Utility of satellite-derived burn severity to study short- and long-term effects of wildfire on streamflow at the basin scale

Moreno, Hernan A.; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Pham, Tri G.; Spade, Daniela M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124244

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Utility of satellite-derived burn severity to study short- and long-term effects of wildfire on streamflow at the basin scale

2020
By Moreno, Hernan A. ; Gourley, Jonathan J. ; Pham, Tri G. ; ...
Source: J Hydrology 580: 124244

[PDF-2.74 MB]

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Journal Title:

Journal of Hydrology
Personal Author:

Moreno, Hernan A. ; Gourley, Jonathan J. ; Pham, Tri G. ; Spade, Daniela M.

Moreno, Hernan A. ; Gourley, Jonathan J. ; Pham, Tri G. ; Spade, Daniela M. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory) Less -
Description:

We investigated the changes in hydrologic response in a forested catchment impacted by wildfire in Colorado U.S.A. from the storm event to the inter-annual scales. We also evaluated the utility of a remotely-sensed burn severity index to study post-fire shifts in streamflow. At the storm-scale, we evaluated hydrologic shifts through changes in the effective runoff (Q*/PTot), peak streamflow (Qpk) and response time (TR/TB) from multiple hydrographs, while at seasonal and inter-annual-scales we quantified hydrologic shifts through the runoff fraction (Q/PTot) and flow duration curves. Vegetation anomalies were monitored through comparisons of the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) between the burned and a hydrologically-similar, forested, neighboring, unburned catchment. We found short-term acute and long-term chronic transient streamflow shifts from the minute to the inter-annual scales. Flow duration curves indicate an order of magnitude increase in maximum flows. Event-average Q*/PTot increased by two orders of magnitude and Qpk increased by one order of magnitude relative to multiple representative pre-fire events of similar precipitation intensities. Decreases in TR/TB appear to be minimal. At the inter-annual scale, increases in the difference between simultaneous unburned and burned NBR are associated with increases in Q/PTot. A hydrologic recovery pathway is evident resembling a hysteresis effect driven by vegetation re-growth. Results illustrate the non-steady physical processes that increase flash-flooding risks post-fire in mountainous catchments and the utility of ΔNBR as a hydrologic predictor in ungauged watersheds.
Keywords:

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Forest Hydrology Land Cover Change Normalized Burn Ratio Post-fire Streamflow Shifts Remote Sensing Hydrology Wildfire Hydrology
Source:

J Hydrology 580: 124244
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124244
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Journal Article
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urn:sha256:7978aff629bef4c2448b5d72b32b458d032f001f3825d173f33b1ea01f9652ba
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/32641/noaa_32641_DS1.pdf
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Utility of satellite-derived burn severity to study short- and long-term effects of wildfire on streamflow at the basin scale

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