ENSO's Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific-North American Region
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ENSO's Modulation of Water Vapor Transport over the Pacific-North American Region

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  • Journal Title:
    Journal of Climate
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  • Description:
    The vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) over the Pacific-North American sector during three phases of ENSO in boreal winter (December-February) is investigated using IVT values calculated from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) during 1979-2010. The shift of the location and sign of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean leads to different atmospheric responses and thereby changes the seasonal mean moisture transport into North America. During eastern Pacific El Nino (EPEN) events, large positive IVT anomalies extend northeastward from the subtropical Pacific into the northwestern United States following the anomalous cyclonic flow around a deeper Aleutian low, while a southward shift of the cyclonic circulation during central Pacific El Nino (CPEN) events induces the transport of moisture into the southwestern United States. In addition, moisture from the eastern tropical Pacific is transported from the deep tropical eastern Pacific into Mexico and the southwestern United States during CPEN. During La Nina (NINA), the seasonal mean IVT anomaly is opposite to that of two El Nino phases. Analyses of 6-hourly IVT anomalies indicate that there is strong moisture transport from the North Pacific into the northwestern and southwestern United States during EPEN and CPEN, respectively. The IVT is maximized on the southeastern side of a low located over the eastern North Pacific, where the low is weaker but located farther south and closer to shore during CPEN than during EPEN. Moisture enters the southwestern United States from the eastern tropical Pacific during NINA via anticyclonic circulation associated with a ridge over the southern United States.
  • Source:
    Journal of Climate, 28(9), 3846-3856.
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  • Document Type:
    Journal Article
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    Other
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    Submitted
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