{"Bibliographic":{"Title":"Flooding of late June 1995 over the Shenandoah Valley, Potomac highlands, and Virginia piedmont : an assessment of operations at WSFO Sterling","Authors":"","Publication date":"1995","Publisher":""},"Administrative":{"Date created":"08-17-2023","Language":"English","Rights":"CC 0","Size":"0000044384"},"Pages":["GB\n1399.2\n.G65\n1995\nFLOODING OF LATE JUNE 1995\nOVER THE\nSHENANDOAH VALLEY, POTOMAC HIGHLANDS, AND\nVIRGINIA PIEDMONT\nAn Assessment of Operations at WSFO Sterling\nThe Daily Progress/Stephanie Gross\nThe U.S. 29 bridge linking Greene and Madison counties disappears under the surging Rapidan River. The rain that fueled Tuesday's flooding was predicted to continue today.\nBarry Goldsmith,\nWritten by\nBarbara McNaught Watson,\nand Melody Hall\nDOC/NOAA/National Weather Service\nSterling Forecast Office\n44087 Weather Service Road\nSterling, VA 20166","FLOODING OF LATE JUNE 1995\nOVER THE\nSHENANDOAH VALLEY, POTOMAC HIGHLANDS, AND\nVIRGINIA PIEDMONT\nAn Assessment of Operations at WSFO Sterling\nTable of Contents:\nI. Event Overview\nA. Impact of Floods\nB. Synoptic Analysis\nII. Forecast and Warning Operations at WSFO Sterling\nA. Forecast of Heavy Rains and Flooding\nB. Flash Flood Watches Issued\nC. Warnings Issued, Radar Operations, and Verification\nD. River Flooding and Hydrologic Services\nIII. Flash Flood Operations in Sterling's Forecast Area, but outside the CWA\nIV. Conclusions\nGB\nAppendices:\n1399.2\nA. Details of Flash Flood Watch Issuances by Sterling\nG65\n1995\nB. Log of Flash Flood Warnings and Statements\nC. Log of Official Rainfall Reports and Rainfall Observation Map\nD. WSR-88D Storm Total Precipitation Maps\nE. Pictures of flood aftermath and river gages\nF. Example Flash Flood Warning and Flash Flood Statement during\nthe height of the flooding event\nLIBRARY\nN.O.A.A.\nU IS Dept. of Commer","FLOODING OF LATE JUNE 1995\nOVER THE\nSHENANDOAH VALLEY, POTOMAC HIGHLANDS, AND VIRGINIA PIEDMONT\nAn Assessment of Operations at WSFO Sterling\nBy Barry Goldsmith, Barbara Watson, and Melody Hall\nI. Event Overview\nA. Impact of Floods\nSevere flash flooding, and in some cases record river flooding, occurred across portions of west-\ncentral Virginia during the week of June 25, 1995. Lesser, but still substantial, flooding\noccurred over the Potomac Highlands of Maryland and West Virginia. Outside of remnant\ntropical-storm flood events, this case may be recorded as a one-in-50 year event for portions\nof the Shenandoah Valley, the central Virginia piedmont, and the Potomac Highlands.\nHowever, in Madison County and along the Rapidan, it is figured to be a 500 year flood.\nOnly three persons are known to have perished in the Sterling County Warning Area (CWA)\nfrom the floods. A 3-year-old girl was swept down the Gooney Creek near Front Royal on\nJune 27th, and a man was killed in Rappahannock Co. In Madison County, a woman was\nkilled when her home collapsed upon her. At least 20 people were injured of which 10 were\nhospitalized. Thus far, property damages in Virginia have been estimated at $120 million with\nan additional $82 million in agricultural losses. These numbers do not include the cost of\ncleanup and recovery. Over 400 roads were closed with more than half damaged or washed\nout by mudslides and floods. Some 80 bridges were washed out or damaged, including a four-\nlane bridge on Federal Highway 29, a main thoroughfare between Washington and\nCharlottesville. (See Cover and Appendix E, picture 1). Thousands of residents were stranded\nin small towns and 800 people were evacuated from homes. More than 2000 homes were\ndamaged or destroyed.\nThe hardest hit area was centered on southern Madison County, where as much as 20 inches\nof rain may have fallen. One report from Madison indicated that as much as 10 inches of rain\nfell in two hours. More than 25 people in Madison had to be rescued by air during the\nflooding. Half the farms in the county sustained damage. The entire hay crop was lost and half\nNumbers are provided by Virginia Department of Emergency Services. These\n1\nnumbers are only a rough estimate at the time of this report, August 1, 1995.\nDamage assessment is still ongoing. Once assessments are completed, a more\naccurate accounting of damages will be included in Storm Data for June 1995.\n1","the corn crop. Hundreds of livestock were killed and 500 to 1000 miles of fencing was\ndamaged or washed away. In Madison County alone, total damages were estimated at $64\nmillion with an additional $29 million in agricultural losses. The estimated cost of recovery\nto get the farm land suitable once more for crops may be as high as $1000 per acre.\nOther flash flooding caused road closures from rock slides, mudslides, and bridge washouts,\nin Allegany County, Maryland and Mineral County, West Virginia. On June 27, near one\nmillion dollars in damage occurred to 200 buildings in Allegany County near Westernport.\nTotal damage estimates including roads was $1.76 million. In adjacent Mineral County, $1.1\nmillion in damages are estimated with 66 homes and 8 businesses damaged. Heavy rains in the\nmountains caused mudslides and washed debris up against bridges. Temporary debris dams\nbacked up water and then broke causing additional flooding downstream. In Piedmont\n(Mineral County), over five and a half inches of rain fell on the 27th with most of it falling\nbetween 2 and 4 pm. Flooding occurred in both Piedmont and Keyser.\nUp to 17 inches of rain also fell in Augusta County, Virginia. Earthen dams in southeastern\nAugusta County were perilously close to failure at one point, but survived as the rain areas\nshifted away. The heavy rains in Madison and Orange Counties led to a record river flood\ncrest on the Rapidan. Nearly the entire town of Rapidan experienced flooding with damage\nto almost all the buildings. River flooding ensued along the Rappahannock River and affected\nareas downstream 1 to 2 days after the heaviest rains fell. The Rappahannock crested at 5 feet\nabove flood stage at Remington and 7 feet above flood stage at Fredericksburg.\nB. Synoptic Analysis\nStrong upper-level confluence over the western Canadian Maritime provinces helped develop\nunseasonably strong surface high pressure centers, which moved into northern New England.\nBackdoor cold fronts developed in advance of the highs, but could push no further south than\nthe Middle Atlantic states. The first front moved slowly through the forecast area during the\n20th and 21st before dissolving. The front aided in lifting a tropical air mass ahead of it,\ncausing thunderstorms to develop. Meanwhile, an enlarging subtropical low over the\nMississippi Valley, whose circulation extended into the eastern Tennessee and Ohio Valleys,\nsent impulses rotating across the Appalachians providing added lift. One such impulse moved\nfrom northern Georgia into eastern Tennessee late in the week of the 18th, producing locally\ntorrential rainfall, which caused isolated flash floods in western Virginia. One such flood\nresulted from a dam break in Campbell County, Virginia. Seven cars were washed off a bridge\nand one person perished in a rescue attempt. Other areas received light to moderate rains.\nAs the impulse moved first into western Pennsylvania, then towards the upper Midwest,\nconvection became more isolated. However, a low temperature-dew point spread prevented\nsignificant drying from occurring. Early on the week of the 25th, the lead impulse had\nweakened after it had moved to the upper Midwest. However, the overall circulation\nbroadened, keeping weak upper diffluence over much of the middle Atlantic region. At this\n2","time, a much stronger back door cold front, in advance of a 1030 mb surface high over New\nEngland, moved into the central forecast area. Unfortunately, the battle between the tropical\nair (represented by southerly flow aloft) and the polar air (northerly flow aloft) was fought\nover the region, and ended in a draw. Thus, the surface front stalled immediately east of the\nBlue Ridge Mountains.\nThe combination of a stalled front, surface-850 mb east to southeast winds (upslope flow),\nexcessively moist air, and weak upper diffluence, caused another round of heavy rain, this time\non previously saturated soil. Widespread flooding and flash flooding occurred between June\n26th and June 29th. The most notable flooding occurred in Sterling's CWA on June 26th and\n27th. The action shifted into portions of southwestern Virginia (NWSO Blacksburg's CWA)\nduring the afternoon and evening of the 28th. By the 29th, the front dissipated, and isolated\nconvection produced scattered flash flood events. Isolated flash flood events continued through\nJuly 1, before the entire system was pushed east of Virginia by increasing westerly flow aloft.\nII. Forecast and Warning Operations at WSFO Sterling\nA. Forecast of Heavy Rains and Flooding\nThe NWS Sterling staff lived up to its name during the entire event. Strong wording was used\nin most zone forecast products issued from June 23 to July 1. Synoptic explanations (found\nunder the header WBCSFDWBC), issued to give surrounding NWS offices and other\nmeteorologists the technical reasoning used by the public forecaster to prepare the preliminary\nzone forecasts, were sound, especially prior to the most serious floods.\nThe June 27th midnight public forecaster conveyed the seriousness of threat, and virtually\npinpointed the location of the most devastating floods through sound meteorological\nreasoning, in his synoptic explanation. The ultimate conclusions were reached in part by using\nseveral data sources.\nFirst, hand-analyses of surface pressure, surface pressure change, 850 mb equivalent potential\ntemperature, 850 mb heights/temperature/moisture, 500 mb heights/temperature/moisture,\nand 250 mb heights/isotachs were performed to get a three-dimensional \"feel\" of the\natmosphere. After the short-range model data had arrived, PCGRIDDS software was used to\nassess the synoptic situation in finer detail than conventional charts provide. Third, radar\ncomposites were helpful in determining the fetch and strength of easterly flow into the\npotential flood region. The WSR-88D VAD wind profile (VWP) was instrumental in showing\nstrengthening low-level flow (see the SFD below).\nHighlights of the synoptic explanation Follow\n3","STATE FORECAST DISCUSSION\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STERLING VA\n345 AM EDT TUE JUN 27 1995\nLOOKS LIKE IT COULD BE ANOTHER UPROARIOUS SHIFT WITH THE\nPOTENTIAL FOR MUCH MORE WIDESPREAD FLOODING/FLASH FLOODING\nTHAN WE'VE SEEN IN THE LAST SEVERAL DAYS. TODAY IS THE DAY THAT\nEMERGENCY MANAGERS REALLY NEED TO PAY ATTENTION\nSINCE MIDNIGHT THE KLWX 88D VWP HAS SHOWN BNDRY LYR WINDS\nINCRSG FROM 10 KT TO 25 KT AND AN AREA OF RW/TRW HAS PERSISTED IN\nA DVLPG CONVRGC ZONE ACRS NRN VA INTO THE PANHANDLES. THE\nSTAGE IS SET\nEXPECTING THE EASTERLY FLOW TO BECOME MORE\nESTABLISHED SHIFTING THE LOW-LEVEL THETA-E AND PW AXIS TOWARD W\nCNTRL ZONES\nSTABILITY FORECASTS INDICATE THAT MEAN AMS WILL BE QUITE\nUNSTABLE ALOFT WE'LL BE IN A DIFFLUENCE REGION BETWEEN JETS\nWHICH WILL AID IN MAINTAINING TSTMS ONCE THEY FIRE UP. MY\nGREATEST AREA OF CONCERN FOR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING LIES ACRS THE\nNRN/CNTRL SHENANADOAH VLY AND THE ADJ ZONES (INCLUDING THE\nUPSTREAM FOOTHILLS).\nFinally, a collective of privately and publicly-owned automated surface observations provided\nground-truth rainfall amounts prior to and during the flooding. Skywarn volunteer observers\nwere activated on the 27th. Through amateur radio, they provided additional rainfall reports,\nas well as damage and flood reports.\nFlash Flood Watches Issued\nB.\nFlash flood watches were issued, extended, and reissued, as necessary, for much of western\nVirginia between June 23 and July 1. For specific details of watch issuances, see appendix A.\nEstimated watch lead times for the most devastating floods (June 27th) were as follows:\n14 hr 11 min\nMADISON CO\n14 hr 11 min\nORANGE CO\n16 hr 11 min\nRAPPAHANNOCK CO\n16 hr 11 min\nWARREN CO\n16 hr 31 min\nCULPEPER CO\n21 hr 47 min\nGREENE CO\n4","Emphasizing the flood threat further, a flood potential statement (WBCESFWBC) was issued\nat 0645 EDT, just as the Madison/Orange County flooding began. The statement included\na call-to-action for emergency managers (especially in west central and northwest Virginia, as\nwell as mentioning the panhandles of Maryland and West Virginia) to pay attention to weather\nupdates today because significant flooding was possible. Flood potential statements are issued\nonly when there is a high risk of widespread flooding over portions of the forecast area.\nC. Warning Issued, Radar Operations, and Verification\nDuring the week of June 23 - 30, Sterling forecasters issued 55 warnings. Twenty-one were\nextensions of previous warnings. In Madison County alone, the initial warning was extended\nfive times, giving a total warning time of 13 hours and 26 minutes. Preliminary statistics\nshowed 42 of 55 warnings verified, 4 unverified, and 9 awaiting confirmation. Twenty-one\nof the 34 non-extended warnings have verified thus far, with only 6 having zero lead times.\nAll eleven warnings issued on June 27th have verified thus far. A detailed log of warnings and\nlead times is found in Appendix B. Lead times on the initial warnings for the most devastated\ncounties were:\n1 hr 56 min\nMADISON CO\n37 min\nORANGE CO\n2 hr 37 min\nRAPPAHANNOCK CO\n2 hr 37 min\nWARREN CO\n50 min\nCULPEPER CO\n0 min (ongoing event)\nGREENE CO\nLead times based on initial flooding, however, may not accurately tell the story, since the\ndevastating floods did not truly begin until sometime between 1000 and 1200 EDT over\nsouthern Madison and northwest Orange Counties. Hence, \"true\" lead times could be as\nmuch as 5 hours and 30 minutes.\nThe excellent verification and lead times in Virginia are a credit to the entire office operation.\nWSR-88D operators soon recognized precipitation algorithm underestimation, which allowed\nthe issuance of timely accurate warnings. The ratio of ground truth to radar estimates was\nabout 1.8:1. This is likely a result of 1) the beam overshooting that portion of the cloud where\nthe heaviest precipitation was occurring and 2) the ZR relationship being off due to the\ntropical-like environment that the storms were in. Appendix C is a list of reported rainfall\nvalues for the event and a map. This can be compared to Appendix D which shows WSR-88D\nstorm precipitation total for that week.\nAs the flash flooding became more and more life-threatening, radio stations were called and\nasked to activate EBS and Skywarn was activated to provide amateur radio reports. The public\nservice unit made continuous contact with emergency service personnel in all affected counties;\n5","however, many were so overwhelmed with response efforts that they didn't have time to talk.\nSkywarn spotters and automated gages provided reliable observations of measured\nprecipitation. Sky warn amateur radio operations provided the first ground-truth report around\n2 pm from Madison County of 10 inches in Etlan (northern part) and indicated that half of\nit fell during the previous 4 hours. That observation, combined with the WSR-88D imagery,\nindicated that the southern part of the county was being hit hardest. Skywarn amateur radio\nalso brought the first reports of road closures and road and bridge washouts.\nWarning services were not as good for Mineral County, WV and Allegany County, MD,\nhowever, this area was under a flash flood watch. The WSR-88D did not indicate the\nmagnitude of heavy rain like that that was falling in Virginia (see appendix D - top left-center\nof Storm Total Precipitation map). Hence, attention remained on central Virginia and no\nwarnings were issued for Mineral or Allegany County. By the time reports began to reach the\nSterling Office via Skywarn, NAWAS, and phone, the heavy rain had moved away from the\narea of concern. This information was incorporated into updated flood statements. The\nheaviest of rains fell over a small rural mountain area that is not covered by our observer\nnetwork.\nOur closest cooperative observer was in Keyser. His report did not reach our office for two\ndays because the flash flood washed away half of his workshop/office, and flooded his\nbasement, washing away his gage and ROSA phone. Mountain beam blockage caused\nadditional problems to those mentioned above in estimating rainfall. Storm total according to\nthe WSR-88D over the observers sight was only 1.5 to 2.0 inches. That produces a ratio closer\nto 4:1 and means that totals on the mountains to the west of Keyser in Allegany County, MD\nmay have reached 10 inches or more.\nRadar precipitation estimates improved later in the week as the final front approached the\nregion, with the estimated ratio of ground truth to radar estimates at 1.25:1. The better\nresolution may have been related to the change from a tropically-convective (e.g. high relative\nhumidity in a large portion of the column) towards a mid-latitude-convective (e.g. dry layers\nembedded within the column) atmosphere.\nD. River Flooding and Hydrologic Services\nRiver flood warnings and follow-up statements were routinely issued for the Rapidan and\nRappahannock Rivers by the hydrology and public service unit staff. The warning period\nbegan at 0830 June 27 and continued until 1445 EDT June 30.\nWith the ground nearly saturated, heavy rains on the 27th in Madison and Orange Counties\nbecame direct runoff and flowed into the Rapidan. The Rapidan is a fast response river and\nhad already exceeded flood stage on the morning of the 27th. The river continued to quickly\nclimb. The USGS stream gage (not telemetered) near Ruckersville in Greene County was\ndestroyed by the raging water (see Appendix E, picture 2). The flood crest was estimated (by\n6","water marks to have reached 31.6 feet which is a 500-year flood for that gaging point. This\nexceeded the old record of 20.8 feet set at that point in October 1942 by almost a foot.\nFlooding also knocked out phone lines cutting off communication to the NWS telemeter river\ngage equipment south of Culpeper. Sterling WSFO got assistance from the Search and Rescue\nTeam from the town of Rapidan. They relayed river height reports from the NWS staff gage\non the old mill. Before losing communication with the NWS gage, the river crest was forecast\nto reach 24 to 26 feet. Using this information, warnings were updated with a crest forecast of\n28 feet. Additional readings estimated a crest of 27 feet to have occurred about 4 am on the\n28th. Using a crest-relation chart, a crest near 30 feet was forecast for Culpeper Wednesday\nmorning, the 28th. From water marks, the crest near Culpeper was later determined to be a\nrecord of 30.4 feet. (See Appendix E, picture 4). The old record was 30.30 feet which occurred\non October 16, 1942.\nThe Rapidan River flows into the Rappahannock River, which was also accumulating rains\nfrom northern Madison County, Rappahannock and Culpeper Counties. On the 28th, the\nriver crested 5 feet above flood stage at Remington. Farther downstream on the 29th, the river\ncrested in the city of Fredericksburg at 7 feet above flood stage. The forecast point for the city\nis at the city dock which has a staff gage. The Fredericksburg Fire Department called in\nregular reports of the river level. Substantial damage was reported at both locations, and at\nnumerous others along the river.\nExcellent hydrologic service was provided by the Sterling staff. A River Flood Warning issued\nat 1130 EDT June 27 stated that \" THE RAPIDAN IS FORECAST TO CREST BETWEEN\n19 AND 21 FEET THIS AFTERNOON \" but, more importantly, that should \"THE BASIN\nRECEIVE AN ADDITIONAL 4 INCHES OF RAIN TODAY A HIGHER SECONDARY\nCREST IS EXPECTED WEDNESDAY (June 28) MORNING ON THE RAPIDAN NEAR\nCULPEPER..\n\"\nA follow-up warning issued at 1615 EDT June 27 mentioned that the initial crest was 20.1 feet,\nright in the middle of the forecast range, but also added that \"THE MODERATION\nOCCURRING IS ONLY TEMPORARY... and a \"SECONDARY CREST BETWEEN 23\nAND 25 FEET TONIGHT\" was expected. The river rose to 22.8 feet by 2200 EDT. With\nthe additional information from the town of Rapidan, the warning was again updated to a\nforecast of near 30 feet Wednesday morning, June 28. The river indeed continued rising\novernight to its June 28 record crest of 30.40 feet.\nThe first River Flood Warning for the Rappahannock River was issued at 1615 EDT June 27,\nfor the downriver locations of Remington and Fredericksburg. At the time of the warning,\nthe river level was 12.4 feet at Remington (2.6 feet below flood stage), and below 10 feet at\nFredericksburg (at least 8 feet below flood stage). Initial crest forecasts were 18 to 20 feet at\nboth locations; by early Wednesday morning at Remington and late Wednesday morning at\nFredericksburg. By 2200 June 27, the Remington gage exceeded flood stage (15.02 feet). The\ngage at Fredericksburg apparently surpassed flood stage around midday June 28.\n7","Crests were initially under forecast somewhat at Remington and Fredericksburg, partly due\nto the gage failure on the Rapidan at Culpeper. However, forecasts were adjusted upward to\n22 - 23 feet at 0300 June 28, and to 25 - 27 feet by 0545 EDT June 28.\nFlash Flood Operations in Sterling's Forecast Area, but outside the CWA\nIII.\nThe other major flooding event occurred during the late evening of June 28 and early morning\nof June 29 from the southern foothills of Pittsylvania, Franklin, and Henry county northward\nto the southern Shenandoah Valley. Four deaths were attributed to the devastating flooding,\nwith another death a result of a dam break on June 23. Short-fused warnings and river flood\nwarnings were issued by the NWSO in Blacksburg, VA, with zone forecasts and flash flood\nwatches issued by Sterling.\nTwo flash flood watches were issued for this region. The second issuance began at 0441 EDT\nJune 27th and continued uninterrupted until 2000 July 1. The most devastating flooding was\noccurred under two areas of thunderstorms, one developing southward from Rockbridge\nCounty Virginia to near the North Carolina border; the other developing northward in the\nNorth Carolina piedmont. Both areas contained torrential rains. The two areas merged at\naround 2230 EDT June 28 over northeast Rockingham County North Carolina, then drifted\nslowly north into southern Virginia over the next several hours.\nThe synoptic explanation issued at 2108 EDT June 28 highlighted ..SERIOUS LIFE-\nTHREATENING FLOOD SITUATION SETTING UP IN SW VA...\" and hinted at a\npossible cell merger: \"...LAST [SATL] IMG SHOWS SWD DVLPMT OF CELLS OVER\nPITTS/HALIFAX/HENRY CO WITH NWD MOVMT OF CELLS IN NC (WHICH\nERLYR PRODUCED 1/4TRW + AT CAE SC) UH OH!\"\nThe updated zone forecasts, issued at 2145 EDT, for the most affected counties included\nenhanced wording as well, with the mention of \"TORRENTIAL RAINS CAUSING\nSERIOUS FLASH FLOODING\" in the text. Finally, the flash flood watch extension, issued\nat 2210 EDT, included further details of the merger, including the possibility of ..AN\nADDITIONAL 2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN IN PITTSYLVANIA PATRICK AND\nHENRY COUNTIES. \" In fact, the Blacksburg WSR-88D estimated over 6 inches along the\nPittsylvania/Franklin County line, and between 4 and 6 inches in southeastern Henry County,\nin a three-hour period ending at 0025 EDT June 29.\nIV. Conclusions\nThe NWS Forecast Office in Sterling, teamed with the NEXRAD Weather Service Office in\nBlacksburg, provided exemplary service to Virginians up and down the Blue Ridge. The\nquality of service rivaled that provided during the Superstorm of March 13, 1995 - enough to\nwarrant praise from Virginia Gov. George Allen.\n8","APPENDIX A.\nFLASH FLOOD WATCHES\n(A): Central/Northern Shenandoah Valley: intermittent watches were in effect beginning at\n0425 EDT Friday, June 23, until 2000 EDT Saturday, July 1.\n(B): Southwestern Virginia portion of WBC zone forecast area: initial issuance: 0947 EDT\nSaturday, June 24 expiration 2300 EDT Saturday, June 24. second issuance 0441 EDT\nTuesday, June 27 continuous until 2000 EDT Saturday, July 1.\n(C): Flood Watch for the Northern Neck region of Virginia and the Maryland counties along\nthe western shore of the Chesapeake Bay: 1415 EDT Saturday, June 24 through 0500 EDT\nSunday, June 25.\nNotes on Flash Flood Watch area (A):\nInitial issuance valid through 0400 EDT Saturday, June 24.\n1.\nRe-issuance at 0511 EDT Sunday, June 25th, valid until 2000 EDT.\n2.\nRe-issuance for only the Potomac Highlands of Maryland and West Virginia, and the\n3.\nextreme northern Shenandoah Valley, from 2000 EDT/June 25 until 0400 EDT/June\n26.\nRe-issuance for same areas as in (3), adding additional counties through the central\n4.\nShenandoah, at 2019 EDT/June 26. Counties affected by June 27 floods ADDED\nwere:\nGREENE, WARREN, RAPPAHANNOCK, MADISON, SHENANDOAH,\nFAUQUIER, and FREDERICK(VA)\nCounties affected by the June 27 floods NOT INCLUDED were:\nCULPEPER, ORANGE, LOUISA, FLUVANNA.\nExpiration time: 0400/June 27.\nRe-issuance for entire western third of Virginia, including all of the above counties, at\n5.\n0441 EDT/June 27. There was an objective \"window\" without a watch of 41 minutes;\nhowever, for \"real world\" verification (used to calculate lead times), the 2019EDT/June\n26 FFA was used.\nCounties removed from the FFA at 2158 EDT/June 27 (initially issued at 0441\n6.\nEDT/June 27),","LOUISA, FAUQUIER, RAPPAHANNOCK, CULPEPER, MADISON, ORANGE,\nSPOTSYLVANIA.\nNote: these counties were reinstated at 348 AM Friday, June 30.","APPENDIX B\nFLASH FLOOD WARNING LOG\nSTIME = Start time of warning\nXTIME = End time of warning\nV (Y/N) = Verification (Yes or No)\nVTIME = Verification Time ( - denotes ongoing event; + indicates\nthat event continues beyond this time)\nFlash Flooding\nJune 23 through June 30, 1995\nWARNINGS\nXTIME V(Y/N)\nVTIME\nST\nSTIME\nDATE LOCATION\n-0000+\n0000\n0300\nY\n0623\nS AUGUSTA\nVA\n-1341 +\n1341\n1745\nY\nE PRINCE GEORGES\nMD\n0624\n1745\nY\n-1345-\nMD\n1341\n0624\nANNE ARUNDEL\n1745\n?\nMD\n1341\n0624\nCALVERT\n0300\n?\nSW/WC RAPPAHANNOC VA\n0042\n0625\nWV\n1626\n1830\n?\n0625\nGRANT\n1800+\n1626\n1830\nY\n0625\nNW HARDY\nWV\n?\nWV\n1756\n2000\n0625E\nGRANT\nY\n1800+\nWV\n1756\n2000\n0625E\nNW HARDY\n2045\nN\nMD\n1841\n0625\nALLEGANY\nN\nVA\n2248\n0045\nGREENE\n0625\nN\nVA\n2248\n0045\n0625\nW ORANGE\n0045\nY\n2330+\nVA\n2248\n0625\nNE ALBEMARLE\nN\nVA\n2248\n0045\n0625\nMADISON\n0200\nY\n-2359+\nVA\n2359\n0625E\nALBEMARLE\n0200\n?\nVA\n2359\n0625\nNELSON\n1230+\n1430\nY\nVA\n1226\n0626\nAUGUSTA\n1630\nY\n-1433+\nVA\n1433\n0626E\nAUGUSTA\n-1719+\n1719\n1915\nY\n0626\nFAUQUIER\nVA\nY\n2040+\nMD\n2032\n2230\n0626\nALLEGANY\nY\n0630+\n0434\n0630\n0627\nMADISON\nVA\n0900\nY\n0630+\nVA\n0553\n0627\nORANGE\n0900\nY\n0830+\n0553\nRAPPAHANNOCK\nVA\n0627\n0900\nY\n0830 +\nW FAUQUIER\nVA\n0553\n0627\n0900\nY\n0830 +\nWARREN\nVA\n0553\n0627\n0900\nY\n0630+\n0627E\nMADISON\nVA\n0553\n1115\nY\n0900+\nNW CULPEPER\nVA\n0810\n0627\nY\n-0910+\nVA\n0910\n1215\nORANGE\n0627E","-0910+\n1215\nY\n0910\nW RAPPAHANNOCK\nVA\n0627E\n-0910+\n1215\nY\nWARREN\nVA\n0910\n0627E\n-0910+\n1215\nY\nMADISON\nVA\n0910\n0627E\n0930+\n1215\nY\nSW FREDERICK\nVA\n0910\n0627\n-1210+\n1500\nY\n1210\nCULPEPER\nVA\n0627E\n1500\nY\n-1210+\nORANGE\nVA\n1210\n0627E\n-1210+\n1500\nY\nRAPPAHANNOCK\nVA\n1210\n0627E\n-1210+\n1500\nY\n0627E\nWARREN\nVA\n1210\n-1210\n1500\nY\n1210\nFREDERICK\nVA\n0627E\n-1210+\n1500\nY\nVA\n1210\n0627E\nMADISON\n-1406+\n1600\nY\n1406\nGREENE\nVA\n0627\n-1500+\n1700\nY\nMADISON\nVA\n1500\n0627E\n1800\nY\n-1601+\nVA\n1601\n0627E\nGREENE\n-1705+\n1800\nY\n1705\nMADISON\nVA\n0627E\n2100 +\n2200\nY\n2010\nSHENANDOAH\nVA\n0627\n0000\nY\nUNKN\nW ALBEMARLE\nVA\n2132\n0627\n0000\nY\nUNKN\nNELSON\nVA\n2132\n0627\n0100\nY\n-0009+\n0009\nW ALBEMARLE\nVA\n0628E\n0100\nY\nUNKN\nVA\n0009\nNELSON\n0628E\nUNKN\n0730\nY\nAUGUSTA\nVA\n0435\n0628\n1030\nY\n-0731 +\nVA\n0731\n0628E\nAUGUSTA\n1030\n?\n0731\nROCKINGHAM\nVA\n0628\n2000\n?\nVA\n1753\n0629\nORANGE\n2015\n?\nE CULPEPER\nVA\n1821\n0629\n1445\nY\n-1248+\nMD\n1248\n0630\nALLEGANY\nY\n1657 +\n1647\n1845\nALLEGANY\nMD\n0630\n1945\n?\n0630\nMADISON\nVA\n1902\nFlash Flood Statements\nThe number of Flash Flood Statements issued by WSFO WBC, by date:\n0\nJune 23\n0\nJune 24\nJune 25\n4\nJune 26\n2\n13\nJune 27\nJune 28\n4\n2\nJune 29\n2\nJune 30","APPENDIX C\nPrecipitation Observations:\n1. Hand plotted map of rainfall through June 27\n2. List of all rainfall reports from official observers\n(Note: higher amounts came from unofficial sources indicating as much\nas 20 inches in southern Madison County. These reports seem consistant\nwith observation to radar ratios used)","7AM 6/21- 7AM6/28 Contine\nStorm Total\nCovington\nALLEGHANY\no\nArbovale\nElkins\n2.6\no\nHot Springs\no\nMorgantown AP\nClifton\nGreensboro Lock 7\nConnellsville\n5\nBATH\nKers\nWhilamsville\nSpruce Knob\nMusta\nBalcony Falls\no\nRowlesburg\nCreek\nAlpena\n8.86\n5.64\nThomas\n5.88\nHIGHLAND\nMonterey\n4.90\nAugusta Sorings\nBuena Vista\n7.00\nDeerfield\nROCKBRIDGE\nBrownsburg\noshen\nCHANGUILLE\nSavage RiverDam\n11.40\nFranklin\nOakland\n9.04\nENDLETON\nBrushy Run\nPediar\n3.83\nSines\nGARRETT\nBayard\nModlebrack\nDAM & RESERVENTU\nNew German\nSAVAGE\nBloomistion\nColumbia\nPetersburg\nUnper\nMontebetto\n12.27\nStuarts\nGRANT\nsumerset\nTract\nMeyersdale\n10.26\nStaunton\nStokesmburk town\n4506\nmount Storm\nDan Enterodise\n148\nczmill\nDraft\nAUGO\n14.46\no\nFrostborg\n10L10\nMINERAL\n70°\nI\nFOR\nrottoes\nBeaton\nLovingsten\nBent 6\nMoorefield\nTye River\nGlencoe\nNELSON\nHARDY\n12.75\nREVILS\nGaheysvilled\nSOMERSET\nRockfish\n15.03\nActivitimen\n0.29\nHarrisoneur\nKeyser.\nROCKING\n5.10\nMt.jackson\nCootes/Stare\n39\nChurches\nSpringfield\n40\nWardensvilles\n(Cumberland.ru\nCharlo\nRomacy\nCumberland\nMis\n35t\nCumberland\nFree Union\nnnwood\n50\nHAMPSHIRE\nSHENANDOAHD\nHyndman\n2.45\npodstock\nBEDFORDS\nBig Meadows\nBuffalo Mills\n5.24\nALBEMARLE\nsville\nALKEGANX\nPAGE\nGREENE\n186\n2.04\nLurav\nBremo Bluft\n9.00\n$trasburg\nHancock\nEverett\n240e\nCedar\nFetzer\n2.64\nPaw Paw\nGop\nPalmyra\nRock\nGore\nGo donsville\n13.40\n&\nCr.\nWinchester\n3A9\nCacapon: State Park\nColumbia\nmerset\nMADIS\nGerraldstown\nruit\n5%\nMORGAN\nFLUVANNA\n7.26\n3.79\nHangock\nMiddletown\nTRACK\nshington\nFREDERICK\nWARREN\nLab\n2,4V\nOmps\nCristersallo\n7.90\nConnellsburg\nBreesewood\nIlleAmtssville\nFULSION\n11.61\nmassie's Corne\nRápidan\nRAPPAHANNOC\nliverton\nBERKELEY\nOrance\nORANGE\nor\n7.48\nPENNSYLVANIA\nLOUISA\nCLARKE\nmt We\n©Martinsburg\nCULPERER\nMARYLAND\nCulpepez\nJEFFERSON\nMillville\nKearneysville\nChambersburg\nWilliamsport\n2.96\nWASHINGTON\nFAUQUI\nState Farm\n195\nShepherdstown\nFRANKLIN\nShippensburg\nSmith$burg\nmington\nThe\nFrederick burg\nHarpers)Ferry\nSPOTSYLVAN\nEdgement\nHagerstown\nLOUDON\nPlan\ngrood\nBonesboro\nDulles Int.\nPotomac Filte\n(5%\nXpaint Br Rocks\nFrederick\nSouth-Mt\nHANOVER\nRidraoid\nSTAFFOPD\nPRINCE WILLIAM\nFPEDERICI\nWoodbridge\nObentico\nMD\nGambrill\nFairfax\nFells Church\nCAROLINE\nADAMS\n44.02\nBush Cr\nWisconsin\nPlant\nLittle Falls\nMONTGOMERY\nLaytonsville\nmment\nFAIRFAX\nLinganory\nBethesda\no\nAvery\nGardners\nOlner\nstminster\nNG GEORGE\nDahlgren\nCr\nCARROLL-\nRun\nWashington\nOLHMAIR\nCHARLES\n11.00\nShepril Dave\nBrighton\nBeltsvitte\nHOWARD\nWaldor\nVINGANIT\nESSEX\n2.44\nGEORGES\nPRINCE\nPOTOMAC\nDan\nBOX RES.\nBakimore AP\nPRETTY\nLOCH RAVEN\nWESTMORELAND\nRESERVOIR\nBALTIMORE\nYork\nRICHMOND\nARUNDEL\nBALTIMORE\nANNE\nCITY\nCALVERT\nST MARYS\nAberdeen\nHoltwood\nLANCASTER\nNORTHUMBERLAT\nx\nAnnapetis\nProving\nHARFORD\nGround\nTALE\nNA","RAINFALL TOTALS\n7AM 6/21 - 7AM 6/28\n7AM 6/27 - 7AM 6/28\nRAINFALL\nDATA SOURCE\nLOCATION\nRAINFALL\nCoop Observer\nGlencoe PA\n3.26\n0.91\nLARC\nMcConnellsburg PA\n2.60\nCoop Observer\n0.70\nBayard WV\n3.83\nCoop Observer\n0.65\nBrandywine WV\nCoop Observer\n1.63\nFisher WV\n4.05\nCoop Observer\n1.85\nMoorefield WV\nCoop Observer\n0.15\nPetersburg WV\n1.60\nCoop Observer\nRomney WV\nCoop Observer\n0.35\nSugar Grove WV\nCoop Observer\n0.52\nWardensville WV\n2.05\nCoop Observer\n0.30\n3.50\nCacapon WV\n1.96\nCoop Observer\nBurlington WV\n3.95\nCoop Observer\nUpper Tract WV\n4.24\nDCP\nMount Storm WV\n4.06\n1.21\n2.11\nDCP\nPinto WV\n3.29\n0.80\nLARC\nFranklin WV\n2.50\n1.51\nLARC\nMoorefield WV\n4.29\n2.20\nLARC\nGreat Cacapon WV\n3.30\nMineral Co EOC\n5.77\nPiedmont WV\n0.20\nIFLOWS\nRound Top WV\n1.76\n0.20\nIFLOWS\nSleepy Creek WV\n2.12\nCoop Observer\nCumberland MD\n4.55\n0.65\n0.10\nCoop Observer\nFrederick MD\n2.54\nCoop Observer\n0.09\nDamascus MD\n1.82\nCoop Observer\nFrostburg MD\n3.52\nCoop Observer\n3.37\nSavage River Dam MD\n4.56\n0.06\nCoop Observer\nSmithsburg MD\nCoop Observer\n0.06\nWaldorf MD\n2.44\nCoop Observer\n0.24\n2.96\nWilliamsport MD\n0.74\nCoop Observer\n4.02\nThurmont MD\nCoop Observer\n0.03\nOakland MD\n0.12\nLARC\nMt Airy/Damascus MD\n2.30\nCoop Observer\n0.66\nDale Enterprise VA\n2.26\nCoop Observer\n1.42\nCraigsville VA\nCoop Observer\n0.40\nFredericksburg VA\n2.74\nCoop Observer\n0.90\nFront Royal VA\n3.79\nCoop Observer\n0.03\nLocust Grove VA\n4.09","Near Berryville VA\n4.09\n0.53\nCoop Observer\nOrange VA\n7.48\n0.27\nCoop Observer\nCoop Observer\nSomerset VA\n7.26\n0.39\nSperryville VA\n11.61\n1.16\nCoop Observer\n2.67\nCoop Observer\nStaunton VA\nThe Plains VA\n2.95\n0.31\nCoop Observer\nVienna VA\n0.28\nCoop Observer\nWaynesboro VA\n4.21\n1.00\nCoop Observer\nCoop Observer\nWinchester VA\n2.41\n0.12\nMassies Corner VA\n11.61\n0.30\nCoop Observer\nSterling VA\n1.60\n0.17\nWSFO LWX\nLARC\nGore VA\n3.40\n2.20\nStuarts Draft VA\n10.10\n6.20\nLARC\nLARC\nLynwood VA\n2.50\n1.50\nBig Meadows VA\n9.00\n5.00\nLARC\nMathiews Arms VA\n7.90\n6.10\nLARC\nLARC\nCulpeper VA\n6.90\n5.20\n3.70\nLARC\nRemington VA\n5.20\nIFLOWS\nLovingston VA\n5.10\n0.76\nMontebello Fish VA\n14.46\n3.20\nIFLOWS\nBrent Gap VA\n12.75\n3.96\nIFLOWS\nIFLOWS\nDevils Knob VA\n15.03\n5.44\n3.50\nIFLOWS\nAfton Mountain VA\n10.94\nIFLOWS\nToms Branch VA\n15.92\n3.20\n2.51\nIFLOWS\nSherando VA\n12.34\n2.28\nIFLOWS\nRobinson Hollow VA\n15.40\n1.08\nIFLOWS\nSpottswood VA\n10.26\nMiddlebrook VA\n12.27\n1.00\nIFLOWS\n0.60\nIFLOWS\nStoney Creek VA\n9.76\nStokesville VA\n5.48\n0.80\nIFLOWS\n2.68\nIFLOWS\nCraigsville VA\n11.40\n0.28\nIFLOWS\nMustoe VA\n5.64\n0.00\nIFLOWS\nMonterey VA\n4.90\n2.64\nIFLOWS\nLewis Mtn Camp VA\n7.86\n2.24\nIFLOWS\nIda VA\n7.54\n1.80\nIFLOWS\nSkyland VA\n6.08\n3.24\nIFLOWS\nRocky Branch VA\n8.94\n0.96\nIFLOWS\nCootes Store VA\n5.98\n2.56\nIFLOWS\nBergton VA\n6.92\n1.68\nIFLOWS\nLong Run Road VA\n11.11\n2.12\nIFLOWS\nDundore Mtn VA\n6.88\n1.00\nIFLOWS\nBriery Branch VA\n1.96\n1.24\nIFLOWS\nSwift Run VA\n5.72\n3.49\nIFLOWS\nCamp Roosevelt VA\n6.17\n1.20\nIFLOWS\nDetrick VA\n2.40\nSmith Ck/Cn VA\n3.56\n0.72\nIFLOWS","Jerome Gap VA\n3.60\n1.24\nIFLOWS\nWoodstock VA\n5.24\n3.24\nIFLOWS\nFetzer Gap VA\n2.04\n1.68\nIFLOWS\nZepp VA\n1.80\n0.12\nIFLOWS\nTumbling Run VA\n2.64\n0.72\nIFLOWS\nStrasburg VA\n3.40\n0.88\nIFLOWS\nHogback Mtn VA\n5.92\n2.44\nIFLOWS\nLimeton VA\n4.08\n1.44\nIFLOWS\nChester Gap VA\n7.34\n1.48\nIFLOWS\nManassas Gap VA\n5.26\n0.88\nIFLOWS\nBrowntown VA\n7.13\n3.38\nIFLOWS","APPENDIX D\nWSR-88D Storm Precipitation Products:\n1. Storm Total Precipitation Map through June 27\n2. Same map as (1) but zoomed in on Madison County\nHighway 29 is also on this map.\n3. One Hour Precipitation Map for afternoon on June 27\n4. Three Hour Precipitation Map for afternoon on June 27","ACCEPTED\nHARDCOPY REQUEST\nHARDCOPY\nUNIT 1 READ DONE\n31/2027 ARCHIVE\nQUEUE EMPTY\nA/R (RDA) 231 DEG\nMAG=2X FL= 1 COM=1\nEND=06/28/95\nBEG=06/21/95\nCNTR 247DEG\nMODE\nMAX= 13.0 IN\nRDA:KLWX 38/58/30N\n06/28/95 03:07\nSTM PRECIP 80 STP\n07/31/95 20:28\n369 FT 77/28/40W\n124 NM 1.1 NM RES\n15.0\n12.0\n10.0\n>0.0\nA\n8.0\n6.0\n5.0\n4.0\n3.0\n2.5\n2.0\n1.5\n1.0\n0.6\n0.3\nND\nIN\n21\n56 NM\n03:09\n16:14\n49NM","TANTN\nNELSON\nBROGWT\nROCKIN\nSHD\nWYNEBO\nHRSNBG\nWARSAW\nBASYE\nTMBRUE\nSHENAN\nALBEMA\nSHNDAH\nGREENESTNDYL\nPAGE\nCHRLSU\nWDSTCK\nLURAY\nCHO\nRCKRUL\nFLUBLAYRA\nMAD\nMADISN\nSO\nWARRERTRYE\nSPRYUL\nRAPPHATH\nGRENOL\nCULBERPR\nLOUISA\nHADENU\nLOUISA\nRIXYUL\nDELAPL\nFAUQUI\nMRSHLL\nWARNTN\nSPOTSY\nCH\nACCEPTED\nHARDCOPY REQUEST\nHARDCOPY\nUNIT 1 READ DONE\n31/2027 ARCHIVE\nQUEUE EMPTY\nA/R (RDA) 231 DEG\nMAG=4X FL= 4 COM=1\nEND=06/28/95 03:09\nBEG=06/21/95 16:14\nCNTR 224DEG\nMODE A /\nMAX= 13.0 IN\nRDA KLWX 38/58/30N\n06/28/95 03:07\nSTM PRECIP 80 STP\n07/31/95 20:30\n369 FT 77/28/40W\n124 NM 1.1 NM RES\n15.0\n12.0\n10.0\n>0.0 IN\n8.0\n6.0\n5.0\n4.0\n3.0\n2.5\n2.0\n1.5\n1.0\n0.6\n0.3\nND\n21\n56 NM\n57NM","SHNDAH\nGREENE\nPAGE\nCHO\nSTNDVL\nRCKRUL\nMADISO\nMADISN\nGRDNUL\nORANGE\nURANGE\nCULPEP\nCU\nACCEPTED\nHARDCOPY REQUEST\nHARDCOPY\nUNIT 1 READ DONE\n31/1859 ARCHIVE\nKLWX 1854 54\nPROD RCVD : U\nQ15 R 1854\nA/R (RDA) 229 DEG\nMAG=8X FL= 1 COM=1\nMAX= 3.2 IN\nCNTR 227DEG\nMODE A\nRDA:KLWX 38/58/30N\n06/27/95 17:09\n1-HR PRECIP 78 OHP\n07/31/95 19:06\nEND=06/27/95 17:12\n369 FT 77/28/40W\n124 NM 1.1 NM RES\n>0.00 IN\n5.00\n4.00\n3.00\n2.50\n2.00\n0.20\n1.75\n1.50\n1.25\n1.00\n0.80\n0.60\n0.40\n0.10\nND\n/\n.\n21\n54 NM\n56NM\n3.5\nRPS\nR","GREENE\nPAGE\nCHO\nSTNDVL\nRCKRUL\nHARISO\nMADISH\nGRONU\nORANGE\nURANGE\nCULPEF\nCL\n3-HR PRECIP 79 THP\nEND=06/27/95 17:00\nMAX= 6.0 IN\nCNTR 227DEG\nMODE A /\nRDA : KLWX 38/58/30N\n06/27/95 17:09\n07/31/95 19:04\nMAG=8X FL= 1 COM=1\nHARDCOPY\nA/R (RDA) 229 DEG\nUNIT 1 READ DONE\n31/1859 ARCHIVE\nKLWX 1854 54\nPROD RCVD : U\nQ15 CR 1845\nACCEPTED\nHARDCOPY REQUEST\n369 FT 77/28/40W\n124 NM 1.1 NM RES\n>0.00 IN\n0.80\n0.60\n0.40\n0.20\n0.10\nND\n5.00\n4.00\n3.00\n2.50\n2.00\n1.75\n1.50\n1.25\n1.00\n21\n54 NM\n56NM\n2.5\nRPS\nR","APPENDIX E\nAftermath of Flooding:\nPictures along the Rapidan","25'35\nPicture 1: Rebuilding Federal Highway 29 where it crosses\nthe Rapidan between Madison and Greene Counties.\nPicture 2: USGS streamgage on Rapidan River in Greene County\nafter flood waters washed it off its foundation.","Picture 3: Caboose in the town of Rapidan damaged by\nflooding. Flood waters were over the top of it.\nPicture 4: NWS telemeter gage and USGS streamgage on the\nRapidan River 8 miles south of Culpeper. Record\nflood crest at this point reached 30.40 feet.","THE DAILY PROGRESS, Charlottesville, Va., Wednesday, June 28, 1995\nThe Daily Progress / Leslie Close\nWith flood waters of the Rapidan River having subsided, Virginia Department of Transportation\nemployees survey damage to the U.S. 29 bridge that connects Greene County and Madison County.\nThe Daily Progress/Leslie Close\nA pontoon boat lies wrecked on the rocky banks of waters pouring from Izac Lake, a 60-acre body of\nwater at Shenandoah Crossing Resort and Country Club in Lousia County near Gordonsville.","APPENDIX F\n1. Example Flash Flood Warning during height of event\nhighlighting the \"life threatening\" situation\n2. Example Flash Flood Statements\na. Early on the 27th\nb. Mid-day as the seriousness of the event grew","Example Flash Flood Warning\nZCZC\nWBCFFWWBC\nTTAA00 KWBC 271900\nVAC113-272100-\nBULLETIN - EBS ACTIVATION REQUESTED\nFLASH FLOOD WARNING\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC\n259 PM EDT TUE JUN 27 1995\nTHE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN WASHINGTON HAS ISSUED A\nFLASH FLOOD WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL 500 PM EDT\nFOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATION\nIN WEST CENTRAL VIRGINIA\nMADISON COUNTY\nAT 300 PM DOPPLER RADAR SHOWED A STATIONARY AND VERY PERSISTENT\nTHUNDERSTORM WITH TORRENTIAL RAINS CENTERED IN SOUTHWEST MADISON\nCOUNTY. THE THUNDERSTORM HAS RESULTED IN VERY SERIOUS FLOODING IN\nTHE COUNTY WITH RESCUE AND EVACUATION ATTEMPTS ONGOING.\nTHIS IS A LIFE THREATENING SITUATION AND PEOPLE IN MADISON\nCOUNTY PRIMARILY THE SOUTHWEST PART SHOULD SEEK HIGHER GROUND\nAWAY FROM STREAMS AND OTHER FLOOD PRONE AREAS. UNDER NO\nCIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD ANYONE ATTEMPT TO DRIVE IN FLOODED AREAS.\nA FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS OCCURRING OR IS\nIMMINENT. MOST FLASH FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. DO NOT\nATTEMPT TO CROSS BRIDGES DIPS OR LOW SPOTS IF WATER COVERS THE\nROADWAY. NEVER TRY TO CROSS A FLOWING STREAM EVEN A SMALL\nONE...ON FOOT. TO ESCAPE RISING WATER MOVE UP TO HIGHER GROUND.\nNNNN","Example Flash Flood Statement\nZCZC\nWBCFFSWBC\nTTAA00 KWBC 271026\nVAZ026>031-038>042-050>053-055>056-MDZ003>004-009-WVZ050>053-055-271300-\nFLASH FLOOD STATEMENT\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC\n620 AM EDT TUE JUN 27 1995\nFLASH FLOOD WARNINGS ARE IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EDT FOR THE FOLLOWING VIRGINIA\nCOUNTIES: ORANGE RAPPAHANNOCK FAUQUIER WARREN MADISON\nFLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR VIRGINIA MARYLAND AND THE EASTERN WEST\nVIRGINIA PANHANDLE FROM FOOTHILLS OF THE BLUE RIDGE WEST UNTIL 10 PM THIS EVENING\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATES A PERSISTENT AREA OF HEAVY\nSHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTHERN VIRGINIA THE EXTREME EASTERN\nWEST\nVIRGINIA PANHANDLE AND PORTIONS OF THE MARYLAND PANHANDLE NEAR THE BLUE RIDGE.\nTHE RAIN AREA IS NEARLY STATIONARY WITH INDIVIDUAL RAIN ELEMENTS MOVING NORTH AT\n10 TO 15 MPH.\nRAINFALL REPORTS FROM COOPERATIVE OBSERVERS AND AUTOMATED RAIN GAGES INDICATED\nTHAT 1.5 TO 2.0 INCHES OF RAIN HAS FALLEN SINCE MIDNIGHT. LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS\nCLOSER TO 3.0 INCHES ARE ESTIMATED TO HAVE FALLEN NEAR THE BLUE RIDGE.\nA POLLING OF COUNTY SHERIFFS OFFICES INDICATED THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS\nTHROUGH 615 AM:\n- MADISON COUNTY VA FLOODING WAS IN PROGRESS. DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED THAT THE\nWORST AREA IS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN HALF OF THE COUNTY.\n- RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY VA. THERE WAS A REPORT THAT A STREAM MAY BE OUT OF ITS\nBANK ALONG ROUTE 729. POLICE ARE CHECKING. THERE WAS A REPORT OF STANDING WATER\nON ROUTE 211 NEAR MASSIES CORNER.\n- WARREN COUNTY VA LOW WATER BRIDGE NEAR BENTONVILLE ALREADY HAD WATER ON IT\nFROM RAIN MONDAY. POLICE EXPECT THAT THE BRIDGE IN INUNDATED THIS MORNING. HEAVY\nRAIN IN PROGRESS.\nORANGE COUNTY VA ONE CAR WAS TRAPPED IN 3 FT OF WATER ON ROUTE 20. THE MONKEY\n-\nCREEK NEAR ROUTE 669 WAS OUT OF ITS BANK.\nADDITIONAL FLOODING AND FLASH FLOODING IS IMMINENT IN THESE AREAS. MOTORISTS ARE\nURGED TO USE EXTREME CAUTION IF YOU MUST TRAVEL THROUGH THESE COUNTIES AND BE\nPREPARED FOR BLOCKED ROADS IN LOW LYING AREAS STREAMS AND CREEKS OVERFLOWING\nTHEIR BANKS AND INUNDATED LOW WATER BRIDGES.\nPERSONS IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS SHOULD BE PREPARED TO EVACUATE TO HIGH GROUND\nSHOULD FLOODING BEGIN IN YOUR AREA. STAY TUNE TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO AND THE\nLOCAL MEDIA FOR ADDITIONAL BULLETINS.\nNNNN","Example Flash Flood Statement\nZCZC\nWBCFFSWBC\nTTAA00 KWBC 271711\nVAZ021-025 > 031 037>042-049>051-056-MDZ002>004-WVZ048>055\n272100-\nFLASH FLOOD STATEMENT\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC\n115 PM EDT TUE JUN 27 1995\nFLOODING RAINS ARE CONTINUING OVER PARTS OF VIRGINIA\nA FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 300 PM EDT FOR\nCULPEPER ORANGE .RAPPAHANNOCK WARREN FREDERICK ANDMADISON\nCOUNTIES IN VIRGINIA.\nA FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH 10 PM EDT TONIGHT FOR\nA LARGE PORTION OF WESTERN VIRGINIA. THE EASTERN PANHANDLE OF WEST\nVIRGINIA AND\nWESTERN MARYLAND.\nSHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS SOME WITH FLOODING RAIN CONTINUED IN\nTHE WARNING AREA THIS AFTERNOON. MADISON COUNTY VIRGINIA IN\nPARTICULAR HAS EXPERIENCED WIDESPREAD FLOODING WITH RAINFALL TOTALS\nEXCEEDING 8 INCHES REPORTED AT MASSIES CORNER EARLIER THIS MORNING.\nAS OF 115 PM RADAR SHOWED A NEARLY STATIONARY THUNDERSTORM\nCONTINUING OVER MADISON COUNTY. THIS THUNDERSTORM HAS AFFECTED\nTHE COUNTY SINCE EARLY THIS MORNING WITH RADAR PRECIPITATION\nESTIMATES OF 2 TO 3 INCHES PER HOUR.\nTHIS IS AN ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION IN MADISON COUNTY AND\nRESIDENTS SHOULD AVOID FLOOD PRONE AREAS AS WELL AS STREAM BEDS\nAND OTHER LOW LYING AREAS. SEEK HIGHER GROUND AND NEVER ATTEMPT TO\nDRIVE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS.\nRADAR ALSO SHOWED NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND A FEW THUNDERSTORMS\nCONTINUING OVER MUCH OF WESTERN MARYLAND EASTERN WEST\nVIRGINIA AND NORTHERN AND CENTRAL VIRGINIA. PEOPLE IN THE WATCH\nAREA SHOULD CONTINUE TO MONITOR LATER STATEMENTS OR WARNINGS\nFROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON.\nNNNN"]}