Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic

Raso, Angela R. W.; Custard, Kyle D.; May, Nathaniel W.; Tanner, David; Newburn, Matt K.; Walker, Lawrence; Moore, Ronald J.; Huey, L. G.; Alexander, Liz; Shepson, Paul B.; Pratt, Kerri A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1702803114

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Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic

2017
By Raso, Angela R. W. ; Custard, Kyle D. ; May, Nathaniel W. ; ...
Source: PNAS 114 (38) 10053-10058; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114

[PDF-1.33 MB]

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Journal Title:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Personal Author:

Raso, Angela R. W. ; Custard, Kyle D. ; May, Nathaniel W. ; Tanner, David ; Newburn, Matt K. ; ... More +

Raso, Angela R. W. ; Custard, Kyle D. ; May, Nathaniel W. ; Tanner, David ; Newburn, Matt K. ; Walker, Lawrence ; Moore, Ronald J. ; Huey, L. G. ; Alexander, Liz ; Shepson, Paul B. ; Pratt, Kerri A. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) ; GML (Global Monitoring Laboratory)

OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) ; ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) ; GML (Global Monitoring Laboratory) Less -
Description:

During springtime, the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer undergoes frequent rapid depletions in ozone and gaseous elemental mercury due to reactions with halogen atoms, influencing atmospheric composition and pollutant fate. Although bromine chemistry has been shown to initiate ozone depletion events, and it has long been hypothesized that iodine chemistry may contribute, no previous measurements of molecular iodine (I-2) have been reported in the Arctic. Iodine chemistry also contributes to atmospheric new particle formation and therefore cloud properties and radiative forcing. Here we present Arctic atmospheric I-2 and snowpack iodide (I-) measurements, which were conducted near Utqiagvik, AK, in February 2014. Using chemical ionization mass spectrometry, I-2 was observed in the atmosphere at mole ratios of 0.3-1.0 ppt, and in the snowpack interstitial air at mole ratios up to 22 ppt under natural sunlit conditions and up to 35 ppt when the snowpack surface was artificially irradiated, suggesting a photochemical production mechanism. Further, snow meltwater I- measurements showed enrichments of up to similar to 1,900 times above the seawater ratio of I-/Na+, consistent with iodine activation and recycling. Modeling shows that observed I2 levels are able to significantly increase ozone depletion rates, while also producing iodine monoxide (IO) at levels recently observed in the Arctic. These results emphasize the significance of iodine chemistry and the role of snowpack photochemistry in Arctic atmospheric composition, and imply that I-2 is likely a dominant source of iodine atoms in the Arctic.
Keywords:

[+]

Atmosphere Atmospheric Iodine Boundary-layer Bromine Activation Chemistry Cryosphere Inorganic Iodine Iodine Lower; Troposphere Ozone Depletion Particle Formation Photochemistry Polar Sunrise Science Snowpack Technology Vertical-distribution
Source:

PNAS 114 (38) 10053-10058; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702803114
Pubmed ID:

28874585
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC5617258
Document Type:

Journal Article
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PMC
Main Document Checksum:

[+]

urn:sha256:3a58c12c457222e32f5c734d4b9e50ff9995a44f73a77aa1cc8cc6dc082e01d6
Download URL:

https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/29222/noaa_29222_DS1.pdf
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Active molecular iodine photochemistry in the Arctic

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