The Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) established a long-term monitoring program, known as the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) in 2000. Pacific RAMP, which is supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), is tasked with documenting and understanding the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific. Pacific RAMP monitors reef areas in the following regions: the Hawaiian and Mariana Archipelagos, American Samoa, and the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (PRIMNM, formerly Pacific Remote Island Areas—PRIA), which include Johnston and Wake Atolls and the U.S. Line and Phoenix Islands

https://doi.org/10.25923/0rg6-y073

Technical Report