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Description:A 5-year review is a periodic analysis of a species’ status conducted to ensure that the listing classification of a species as threatened or endangered on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (List) (50 CFR 17.11 – 17.12) is accurate. The 5-year review is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). To achieve this, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources led the 5-year review with input from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The draft document was distributed to NMFS regional offices and science centers and FWS regional and field offices for their review and edits, which were incorporated where appropriate. Information sources include the final rule listing this species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA); the recovery plan for the U.S. Pacific populations; peer reviewed publications; unpublished field observations by the Services, States, and other experienced biologists; unpublished survey reports; and notes and communications from other qualified biologists. The public notice for this review was published on October 10, 2012, with a 60-day comment period (77 FR 61573). Commenters submitted information on sea turtle bycatch reduction measures in the Hawaii-based longline fishery, monitoring and conservation programs in Indonesia, fisheries bycatch, entanglement and ingestion of debris, vessel strikes, and impacts from climate change. Comments received were incorporated as appropriate into the 5-year review. The information on the olive ridley biology and habitat, threats, and conservation efforts were summarized and analyzed in light of the recovery criteria and the ESA section 4(a)(1) factors (see Sections A.2.3.2.1 and B.2.3.2.1) to determine whether a reclassification or delisting is warranted (see Section 3.0). If the recovery criteria do not meet the 2006 NMFS Interim Recovery Planning Guidance or do not adequately address new threats, then we use the criteria only as a benchmark for measuring progress toward recovery. In the case where there is no recovery plan (i.e., Atlantic Ocean), we rely on the ESA section 4(a)(1) factors analysis.
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