Variable climatic conditions dominate recent phytoplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

Harding,, Lawrence W.; Mallonee, Michael E.; Perry, Elgin S.; Miller, W. David; Adolf, Jason E.; Gallegos, Charles L.; Paerl, Hans W.

doi:10.1038/srep23773

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Variable climatic conditions dominate recent phytoplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

2016
By Harding,, Lawrence W. ; Mallonee, Michael E. ; Perry, Elgin S. ; ...
Source: Scientific Reports 6 (23773)

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Journal Title:

Scientific Reports
Personal Author:

Harding,, Lawrence W. ; Mallonee, Michael E. ; Perry, Elgin S. ; Miller, W. David ; Adolf, Jason E. ; ... More +

Harding,, Lawrence W. ; Mallonee, Michael E. ; Perry, Elgin S. ; Miller, W. David ; Adolf, Jason E. ; Gallegos, Charles L. ; Paerl, Hans W. Less -
NOAA Program & Office:

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; NOS (National Ocean Service)

NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) ; NOS (National Ocean Service) Less -
Description:

Variable climatic conditions strongly influence phytoplankton dynamics in estuaries globally. Our study area is Chesapeake Bay, a highly productive ecosystem providing natural resources, transportation, and recreation for nearly 16 million people inhabiting a 165,000-km(2) watershed. Since World War II, nutrient over-enrichment has led to multiple ecosystem impairments caused by increased phytoplankton biomass as chlorophyll-a (chl-a). Doubled nitrogen (N) loadings from 1945-1980 led to increased chl-a, reduced water clarity, and low dissolved oxygen (DO), while decreased N loadings from 1981-2012 suggest modest improvement. The recent 30+ years are characterized by high inter-annual variability of chl-a, coinciding with irregular dry and wet periods, complicating the detection of long-term trends. Here, we synthesize time-series data for historical and recent N loadings (TN, NO2 + NO3), chl-a, floral composition, and net primary productivity (NPP) to distinguish secular changes caused by nutrient over-enrichment from spatio-temporal variability imposed by climatic conditions. Wet years showed higher chl-a, higher diatom abundance, and increased NPP, while dry years showed lower chl-a, lower diatom abundance, and decreased NPP. Our findings support a conceptual model wherein variable climatic conditions dominate recent phytoplankton dynamics against a backdrop of nutrient over-enrichment, emphasizing the need to separate these effects to gauge progress toward improving water quality in estuaries.
Keywords:

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Climatic Changes Ecology Phytoplankton
Source:

Scientific Reports 6 (23773)
DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23773
Pubmed Central ID:

PMC4824454
Document Type:

Journal Article
Place as Subject:

Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)
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CC BY
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PMC
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urn:sha256:4fd9db84c6bb3507c2ba15e4d6a9449b27625646b0de6cbf30929fe0659c64cd
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https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/24084/noaa_24084_DS1.pdf
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Variable climatic conditions dominate recent phytoplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

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