Atmospheric Mixed Layer Convergence from Observed Madden-Julian oscillation Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

de Szoeke, Simon P.; Maloney, Eric D.

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0351.1

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Atmospheric Mixed Layer Convergence from Observed Madden-Julian oscillation Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

2020
By de Szoeke, Simon P. ; Maloney, Eric D.
Source: Journal of Climate, 33(2), 547-558

[PDF-4.17 MB]

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Journal Title:

Journal of Climate
Personal Author:

de Szoeke, Simon P. ; Maloney, Eric D.

de Szoeke, Simon P. ; Maloney, Eric D. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; CPO (Climate Program Office) Less -
Description:

The Madden–Julian oscillation (Madden-Julian oscillation) dominates tropical weather on intraseasonal 30–90-day time scales, yet mechanisms for its generation, maintenance, and propagation remain unclear. Although surface moist static energy (MSE) flux is greatest under strong winds in the convective phase, sea surface temperature (SST) warms by ~0.3°C in the clear nonconvective phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Winds converging into the hydrostatic low pressure under warm air over the warm SST increase the vertically integrated MSE. We estimate column-integrated MSE convergence using a model of mixed layer (ML) winds balancing friction, planetary rotation, and hydrostatic pressure gradients. Small (0.3 K) SST anomalies associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation drive 7 W m−2 net column MSE convergence averaged over the equatorial Indian Ocean ahead of Madden-Julian oscillation deep convection. The MSE convergence is in the right phase to contribute to Madden-Julian oscillation generation and propagation. It is on the order of the total MSE tendency previously assessed from reanalysis, and greater than surface heat flux anomalies driven by intraseasonal SST fluctuations.
Keywords:

[+]

Atmosphere-ocean Interaction Energy Transport Intraseasonal Variability Madden-Julian Oscillation Mixed Layer Moisture/moisture Budget
Source:

Journal of Climate, 33(2), 547-558
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0351.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA18OAR4310299 ; Grant no. NA15OAR4310240

Grant no. NA18OAR4310299 ; Grant no. NA15OAR4310240 Less -
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CC BY
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Submitted
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urn:sha256:82be71d30eeff68df26a7393035fc9b93f6eed0e183a48b83a8746026d81408c
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/32630/noaa_32630_DS1.pdf
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Atmospheric Mixed Layer Convergence from Observed Madden-Julian oscillation Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

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