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Description:A 5-year review is a periodic analysis of a species’ status conducted to ensure that the listing classification of a species as threatened or endangered on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (List) (50 CFR 17.11 – 17.12) is accurate. The 5-year review is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). To achieve this, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of Protected Resources led the 5-year review with input from NMFS regional offices and science centers. The following staff provided comments on the draft: Jay Barlow, Ph.D., Southwest Fisheries Science Center; Peter Corkeron, Ph.D., Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Sally Mizroch, Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Keith Mullin, Ph.D. and Patricia Rosel, Ph.D., Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Greg Silber, Ph.D., Office of Protected Resources; Monica DeAngelis and Penny Ruvelas, West Coast Region; and Nancy Young, Pacific Islands Regional Office. We relied on the last 5 year review (NMFS 2009), final recovery plan (NMFS 2010a), peer reviewed publications, government and technical reports, conference papers, dissertations, and theses. Information was gathered through November 2014. The information on the sperm whale biology and habitat, threats, and conservation efforts were summarized and analyzed in light of the recovery criteria and the ESA section 4(a)(1) factors (see Section 2.3.2.1) to determine whether a reclassification or delisting is warranted (see Section 3.0). If the recovery criteria do not meet the guidelines for recovery criteria laid out in the 2006 NMFS Interim Recovery Planning Guidance or do not adequately address new threats, then we use the criteria only as a benchmark for measuring progress toward recovery.
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