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Description:Several efforts over the last 24 years have been made to find suitable supplementary baitfish. In cooperation with HDAR, eight batches of the Marquesan sardine, Sardinella marquesensis, which seemed like a good baitfish, were brought back by the Honolulu Laboratory from the Marquesas Islands and released around Oahu from 1955 to 1959. Although the sardine became established in the islands, it has never become abundant and does not contribute significantly to the baitfish supply. The Honolulu Laboratory carried out a pilot study on the Island of Maui in 1958-59 to produce tilapia, Tilapia mossambica. as a live bait. The results were encouraging and the State built a prototype hatchery. However, skipjack tuna fishermen preferred to use the native nehu rather than the tilapia, and the State's operation was abandoned. In cooperation with HDAR the Honolulu Laboratory also transported threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense. from California for introduction into Lake Wilson in August 1959. The threadfin shad became established within a year, and shortly thereafter many sea trials were made using them as live bait. Although they were found to be a suitable live bait, there were problems in transporting them from Lake Wilson to the vessels, mortalities were high, and the skipjack tuna fishermen again preferred nehu to shad. In 1973 the Honolulu Laboratory undertook to transport northern anchovies, Engraulis mordax. from California to Honolulu. Not only were there problems in developing an effective means of transportation, but the fishermen again preferred the endemic bait. Topminnows, especially of the genus Poecilia, have been used at times by Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishermen as a live bait. Some studies in production and sea tests for suitability were carried out by personnel of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology in the 1970's. Presently studies are underway to raise topminnow, mullet, and milkfish as baitfish by the State of Hawaii, Maui County, and the Pacific Tuna Development Foundation in a joint undertaking on the Island of Maui.
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