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Celebrating 90 years of Arctic Ocean study by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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2020
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Source: Oceanological Research, 48(3)
[PDF-6.63 MB]
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Journal Title:Oceanological Research
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Description:In 2020, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) celebrates 90 years of research, education, and exploration of the
World Ocean. Since inception this has included Arctic studies. In fact, WHOI’s first technical report is on the oceanographic
data obtained during the submarine “Nautilus” polar expedition in 1931. In 1951 and 1952, WHOI scientists supervised the
collection of hydrographic data during the U.S. Navy SkiJump I & II expeditions utilizing ski-equipped aircraft landings in the
Beaufort Sea, and inferred the Beaufort Gyre circulation cell and existence of a mid-Arctic ridge. Later classified studies,
particularly concerning under-ice acoustics, were conducted by WHOI personnel from Navy and Air Force ice camps. With
the advent of simple satellite communications and positioning, WHOI oceanographers began to deploy buoys on sea ice to
obtain surface atmosphere, ice, and upper ocean time series data in the central Arctic beginning in 1987. Observations from
these first systems were limited technologically to discrete depths and constrained by power considerations, satellite
throughput, as well as high costs. As technologies improved, WHOI developed the drifting Ice-Tethered Profiler (ITP) to obtain
vertically continuous upper ocean data several times per day in the ice-covered basins and telemeter the data back in near real
time to the lab. Since the 1980s, WHOI scientists have also been involved in geological, biological, ecological and geochemical
studies of Arctic waters, typically from expeditions utilizing icebreaking vessels, or air supported drifting platforms. Since the
2000s, WHOI has maintained oceanographic moorings on the Beaufort Shelf and in the deep Canada Basin, the latter an element
of the Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS). BGOS maintains oceanographic moorings via icebreaker, and conducts
annual hydrographic and geochemical surveys each summer to document the Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir that has
changed significantly since earlier investigations from the 1950s-1980s. With the experience and results demonstrated over
the past decades for furthering Arctic research, WHOI scientists are well positioned to continue to explore and study the polar
oceans in the decades ahead.
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Source:Oceanological Research, 48(3)
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Rights Information:Accepted Manuscript
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Compliance:Submitted
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