Use Of Flow Cytometry And Stable Isotope Analysis To Determine Phytoplankton Uptake Of Wastewater Derived Ammonium In A Nutrient-Rich River
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Use Of Flow Cytometry And Stable Isotope Analysis To Determine Phytoplankton Uptake Of Wastewater Derived Ammonium In A Nutrient-Rich River

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  • Journal Title:
    Biogeosciences
  • Personal Author:
  • NOAA Program & Office:
    Sea Grant
  • Sea Grant Program:
    CASG/CUIMR (California Sea Grant)
  • Description:
    Anthropogenic alteration of the form and concentration of nitrogen (N) in aquatic ecosystems is widespread. Understanding availability and uptake of different N sources at the base of aquatic food webs is critical to establishment of effective nutrient management programs. Stable isotopes of N (14N, 15N) are often used to trace the sources of N fueling aquatic primary production, but effective use of this approach requires obtaining a reliable isotopic ratio for phytoplankton. In this study, we tested the use of flow cytometry to isolate phytoplankton from bulk particulate organic matter (POM) in a portion of the Sacramento River, California, during river-scale nutrient manipulation experiments that involved halting wastewater discharges high in ammonium (NH4+). Field samples were collected using a Lagrangian approach, allowing us to measure changes in phytoplankton N source in the presence and absence of wastewater-derived NH4+. Comparison of δ15N-POM and δ15N-phytoplankton (δ15N-PHY) revealed that their δ15N values followed broadly similar trends. However, after 3 days of downstream travel in the presence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, δ15N-POM and δ15N-PHY in the Sacramento River differed by as much as 7 ‰. Using a stable isotope mixing model approach, we estimated that in the presence of effluent between 40 and 90 % of phytoplankton N was derived from NH4+ after 3 days of downstream transport. An apparent gradual increase over time in the proportion of NH4+ in the phytoplankton N pool suggests that either very low phytoplankton growth rates resulted in an N turnover time that exceeded the travel time sampled during this study, or a portion of the phytoplankton community continued to access nitrate even in the presence of elevated NH4+ concentrations.
  • Keywords:
  • Source:
    Biogeosciences, 15, 353–367
  • DOI:
  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
  • Rights Information:
    CC BY
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    Library
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