The Lightning and Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Three Hail-Accumulating Thunderstorms

Wallace, Robinson; Friedrich, Katja; Deierling, Wiebke; Kalina, Evan A.; Schlatter, Paul

doi:10.1175/WAF-D-19-0224.1

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The Lightning and Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Three Hail-Accumulating Thunderstorms

2020
By Wallace, Robinson ; Friedrich, Katja ; Deierling, Wiebke ; ...
Source: Weather and Forecasting, 35(4), 1583-1603

[PDF-4.71 MB]

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Journal Title:

Weather and Forecasting
Personal Author:

Wallace, Robinson ; Friedrich, Katja ; Deierling, Wiebke ; Kalina, Evan A. ; Schlatter, Paul

Wallace, Robinson ; Friedrich, Katja ; Deierling, Wiebke ; Kalina, Evan A. ; Schlatter, Paul Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) ; GSL (Global Systems Laboratory) ; NWS (National Weather Service)

CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) ; GSL (Global Systems Laboratory) ; NWS (National Weather Service) Less -
Description:

Thunderstorms that produce hail accumulations at the surface can impact residents by obstructing roadways, closing airports, and causing localized flooding from hail-clogged drainages. These storms have recently gained an increased interest within the scientific community. However, differences that are observable in real time between these storms and storms that produce nonimpactful hail accumulations have yet to be documented. Similarly, the characteristics within a single storm that are useful to quantify or predict hail accumulations are not fully understood. This study uses lightning and dual-polarization radar data to characterize hail accumulations from three storms that occurred on the same day along the Colorado–Wyoming Front Range. Each storm’s characteristics are verified against radar-derived hail accumulation maps and in situ observations. The storms differed in maximum accumulation, either producing 22 cm, 7 cm, or no accumulation. The magnitude of surface hail accumulations is found to be dependent on a combination of in-cloud hail production, storm translation speed, and hailstone melting. The optimal combination for substantial hail accumulations is enhanced in-cloud hail production, slow storm speed, and limited hailstone melting. However, during periods of similar in-cloud hail production, lesser accumulations are derived when storm speed and/or hailstone melting, identified by radar presentation, is sufficiently large. These results will aid forecasters in identifying when hail accumulations are occurring in real time.
Keywords:

[+]

Convective Clouds Extreme Events Hail Radar Observations Severe Storms Thunderstorms
Source:

Weather and Forecasting, 35(4), 1583-1603
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-19-0224.1
Document Type:

Journal Article
Funding:

Grant no. NA17OAR4320101
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Submitted
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urn:sha256:f181e56cc0a819c1a33367fe29c5682c0ea62149558e1a5afd89a1bee4854b0f
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/31907/noaa_31907_DS1.pdf
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The Lightning and Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Three Hail-Accumulating Thunderstorms

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