{"Bibliographic":{"Title":"National winter storms operations plan","Authors":"","Publication date":"1992","Publisher":""},"Administrative":{"Date created":"08-16-2023","Language":"English","Rights":"CC 0","Size":"0000112684"},"Pages":["QC\n959\nU.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\n.U6\nN381\n1992\nRECEIVED\nOFCM\nNOV 17 1992\n10: 30\nExecutive Affairs\nNWS-NOAA\nSTATES\nOFFICE OF THE FEDERAL COORDINATOR FOR METEOROLOGY\nNational Winter Storms\nOperations Plan\nFCM-P13-1992\nWashington, DC\nOctober 1992","THE FEDERAL COMMITTEE FOR\nMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH (FCMSSR)\nDR. JOHN A. KNAUSS, Chairman\nMR. GRANT PETERSON\nDepartment of Commerce\nFederal Emergency Management Agency\nDR. DANIEL SUMNER\nDR. LENNARD A. FISK\nDepartment of Agriculture\nNational Aeronautics and Space\nAdministration\nDR. DOMINIC J. MONETTA\nDepartment of Defense\nDR. ROBERT W. CORELL\nNational Science Foundation\nDR. ARISTIDES PATRINOS\nDepartment of Energy\nMR. WILLIAM G. LAYNOR\nNational Transportation Safety Board\nDR. HARLAN L. WATSON\nDepartment of the Interior\nVACANT\nU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission\nHON. E. U. CURTIS BOHLEN\nDepartment of State\nMR. H. MATTHEW BILLS\nEnvironmental Protection Agency\nMR. E. T. HARRIS\nDepartment of Transportation\nDR. JEFFREY PAYNE\nOffice of Management and Budget\nDR. JAMES A. ALMAZAN, Executive Secretary\nOffice of the Federal Coordinator for\nMeteorology\nTHE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR\nMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH (ICMSSR)\nDR. JAMES A. ALMAZAN, Chairman\nMR. FRANCIS SCHIERMEIER\nActing Federal Coordinator\nEnvironmental Protection Agency\nDR. NORTON D. STROMMEN\nMR. RICHARD W. KRIMM\nDepartment of Agriculture\nFederal Emergency Management Agency\nMR. ROBERT LANDIS\nDR. SHELBY TILFORD\nDepartment of Commerce\nNational Aeronautics and Space\nAdministration\nCOL GRANT AUFDERHAAR, USAF\nDepartment of Defense\nDR. RICHARD S. GREENFIELD\nNational Science Foundation\nDR. HARRY MOSES\nDepartment of Energy\nMR. JAMES SKEEN\nNational Transportation Safety Board\nMR. LEWIS T. MOORE\nDepartment of the Interior\nMR. ROBERT A. KORNASIEWICZ\nU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission\nMR. JEFFREY MACLURE\nDepartment of State\nDR. JEFFREY PAYNE\nOffice of Management and Budget\nMR. RICHARD HEUWINKEL\nFederal Aviation Administration\nDepartment of Transportation\nDR. JAMES A. ALMAZAN, Executive Secretary\nOffice of the Federal Coordinator for\nMeteorology","QC\n959\n, U6\nN381\n1992\nFEDERAL COORDINATOR\nFOR\nMETEOROLOGY\n6010 Executive Blvd., , Suite 900\nRockville, Maryland 20852\nLIBRARY\nJUL 14 2009\nNational Oceanic &\nAtmospheric Administration\nU.S. Dept. of Commerce\nNATIONAL WINTER STORMS\nOPERATIONS PLAN\nFCM-P13-1992\nWashington, D.C.\nOctober 1992","CHANGE AND REVIEW LOG\nUse this page to record changes and notices of reviews.\nChange\nPage\nDate\nInitial\nNumber\nNumbers\nPosted\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\nChanges are indicated by a vertical line in the margin next to the change.\nReview\nComments\nInitial\nDate\nii","FOREWORD\nWithin the interagency structure of the Office of the Federal Coordinator for\nMeteorology, the Working Group for Hurricane and Winter Storms Operations, operating\nunder the Committee for Basic Services, is responsible for maintaining the National Winter\nStorms Operations Plan. This plan was developed to coordinate the efforts of the Nation's\nweather services to furnish weather observations used in providing adequate and timely\nwarnings of severe winter storms along the coasts of the United States.\nThe Plan covers the period from November 1 to April 15 -- that time of year\nnormally having the highest incidence of winter storms. This version is the ninteenth edition\nof the Plan and represents a general update of information published in previous editions.\nThis edition also incorporates west coast storm tracks. These tracks were coordinated and\nflown on a test basis in February/March 1992 in support of the national \"STORMFEST\"\nproject.\nJames A. Almayam\nJames A. Almazan\nActing Federal Coordinator for\nMeteorology\niii","","TABLE OF CONTENTS\nCHANGE AND REVIEW LOG\nii\niii\nFOREWORD\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\nV\nLIST OF FIGURES\nvii\nviii\nLIST OF TABLES\nCHAPTER 1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF COOPERATING AGENCIES\n1-1\n1.1 General\n1-1\n1-1\n1.2\nResponsibilities\nCHAPTER 2 AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE\n2-1\n2-1\n2.1\nGeneral\n2-1\n2.2\nResponsibilities\n2.3\nOperational Control of Aircraft\n2-1\nReconnaissance Planning and Flight Notification\n2-1\n2.4\n2-6\n2.5\nReconnaissance Flights\nCHAPTER 3 OTHER OBSERVATIONS\n3-1\n3.1 General\n3-1\n3-1\n3.2 Satellite Observations\n3-6\n3.3\nAutomated Environmental Observations\nCHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATIONS\n4-1\n4.1.\nDepartment of Commerce\n4-1\n4-1\n4.2\nDepartment of Defense (DOD)\n4.3\nU.S. Coast Guard\n4-1\n5-1\nCHAPTER 5 PUBLICITY\n5-1\n5.1\nNews Media Releases\n5-1\n5.2 Distribution\nV","APPENDIX A ABBREVIATIONS\nA-1\nAPPENDIX B DISTRIBUTION\nB-1\nAPPENDIX C DEFINITIONS\nC-1\nAPPENDIX D RECCO FORM, CODE TABLES AND REGULATIONS\nD-1\nAPPENDIX E TEMP DROP CODE BREAKDOWN\nE-1\nAPPENDIX F EAST AND GULF COAST STORM TRACKS\nF-1\nAPPENDIX G WEST COAST STORM TRACKS\nG-2\nvi","LIST OF FIGURES\nNumber\nFigures\nPage\nFigure 2-1. Sample mission evaluation form\n2-3\nFigure 2-2. National Winter Storms Operations Plan coordination request\n2-5\nFigure 2-3. Winter Storm Plan of the Day (WSPOD) format\n2-7\nFigure 3-1.\nNDBC Buoy Locations\n3-7\nFigure 3-2.\nC-MAN Sites\n3-8\nFigure 4-1. Search and rescue circuit\n4-2\nFigure 5-1. Results of a strong winter storm--Albany, New York\n5-2\nFigure D-1. Reconnaissance code recording form (AWS Form 32)\nD-2\nFigure F-1-1. Air Force track 01\nF-2\nFigure F-1-2. Air Force track 02\nF-3\nFigure\nF-1-3. Air Force track 03\nF-4\nFigure F-1-4. Air Force track 04\nF-5\nFigure F-1-5. Air Force track 05\nF-6\nFigure\nF-1-6. Air Force track 06\nF-7\nFigure F-1-7. Air Force track 07\nF-8\nFigure F-1-8. Air Force track 08\nF-9\nFigure F-1-9. Air Force track 09\nF-10\nFigure F-1-10. Air Force track 10\nF-11\nFigure F-1-11. Air Force track 11\nF-12\nFigure F-1-12. Air Force track 12\nF-13\nFigure F-1-13. Air Force track 13\nF-14\nFigure F-1-14. Air Force track 14\nF-15\nFigure F-1-15. Air Force track 15\nF-16\nFigure F-1-16. Air Force track 16\nF-17\nFigure F-1-17. Air Force track 17\nF-18\nFigure F-1-18. Air Force track 18\nF-19\nFigure F-1-19. Air Force track 19\nF-20\nFigure F-1-20. Air Force track 20\nF-21\nFigure F-1-21. Air Force track 21\nF-22\nFigure F-1-22. Air Force track 22\nF-23\nFigure F-1-23. Air Force track 23\nF-24\nFigure F-1-24. Air Force track 24\nF-25\nFigure G-1. Air Force track 01\nG-2\nFigure\nG-2. Air Force track 02\nG-3\nFigure\nG-3. Air Force track 03\nG-4\nFigure\nG-4. Air Force track 04\nG-5\nFigure\nG-5. Air Force track 05\nG-6\nFigure G-6. Air Force track 06\nG-7\nFigure G-7.\nAir Force track 07\nG-8\nFigure G-8. Air Force track 08\nG-9\nvii","LIST OF TABLES\nNumber\nTables\nPage\nTable 2-1.\nRequirement for aircraft reconnaissance data\n2-9\nTable 3-1.\nSatellites and satellite data availability for the\nNational Winter Storms Operations Plan\n3-3\nTable 3-2.\nMoored buoy payload data\n3-9\nTable 3-3.\nData from a typical fixed C-MAN station\n3-10\nTable 4-1.\nReconnaissance organization communications capabilities\n4-3\nTable D-1.\nReconnaissance code tables\nD-3\nTable D-2.\nReconnaissance code regulations\nD-5\nviii","CHAPTER 1\nRESPONSIBILITIES OF COOPERATING AGENCIES\n1.1 General\n1.1.1 National Weather Service (NWS). The National Weather Service is responsible\nfor issuing winter weather forecasts, watches, and warnings to the public and various special\nuser groups. Its responsibilities are documented in National Weather Service Operations\nManual, Chapter A-02, \"Weather Service Mission,\" and in Chapter C-42, \"Winter Weather\nWarnings.\"\n1.1.2 U.S. Navy (USN). The U.S. Navy, through the Naval Oceanography Command\n(NAVOCEANCOM) is responsible for issuing gale, storm, and high seas warnings for fleet\noperations and Navy shore installations and Marine Corps operations and installations, as\nelaborated in the NAVOCEANCOM Instruction 3140.1 series.\n1.1.3 U.S. Air Force (USAF). The U.S. Air Force, through the local and centralized\nweather units, is responsible for issuing military weather warning advisories and point warnings\nto all Air Force and Army (including Reserve and National Guard) installations, facilities, and\noperations related to winter storms for those hazardous phenomena specified in Air Force\nRegulation 105-2, \"Operational Weather Support\".\n1.2 Responsibilities.\n1.2.1 The Department of Commerce (DOC). The DOC will\nprovide basic surface, upper air, and radar observations from its network of\nstations making such observations;\nprovide additional observations, when required, making available all reports to\nany requesting agency;\nprovide basic analyses and forecasts through the National Meteorological Center\n(NMC), Camp Springs, Maryland;\nprovide products under a multi-tier concept consisting of Weather Service\nForecast Offices (WSFO) and local Weather Service Offices (WSO) along\ncontiguous U.S. coastal areas, who will provide outlooks, statements, watches,\nand warnings when appropriate;\n1-1","provide advice on aircraft reconnaissance requirements forwarded through the\nNational Hurricane Center (NHC) to the Chief, Aerial Reconnaissance\nCoordination, All Hurricanes (CARCAH), from NMC (the NMC is the central\ncoordinating office for this program for all reconnaissance requirements);\noperate satellite systems capable of providing coverage of the coastal areas of the\ncontiguous United States during the winter storms season;\ncoordinate with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to\nobtain pertinent meteorological data from NASA research and development\nexperimental satellites;\ncoordinate with the Department of Defense (DOD) to obtain pertinent\nMeteorological data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program;\nprovide data in the form of satellite pictures for selected situations to authorized\nresearch facilities;\nfurnish aircraft from the Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) to support the\noperational reconnaissance objectives of the National Winter Storms Program\nwith\nthe primary objective to participate and provide additional real-time\nmeteorological data to operational forecasters in an attempt to improve the\nquality of forecasts associated with winter coastal storms and\nthe secondary objective to provide data that will permit analyses and a better\nunderstanding of the structure and dynamics of these winter storm systems;\nprovide oceanographic and meteorological surface data obtained from offshore\nbuoy deployment, if possible, within existing facilities; and\nprovide dissemination of weather observation data to appropriate agencies.\n1.2.2 The Department of Defense (DOD). The DOD will\nmake available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\nagencies, through the Automated Digital Weather Switch (ADWS), basic surface,\nupper air, and radar observations from those DOD stations making such\nobservations, pilot reports (PIREPs), and aircraft reports (AIREPS) that become\navailable;\n1-2","furnish to the NWS, aircraft reconnaissance observations that are within its\ncapabilities and in accordance with established reconnaissance priorities and\nspecial observations detailed in Chapter 3 of this plan;\ndesignate CARCAH as the point of contact for coordination with NMC for\naircraft reconnaissance required in support of this plan;\nprovide weather reconnaissance data monitor services to evaluate and disseminate\nreconnaissance reports;\nprovide USAF aeronautical station communications to relay reconnaissance\nreports from the aircraft to the Miami Weather Monitor; and\nprovide warnings to all DOD facilities and military units of weather that\nthreatens to inhibit their operations or to damage their installations.\n1.2.3 Department of Transportation (DOT).\n1.2.3.1 The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA will provide\nfor\nAir Traffic Control (ATC) services as appropriate to support this plan;\ndissemination of PIREPs and AIREPS and\nhourly and special weather observations at selected terminal and flight\nservice station locations.\nThe U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). The USCG will\n1.2.3.2\nprovide surface observations to NWS from its coastal facilities and\nvessels;\ninterrogate surface ships of opportunity for special weather\nobservations through the Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue\n(AMVER) system and\nprovide personnel, vessel, and communication support to the NOAA\nData Buoy Office for development, deployment, and operation of\nenvironmental data buoy systems.\n1-3","CHAPTER 2\nAIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE\n2.1 General. All Department of Commerce (DOC) winter storm reconnaissance needs will be\nrequested and provided in accordance with the procedures of this chapter. As outlined in the\nAir Force Reserve (AFRES)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\nMemorandum of Understanding, DOC has identified a requirement for, and the Department of\nDefense (DOD) maintains aircraft to support on a noninterference with primary mission basis,\nup to one operational weather reconnaissance sortie per day. In times of national emergency or\nwar, some or all DOD reconnaissance resources may not be available to fulfill DOC needs.\n2.2 Responsibilities.\n2.2.1 DOD. The DOD is responsible for providing operational aircraft for winter storm\nsynoptic tracks in response to DOC needs on a noninterference with primary mission basis.\n2.2.2 DOC. The DOC is responsible for aircraft operations that will be used (when\navailable, on request) as backup for USAF aircraft reconnaissance, for a storm or storm threat.\nAdditionally, DOC aircraft missions may be flown on storms of research interest as desired by\nthe Environmental Research Laboratories. All such flights will be listed by the Chief, Aerial\nReconnaissance Coordinator, All Hurricanes (CARCAH) in the Winter Storm Plan of the Day\n(WSPOD).\n2.3 Operational Control of Aircraft. Operational control of aircraft flying winter storm\nreconnaissance missions will remain with the operating agencies of DOC or DOD, as\nappropriate.\n2.4 Reconnaissance Planning and Flight Notification.\n2.4.1 Requirements. The National Meteorological Center (NMC) will forward sortie and\nalert needs to CARCAH through the National Hurricane Center's Tropical Satellite Analysis and\nForecasting (TSAF) Unit for tasking in the WSPOD within the responsibilities stated above.\nThe CARCAH will advise NMC of mission availability or nonavailability and expected\nresponsiveness of DOD and DOC assets. The NMC will be responsible for requesting all\nreconnaissance flights and will provide information as specified in paragraph 2.4.5. The NMC\nwill forward NWS mission requirements for the next 24-hour period (1100 UTC to 1100 UTC)\nand an outlook for the succeeding 24 hours to CARCAH not later than 1430Z each day.\nVertical observation positions will be identified by NMC through CARCAH and the WSPOD.\nCARCAH will pass all tasking, amendments and cancellations to the flying units.\n2-1","2.4.2 Change to Requirements. Changes to mission requirements will be accepted by\nCARCAH based on the following guidelines:\nEarly departures will not be requested.\nWhen notification is received more than 2.5 hours prior to scheduled aircraft\ndeparture:\nChanges to tracks normally will be limited to substitution of one track for\nanother.\nDeparture delays will be accepted provided the delay plus the flight plan time\ndoes not exceed 13.5 hours. Delays exceeding 13.5 hours may be accepted\nin extraordinary circumstances.\nWhen notification is received more than 4 hours prior to scheduled aircraft\ndeparture time, departure delay requests will be evaluated in accordance with\nappropriate flight management directives.\n2.4.3 Cancellation of Requirements. Missions should be canceled prior to aircraft\ndeparture and as much in advance as possible to allow maximum resource conservation.\nCancellation after departure may result in degradation of follow-on mission capability.\n2.4.4 Satisfaction of Requirements.\n2.4.4.1 Satisfied. Requirements are considered satisfied when an observation is\nor could have been taken (as in the case where aircraft are diverted from original track) at the\nspecified location (control point) within the interval from 30 min prior to 30 min after scheduled\ntime.\n2.4.4.2 Late Satisfied. Requirements will be considered as satisfied \"late\" when\nan observation is or could have been taken at the specified location (control point) more than 30\nmin after the scheduled time but prior to the requirement expiration time.\n2.4.4.3 No Credit. Normally, no credit will be given for early missions.\n2.4.4.4\nWritten Assessment. The requesting agency, NMC and/or a WFSO, will\nprovide CARCAH a written evaluation (Figure 2-1.) of the weather reconnaissance mission any\n2-2","DATE\nTO:\nCARCAH\nFROM:\nEVALUATION\nSUBJECT:\nMISSION\n(MISSION IDENTIFIER)\nI.\nPUBLISHED REQUIREMENTS\n1.\nCONTROL POINT AND TIME\n2.\nFLIGHT TRACK\n3.\nEXPIRATION TIME of REQUIREMENT\n4.\nMISCELLANEOUS (DROP PSNS, ALTITUDES, etc.)\nII.\nRECONNAISSANCE MISSION PERFORMANCE\nEARLY\nMISSED\n1.\nCONTROL PT TIME:\nON TIME\nLATE\nFLIGHT TRACK FLOWN:\n2.\nCOMPLETELY\nPARTIALLY\nOTHER\n3.\nHORIZONTAL DATA COVERAGE: COMPLETE\nTIMELY\nACCURATE\nINCOMPLETE\nUNTIMELY\nINACCURATE\n4.\nVERTICAL DATA COVERAGE:\nCOMPLETE\nTIMELY\nACCURATE\nINCOMPLETE\nUNTIMELY\nINACCURATE\nIII\nOVERALL MISSION EVALUATION\nOUTSTANDING\nUNSATISFACTORY\nFOR: COMPLETENESS\nACCURACY\nTIMELINESS\nEQUIPMENT\nPROCEDURES\nOTHER\nIV\nREMARKS (BRIEF BUT SPECIFIC)\nV.\nREPLY BY INDORSEMENT\nYES\nNO\n(Forecasters Signature)\nFigure 2-1. Sample mission evaluation form.\n2-3","time its timeliness and quality are outstanding or substandard . Requirements levied as \"resources\npermitting\" will not be assessed for timeliness. These assessments should be mailed to CARCAH\nat:\nCARCAH\nNational Hurricane Center\nGables One Tower, Room 631\n1320 S. Dixie Highway\nCoral Gables, Fl. 33146\n2.4.4.5 Reconnaissance Summaries. The CARCAH will maintain monthly and\nseasonal reconnaissance summaries detailing missions actually flown to satisfy levied\nrequirements.\n2.4.5 Reconnaissance Winter Storm Plan of the Day.\n2.4.5.1 Coordination. The NMC will coordinate with the appropriate National\nWeather Service (NWS) field offices as needed and provide WSPOD information (Figure 2-2.)\nto CARCAH through the TSAF unit by 1430 UTC. Direct discussion in weather situations is also\nencouraged between the Navy and NMC with respect to storms or storm threats. The East Coast\nNavy point of contact is the Naval Eastern Oceanography Center (NAVEASTOCEANCEN)\nthrough the Norfolk Command Duty Officer. The optimum time of contact is 1:30 p.m. local\ntime. The following data will be provided to CARCAH when applicable:\nTrack and flight level desired. Specify an alternate altitude to be flown\nin case the level desired is not feasible due to probable icing or other\noperational constraints.\nSelected trackpoint (control point) and time the aircraft is required at the\npoint.\nSpecial observations or dropsonde release points.\nExpiration time of requirement (time the mission is regarded as\ndropped).\nSucceeding day outlook (anticipated track, control point, control point\ntime--not earlier than).\n2-4","NWSOP COORDINATED REQUEST FOR\nAIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE\nNMC REQUEST (ACCOMPLISH ITEMS 1 AND 3 OR 2 AND 3 AND FILL IN APPROPRIATE SPACES)\nI.\n1. FLIGHT IS DESIRED\nA. CONTROL POINT AND CONTROL POINT TIME\nB. TRACK NUMBER AND ALTITUDE\nC. EXPIRATION TIME OF FLIGHT REQUEST\nD. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS (SUCH AS DROPSONDE POSITIONS)\n2. NO FLIGHT IS DESIRED OR PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FLIGHT IS CANCELED\n3. SUCCEEDING DAY OUTLOOK\nA. ANTICIPATED TRACK NUMBER\nB. CONTROL POINT AND CONTROL POINT TIME\nTSAF/CARCAH COORDINATION\nII.\n1. TSAF/INITIALS\n2. NMC FORECASTER INITIALS\n3. CARCAH DUTY OFFICER INITIALS\n4. DATE AND TIME\nTSAF DISTRIBUTION: PASS ALL AIRCRAFTRECON REQUESTS, CHANGES OR CANCELLATIONST TO CARCAH\nIII.\nIMMEDIATELY.\nFigure 2-2. National Winter Storms Operations Plan coordination request.\n2-5","2.4.5.2 Preparation. Using requirements stated by NMC, CARCAH will prepare\nthe WSPOD as required throughout the season in coordination with the DOD and DOC to effect\nmaximum useful data from available resources. Format for the WSPOD is shown in Figure 2-3.\n2.4.5.3 Dissemination. The WSPOD will be made available in message form to\nall appropriate agencies that provide support or control reconnaissance aircraft. The CARCAH\nwill be responsible for disseminating the WSPOD as soon as possible after the DOC\nrequirements, including changes, are received. Negative WSPODs will not be disseminated\nexcept to cancel a previously published requirement or outlook.\n2.4.5.4 Responsiveness.\nA. Notification of reconnaissance requirements should be made early\nenough to allow 16 hours plus enroute flying time to the control point.\nB. The succeeding day outlook portion of the WSPOD is designed to allow\nadvance notification.\nC. When circumstances do not allow the appropriate notification lead time,\nthe mission will be levied as \"resource permitting.\"\n2.5 Reconnaissance Flights.\n2.5.1 General Storm Tracks.\n2.5.1.1 East Coast and Gulf Coast. Air Force tracks 01 through 24 (Figures\nF-1-1. through F-1-24.) normally will be flown during a storm or storm threat.\n2.5.1.2 West Coast. Air Force tracks to be flown off the west coast of the U.S.\nare shown in Appendix G (Figures G-1. through G-8.).\n2.5.1.3 Airborne Diversions. Within operational limitations and with prior Air\nRoute Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) approval, airborne diversions deemed advisable by the\nairborne meteorologist may be made from these tracks.\n2.5.1.3 Permanent Changes to Tracks. Permanent changes to winter storm\nreconnaissance tracks must be coordinated with DOD and DOC and approved by the appropriate\nFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) ARTCCs at least 30 days in advance of the\nimplementation date.\n2-6","(DTG)\nO/R\nCARCAH CORAL GABLES FL/CARCAH\nFM\nTO (AFRES/NOAA APPROVED ADDRESSEES)\nBT\nUNCLAS\nTO (DTG)\nSUBJECT: RECONNAISSANCE WSPOD FM (DTG)\nFLIGHT NR ONE\n1.\n(CONTROL POINT/TIME)\nA.\n(MISSION IDENTIFIER)\nB.\n(ETD)\nC.\n(DEPARTURE POINT)\nD.\n(ENROUTE ALTITUDE)\nE.\n(TRACK)\nF.\n(EXPIRATION TIME OF REQUIREMENT)\nG.\n(DROPSONDE POSITIONS)\nH.\n(REMARKS)\nI.\nOUTLOOK FOR SUCCEEDING DAY\n2.\n(ANTICIPATED TRACK)\nA.\n(CONTROL POINT)\nB.\n(CONTROL POINT TIME)\nC.\nBT\nNNNN\nFigure 2-3. Winter Storm Plan of the Day (WSPOD) format.\n2-7","2.5.2 Flight Plans. Flight plans for reconnaissance flights will be filed with the FAA as\nsoon as practicable before departure time.\n2.5.3 Flight Levels. Reconnaissance aircraft will fly only at ARTCC assigned altitudes\nand will accept flight level changes when requested by FAA.\n2.5.4 Dropsonde Releases. Dropsonde instrument releases will be coordinated with the\nappropriate ARTCC at least 10 min before drop time except for those outside of controlled\nairspace that do not require coordination.\n2.5.5 Air Traffic Control (ATC).\n2.5.5.1 ATC Separation. ATC will provide air traffic control separation\nbetween all aircraft operating on storm missions and between storm mission aircraft\nand\nnonparticipating aircraft operating on Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) within controlled airspace.\nMission commanders should be aware that nonparticipating aircraft may be operating near storm\nareas; thus adherence to an ATC clearance is mandatory for safety purposes.\n2.5.5.2\nAssigned Altitudes. When storm aircraft cannot maintain assigned\naltitudes due to turbulence, ATC should be advised. Normal vertical separation of 1000 ft. at\nflight level (FL) 290 and below and 2000 ft above FL 290 will be provided by ATC to aircraft\noperating in the storm area. Unless otherwise coordinated with ATC, the altitudes between\nstorm-mission aircraft may be used by ATC for nonparticipating aircraft.\n2.5.5.3\nMilitary Clearance. For the east coast storms, the U.S. Navy through\nCommander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet Oceanic Aircraft Coordinator (CINCLANTFLT OAC) will\nreview the WSPOD for each proposed flight to determine if clearance into a particular area will\nbe required. For the west coast storm trails, each mission will need to be coordinated with the\nregional controlling agencies for each warning area. The reconnaissance unit flying the mission\nwill contact the appropriate clearance agencies prior to entry into any restricted airspace.\n2.5.5.4\nCoordination of Non-Standard Procedures. Any procedure desired\nby storm-mission commanders that is outside the above parameters must be coordinated with the\nappropriate ATC center.\n2.5.6 Data Requirements. Data requirements are defined in Table 2-1. Data will be\ncoded and transmitted in standard reconnaissance code (RECCO) for flight level observations\n(Appendix D) or World Meteorological Organization temporary dropsonde (WMO TEMP\nDROP) format for dropsonde soundings (Appendix E).\n2-8","Position within 20 nmi (37 km)\n+ 5 kt (2.5 m/s) (wind speed)\n+ - 10 ft. (3m) (wave length)\n5 kt (2.5 m/s) (wind speed)\n+- 10° (wind direction)\n+-10% (Wave height)\n10° (wind direction)\nAccuracy required\n+ 2 mb (200 Pa)\n+ 20m\n+. 1°C\nEvery horizontal observation at or\n**Dropsondes as specified in Plan\napproximately 300 nmi (550 km)).\nIntermediate observations will be\n(No intermediate observations\nappended to each horizontal\nHorizontal observations are\nrequired on tracks 01-08)\nof the Day (drop interval\nTime and frequency of\nspecified on the tracks.\nTable 2-1. Requirement for aircraft reconnaissance data.\nWhen available.\n*Includes dropwindsondes. If a sonde fails or vertical data are otherwise unobtainable at a specified position, make another release as soon as possible.\nbelow 700 mb\nobservations\nobservation.\n(70 kPa).\nThroughout the marine portion of\narea as defined in Chapter 1\nenvironment where data are\nAreal portion of cyclone or\nAll quadrants.\nAll sectors\nneeded\nAltitudes where data are required\n*Ocean wave heights and wave lengths will not be reported by USAF aircraft.\nAt altitudes indicated in the\nSea Surface.\nAny level.\nWSPOD.\n*Ocean wave heights and wave\nLocation and strength of radar\nlengths, sea surface wind\ntemperature, moisture,\n-pressure (heights),\nnational weather\nand winds--for\nprediction and\nmedium range\nData required\nSynoptic data\nforecasting.\nestimates\nechoes.","2.5.6.1 First Observation Remarks. A plain language remark stating the\ndeparture station (International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) four letter identifier), time\nof departure, and estimated time of arrival (ETA) at the control point will be appended to the\nfirst observation.\nEXAMPLE:\nAF987 TRACK 01 OB01\n97779\n93/// DPTD KBIX 10/0845Z ETA 37.3N 72.3W\n10/1210Z\n2.5.6.2 Last Observation Remarks. A plain language remark stating ETA\nand intended arrival station (ICAO four letter identifier), number of observations, and monitor\nthat copied observations will be appended to the last observation.\nEXAMPLE:\nNOAA2 TRACK 05 0&06\n97779\n91///\n95559\nLast Report ETA KMIA 17/2300Z OBS 01 THRU 06 TO KMIA\n2-10","CHAPTER 3\nOTHER OBSERVATIONS\n3.1 General. In addition to aerial reconnaissance data, the observational system used in\nsupport of the National Winter Storms Operations Plan includes land surface, ship, radar, buoy,\nupper air, and satellite data. The routine operations of these various data sources are detailed\nin the following Federal Meteorological Handbooks and plans:\nFederal Meteorological Handbook No. 1, Surface Observations\nFederal Meteorological Handbook No. 2, Synoptic Observations\nFederal Meteorological Handbook No. 4, Radiosonde Code\nFederal Meteorological Handbook No. 7, Weather Radar Observations\nFederal Meteorological Handbook No. 11, Doppler Radar (Part A, B, C, and D)\nOperations of the National Weather Service\nFederal Plan for Environmental Data Buoys\nThe GOES User's Guide and operational amendments\nThe NOAA Polar Orbiter Data Users Guide\nNational Operations Plan for Drifting Data Buoys\nThe Coastal Marine Automated (C-MAN) NWS Users Guide\nProcedures for obtaining special or nonroutine observations required in support of winter storm\ndetection and forecasting, while covered to some extent in these documents, are described in\ndetail in National Weather Service Operations Manual, Chapter B-90, \"Special Warning Program\nObservations.\" The chapter covers observational programs of several agencies involved. The\nonly two observational programs that will be covered in any detail here are the two data sources\nthat provide unique capabilities to support winter storm analysis and forecasting.\n3.2 Satellite Observations.\n3.2.1 Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric\nAdministration (NOAA), the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information\nService (NESDIS).\n3-1","3.2.1.1. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The\nGOES system consists of one operational satellite, GOES-7 located over the equator at 112\ndegrees west, its new designated station. Future movements of GOES-7 are being evaluated by\nNESDIS and NWS personnel. The principal GOES products (see Table 3-1) are one-half hourly\npictures with implanted grids automatically applied to all sectors. During the daylight hours,\n1, 2, 4 km resolution visible fixed standard sectors are produced, where as at night, equivalent\ninfrared sectors of the same resolution are furnished. Additionally, certain IR pictures are\nenhanced at specific times to emphasize various features. Also, 14km resolution sectors of Water\nVapor are available half-hourly.\n3.2.1.2 NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellites. NOAA-12 and NOAA-11 provide data\nfor direct readout (Automatic Picture Transmission (APT)) and High Resolution Picture\nTransmission (HRPT). These two NOAA satellites also provide data that are received,\nprocessed and disseminated via the NWS facsimile circuits. In some instances, the GOES\ndistribution system will be used to disseminate data via the Satellite Field Distribution Facilities\n(SFDF) to the Weather Service Forecast Offices (WSFOs).\nThe European Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (METEOSAT).\n3.2.1.3\nMETEOSATS have now been configured to provide coverage of the Atlantic Ocean area and\nSouth America, as well as Europe and Africa. This arrangement is referred to as Atlantic Data\nCoverage, or ADC.\nA. METEOSAT-3 (M-3) was stationed at 50 degrees West in the Fall of\n1991. Once the installation of an upgraded communications relay system to directly acquire\nMETEOSAT-3 data is in place at the Wallops, Maryland, Command and Data Acquisition\nstation (scheduled completion date of December 1992), METEOSAT-3 will begin moving to its\nnew station at 5°W. METEOSAT-3 will arrive on-station by late February 1993.\nFor meteorological application, METEOSAT-3 data are transmitted\nB.\nto the National Hurricane Center in Coral Gables, Florida, and to NESDIS' Synoptic Analysis\nBranch (SAB) and the National Meteorological Center at the NOAA Science Center in Camp\nSprings, Maryland. For further distribution, METEOSAT-3 WEFAX data are available on\nGOES-Tap.\nC. METEOSAT-3 is a viable source of data for products disseminated\nto the user. Once moved to 75°W it will emulate a GOES-East operation, supplementing\ncoverage from GOES-7 stationed at 112°W. Under the current processing and communication\nscheme, data are not distributed in real-time. However, NESDIS is currently working on a\nmechanism to convert the real-time digital data to a analog facsimile for immediate dissemination\non GOES-Tap.\n3-2","Table 3-1. Satellites and satellite data availability for the\nNational Winter Storms Operations Plan\nGeosynchronous Orbit\nSATELLITE\nTYPE OF DATA\nLOCAL TIME*\nREMARKS\nGOES-7\nVISSR/VAS\nEvery 30 min\n1.\n1, 2, and 4 km resolution visible\n(24 hours/day) Limited\nstandard sectors covering Western,\nscan for short interval\nMidwest and E. Pacific Ocean\nviewing available)\n2.\n7 km resolution equivalent IR\nstandard sectors for entire U.S.\n(night)\n3. Equivalent IR-enhanced imagery\n4.\nFull disc IR (day/night)\n5. Animated imagery\n6.\nWind analysis\n7.\nCloud top heights\n8. Rainfall/snowfall estimates\n9. Satellite information messages\n10. VAS soundings\n11. 14 km resolution water vapor\nimagery\n12. Manual/Interactive Moisture\nAnalysis\nMETEOSAT-3\nIR\nEvery 30 min (24\n1.\n5.0 km visible resolution.\nhours/day)\n2.\n5 km resolution equivalent IR.\n3. No equivalent IR-enhanced\nimagery.\nVI\nAvailable every 30 min\n4. Cloud top heights.\nfrom 1100-2330 UTC.\n5.\nRainfall/snowfall estimates.\n6. Satellite information messages.\n7. 5 km resolution water vapor\nimagery.\nWV\nEvery hour when\n8. Cloud Motion Winds.\nvisible data is available\n9. Interactive Moisture Analysis.\n(1100-2330 UTC)\n10. No Sounder.\n11. No RISOP.\n* Local time/equatorial crossing time\nDD = Daylight descending\nDA = Daylight ascending\n3-3","Table 3-1. Satellites and satellite data availability for the\nNational Winter Storms Operations Plan (continued)\nPolar Orbit\nSATELLITE\nTYPE OF DATA\nLOCAL TIME*\nREMARKS\nNOAA-12\nAVHRR GAC and LAC\n0734D/1934A\n1. Mapped digitized data (cloud cover)\n(recorded)\n2. Unmapped imagery (all data types)\nHRPT and APT (direct)\nat Direct Readout sites\nTOVS\n3.\nSea-surface temperature analysis\n4. Moisture analysis\n5. Soundings\n6. Remap GAC Sectors\nNOAA-11\n0314D/1514A\nDSMP F-11\nOLS(SGDB), SSM/T-2,\n0500D/1700A\n1.\nUnmapped imagery (DMSP sites\nSSM/I, SSM/T\nonly)\n2.\nMapped imagery (SGDB)\nF-10\nOLS(SGDB), SSM/T,\n0855D/2055A\n3.\nSnow and ice coverage\nSSM/I\n4. Precipitable water\n5. Wind speeds\nF-8\nSSM/I, Non-functional\n0625A/1825D\n6. Precipitation rates\nImaging System\n7. Moisture analysis\n* Local time/equatorial crossing time\nDD = Daylight descending\nDA = Daylight ascending\n3-4","3.2.1.4 SFDFs and the Synoptic Analysis Branch (SAB). Under the NESDIS\nsupport concept, satellite imagery in support of the National Winter Storms Operations Plan is\ndistributed by the Environmental Satellite Distribution/Interactive Processing Center at Camp\nSprings, Maryland, to the SFDFs, the SAB, and the WSFOs.\nA. The NESDIS SAB operates 24 hours/day to provide satellite data\nsupport to the National Meteorological Center (NMC). The SAB meteorologists provide satellite\ninformation to the NMC meteorologists concerning present locations and intensities of winter\nstorms and the projected speed, direction, and future intensities of these storms. The possibility\nof turbulence, icing, and precipitation amounts are also discussed. Special satellite precipitation\nestimates are transmitted via the Automation of Field Operations and Services (AFOS) system\nto all WSFOs and River Forecast Centers in the conterminous United States.\nB. Satellite support to the NWS field offices is provided by the Miami\nSFDF, Kansas City SFDF, and the San Francisco SFDF. In addition, Satellite Interpretation\nMessages (SIM) are available through the NWS AFOS communications system and the Federal\nAviation Administration's (FAA) leased Service A and Radar Report and Warning Coordination\n(RAWARC) teletype circuits. All WSFOs receive these automatically as transmitted from the\nSFDFs. The heading and issue times for the SIMs are listed below. Times are subject to\nchange and SIMs may be updated as required by changing weather.\nISSUE TIME (UTC)\nFAA\nNWS\n0000, 0600, 1300, 1800\nTBXX6 KWBC\nNFDSIMPSM\nTBXX6 KMBC\n0100, NONE, 1100, NONE\nNFDSIMASM\n0030, 0530, NONE, 1830\nMKCSIMMKC\nTBSS6 KMKC\n0300, 0900, 1500, 2000\nTBXX7 KMIA\nMIASIMMIA\nPoints of contact 24 hours/day.\n3.2.1.5\nMiami SFDF\n305-350-4460\nKansas City\n816-374-7395/7396\nSFDF\n301-763-8364\nNMC\nWashington, DC\nSAB\n301-763-8444\n3.2.2 Department of Defense (DOD) Defense Meteorological Satellite Program\n(DMSP). The DMSP routinely has two satellites collecting meteorological imagery and vertical\ntemperature profile data. One satellite is in an early morning-early evening orbit with\n3-5","approximately 0500/1700 local equator crossing time. The second is in a mid-morning/mid-\nevening orbit with approximately 0900/2100 local equator crossing time. The DMSP data\ncapabilities in the area of concern are provided in Table 3-1. Special requests for DMSP\nsupport will be addressed to CARCAH.\n3.3 Automated Environmental Observations\n3.3.1 General. Moored buoys in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, and\nGreat Lakes obtain data on meteorological and oceanographic parameters for operational and\nresearch purposes. See Figure 3-1 for the location of moored buoys. Coastal Marine\nAutomated Network (C-MAN) stations provide additional marine observations. See Figure 3-2.\nfor locations of C-MAN sites. The status and capability of data buoys can be obtained from the\nData Systems Division, National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), Stennis Space Center, MS 39529;\ntelephone 601-688-2836.\n3.3.2 Moored Data Buoys and Coastal Marine Automated Network.\n3.3.2.1 Procedures. Moored buoy and C-MAN stations routinely acquire and\ntransmit data every hour. Buoy observations include sea-level pressure, wind speed and\ndirection, air temperature, sea-surface temperature, significant wave height and period, and wave\nspectral data. Reports from C-MAN locations typically include sea-level pressure, wind speed\nand direction, and air temperature. Some C-MAN stations measure sea-surface temperature, tide\nlevel, significant wave height and period, and wave spectral data. A description of the data from\na typical moored buoy payload is provided in Table 3-2. Data from a typical C-MAN station are\nshown in Table 3-3.\n3.3.2.2 Communications. Data are transmitted by ultra high frequency (UHF)\ncommunications via the GOES satellite to NESDIS and then are relayed to National Weather\nService Telecommunications Gateway (NWSTG) for processing and dissemination. Data from\nbuoys are formatted into World Meteorological Organization (WMO) FM13-IX ship code and\nfrom CMAN sites in FM12-IX synoptic code.\n3.3.3 Drifting Data Buoys.\n3.3.3.1 Procedures. These buoys are deployed by ship or aircraft in data-sparse\nareas. Their movements are largely dependent upon ocean currents. Data obtained can include\nposition, sea-level pressure, wind speed and direction, air temperature, and sea-surface and\nsubsurface temperature.\n3.3.3.2 Communications. Data are transmitted by UHF communications via the\nNOAA polar-orbiting satellites to NESDIS ground receiving stations and then relayed to the U.S.\nArgos Global Processing Center in Landover, Maryland for processing and dissemination to the\nNWSTG. Data from drifting buoys are formatted into WMO FM14-IX DRIBU code.\n3-6","NDBC BUOY LOCATIONS\nMoored Buoy Stations\nCANADA\nPermanent - NWS\nOther Agencies\nDevelopmental - NDBC\nWIS\nMICH\nPERU\n1300\n1200\nMKB 8/92\nFigure 3-1. Map showing the location of NDBC moored buoys and USCG\nNavigational Buoys. Most stations denoted by A are temporery buoys supported by\nother agencies for specific projects and time periods.\n3-7","C-MAN SITES\nW-1\nW-5\nE-6\nW-6\nW-2\nC-4\nE-8\nC-1\nC-5\nE-17\nW-3\nB-1\nE-7\nE-15\nE-16\nW-7\nC-2\nB-6\nB-3\nE-3\nE-13\nB-4\nNO.\nSTATION\nNO. STATION\nW-1\nSMITH ISLAND, WA\nS-1\nCAPE SAN BLAS, FL\nB-7\nW-2\nWEST POINT, WA\nE-1\nS-2\nSABINE, TX\nE-12\nW-3\nC-3\nNEWPORT OR\nS-3\nSOUTHWEST PASS, LA\nW-4\nPOINT ARGUELLO, CA\nS-4\nPORT ARANSAS, TX\nB-5\nE-2\nW-5\nTATOOSH ISLAND, WA\nS-5\nST. AUGUSTINE, FL\nNO. STATION\nW-6\nDESTRUCTION ISLAND, WA\nS-6\nGRAND ISLE, LA\nE-1\nDUNKIRK, NY\nW-7\nCAPE ARAGO, OR\nE-5\nS-7\nMOLASSES REEF, FL\nW-8\nE-2\nSOUTH BASS ISLAND, OH\nW-8\nPOINT ARENA, CA\nS-8\nSAVANNAH L.S., GA\nE-3\nGALLOO ISLAND, NY\nE-14\nB-2\nS-9\nVENICE, FL\nE-4\nFOLLY ISLAND, SC\nB-1\nPORTLAND, ME\nS-10 SETTLEMENT POINT, GBI\nE-5\nCHESAPEAKE L.S., VA\nB-2\nSAN FRANCISCO, CA\nE-11\nS-11\nDAUPHIN ISLAND, AL\nE-6\nMOUNT DESERT ROCK, ME\nB-3\nNANTUCKET, MA\nS-12 SOMBRERO KEY, FL\nE-10\nE-7\nISLES OF SHOALS, NH\nB-4\nST. GEORGES REEF, CA\nS-13 FOWEY ROCKS, FL\nE-8\nMATINICUS ROCK, ME\nB-5\nFIVE FATHOM, NJ\nW-4\nS-14 SAND KEY, FL\nE-9\nFRYING PAN SHOALS L.S., NC\nB-6\nBOSTON, MA\nS-15 IOWA ROCK, FL\nE-9\nE-10 CAPE LOOKOUT, NC\nB-7\nBLUNTS REEF, CA\nS-16 LONG KEY, FL\nE-11 DIAMOND SHOALS L.S., NC\nE-4\nE-12 AMBROSE L.S., NY\nC-1\nROCK OF AGES, MI\nE-13 BUZZARDS BAY L.S., MA\nC-2\nDEVILS ISLAND, WI\nE-14 THOMAS POINT, MD\nS-8\nC-3\nSHEBOYGAN, WI\nE-15 THOUSAND ISLAND BRIDGE, NY\nC-4\nPASSAGE ISLAND, WI\nE-16\nALEXANDRIA BAY, NY\nC-5\nSTANNARD ROCK, MI\nS-5\nE-17\nSUPERIOR SHOALS, NY\nS-11\nS-1\nNO. STATION\nS-3\nA-1\nFIVE FINGER, AK\nS-2\nS-6\nS-9\nS-10\nS-16\nS-13\nS-4\nE EASTERN\nS-15\nS-7\nS SOUTHERN\nS-12\nA-1\nPERMANENT NWS\nS-14\nC CENTRAL\nOTHER AGENCIES\nW WESTERN\nA ALASKAN\nPLANNED SITES\nB LNB/ELB\nMKB 8/92\nFigure 3-2. Map showing the location of NDBC fixed C-MAN stations in North\nAmerica, including USCG Navigational Buoys.\n3-8","+ 1m/s or 10%\nI 1m/s or 10%\nI 0.2 m or 5%\nTotal System\nAccuracy\nI 1 Hpa\n+ 1 sec\n+ 1°C\n+ 1°C\n+ 10°\nI 5%\n+ 6%\nI 5°\n---\n8-10 min**\n8-10 min**\n8-10 min**\n8-10 min\n8-10 min\n8-10 min\n8-10 min\n8-10 min\nSample\n20 min\n20 min\n20 min\n20 min\nPeriod\nTable 3-2. Moored buoy payload data.\n0.39 sec\n0.39 sec\n0.39 sec\nInterval\nSample\n0.5 sec\n90 sec\n1 sec\n1 sec\n1 sec\n4 sec\n1 sec\n1 sec\n1 sec\n0.5 Watt/M2\nResolution\nReporting\n0.01 Hz\n0.01 Hz\n0.1 m/s\n0.1 hPa\n0.1 sec\n0.1 m\n1 m/s\n0.1°C\n0.1°C\n0.1%\n1°\n0 to 2150 Watts/M2\n** Continuous winds measured on selected buoys\n0.03 to 0.40 Hz\n900 to 1100hPa\n0.03 to 0,35 Hz\n-40° to 50°C\n0 to 62 m/s\n0 to 82 m/s\n-7° to 41°C\n3 to 30 sec\n0 to 100%\nReporting\n0 to 35 m\n0 to 360°\n* Parameter reported on selected buoys\nRange\nSurface Water\nSignificant Wave\nNondirectional wave\nBarometric pressure\nDirectional Waves*\nRelative Humidity*\nAir Temperature\nSolar Radiation*\nWind Direction\nTemperature\nWave Period\nWind Speed\nPeak Wind\nParameter\nspectra\nHeight","I 2.0 kt or 5%\nI 2.0 kt or 5%\n0.5 m or + 5%\n0.2 m or + 5%\nTotal System\n+ 1.0 hPa\nAccuracy\n+ 1.0°C\n+ 1.0°C\n+ 0.1 ft\n+ 1 sec\n+ 10°\nTable 3-3. Data from a typical fixed C-MAN station.\nAveraging*\n20 min\n20 min\n20 min\nPeriod\n2 min\n2 min\n2 min\n2 min\n2 min\n1 min\n3 min\nResolution\nReporting\n0.1 hPa\n.01 Hz\n0.01 ft\n0.1°C\n1.0 kt\n1.0 kt\n0.1°C\n0.1 m\n1 sec\n1.0°\n900 to 1100 hPa\n0.01 to 0.40 Hz\n-5° to +40°C\n2.5 to 35 sec\n0 to 99.99 ft\n-40 to 50°C\n0 to 120 kt\n0 to 160 kt\n0° to 360°\nReporting\n0 to 35 m\nRange\nPeak Wind (Highest 5 S running average)\nNot measured at all C-MAN stations\nNon-directional Wave Spectra**\nAll sampling rates 1 Hz\nSea Surface Temperature**\nSignificant Wave Height**\nBarometric Pressure\nAir Temperature\nWind Direction\nWave Period**\nWater Level**\nWind Speed\nParameter\n*","CHAPTER 4\nCOMMUNICATIONS\n4.1. Department of Commerce.\n4.1.1 National Weather Service (NWS). All communication systems of the NWS are\nused in support of the data collection and warning program given in the plan (see Table 4.1).\nThese communication systems are described in the publication, Operations of the National\nWeather Service.\n4.1.2 Aircraft Operations Center (AOC). The AOC may use the communications\nfacilities of the Air Force described in Paragraphs 4.2.1 and 4.2.2.\n4.2 Department of Defense (DOD).\n4.2.1 Air Force. The Air Force's Automated Weather Distribution System (AWDS) will\nbe used for collection and dissemination of winter storms information received from the Weather\nService Forecast Office, Washington. The Air Force's Automated Digital Weather System\n(ADWS) will be used for the exchange of data between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric\nAdministration and the Air Force.\n4.2.2 Weather Reconnaissance. Weather reconnaissance observations will be transmitted\nvia satellite down link, checked for accuracy and then entered into the Air Force Automated\nWeather Switch. When the aircraft-to-satellite data link is inoperative, observations will be\ntransmitted using high frequency single sideband radio to the Miami Weather Monitor. A\nsummary of reconnaissance communication capabilities by organization is listed in Table 4.1.\n4.2.3 U.S. Navy. The Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System (NODDS), the\nAutomated Digital Network (AUTODIN), and the Naval Environmental Data Network (NEDN)\nwill be used to disseminate gale, storm and high seas warnings. The Fleet Numerical\nOceanography Center/National Meteorological Center Data Link (FNDL) will be used for\nexchange of data between NWS and the Navy.\n4.3 U.S. Coast Guard. The Coast Guard operates numerous activities that routinely report\nor collect meteorological data. Those units that will provide data inputs for this program are\nCoast Guard communications facilities at Boston, Massachusetts; Portsmouth, Virginia; Miami,\nFlorida; New Orleans, Louisiana; and San Juan, Puerto Rico. These facilities collect Automated\nMutual Assistance Vessel Rescue (AMVER) and METEO messages from merchant vessels on\na routine basis. The METEO data are then passed directly to the NMC over various\nteletypewriter circuits such as GT7990. Figure 4-1 shows the applicable east coast commands\nthat have terminations on this circuit.\n4-1","CCGDONE BOSTON. MASS.\nCG Communications\nStation, Boston, Mass.\nCA/CCGDTHREE/AMVER\nNew York, N.Y.\n(Commander Atlantic Area)\nWBC, Suitland, Md.\nUSCG Headquarters\nWashington, D.C.\nCCGDFIVE, Portsmouth, Va.\nCG Communications Stations, Portsmouth, Va.\nCCGDEIGHT,\nNEW ORLEANS, LA.\nCCGDSEVEN, Miami, Fla.\nCG Radio Station. Miami, Fla.\nCG Radio Station,\nCG Radio Station,\nSan Juan, Puerto Rico\nNew Orleans, La.\nFigure 4-1. Search and rescue circuit.\n(Operational Digital Network ADT 64941)\nAll stations except WBC have send and receive capability.\n4-2","Table 4-1 Reconnaissance organization communications capabilities.\nSTATION\nADDRESS\nTELETYPE TELEPHONE\nFederal Coordinator\nSuite 900,\nDSN 851-1460\nfor Meteorology\n6010 Executive Blvd.\n301-770-3464\n(OFCM)\nRockville, MD 20852\nCARCAH/Miami Monitor\nNational Hurricane Center\nABC\n305-661-5076\nGables One Tower, Rm. 631\nDSN 434-3420\n1320 S. Dixie Highway\nCoral Gables, FL\nNational Hurricane\nGables One Tower\nABC\n305-667-3108\nCenter\n1320 Dixie Highway\nCoral Gables, FL\nAlternate National\nNMC/Meteorological Operations Division\nABC\n301-763-8201\nHurricane Center\nWashington, DC\nCentral Pacific\nP.O. Box 29879\nC\n808-836-1831\nHurricane Center\nHonolulu, HI\nNaval Eastern\nNAVEASTOCEANCEN\nA\nDSN 564-7750/3770\nOceanography Center\nNorfolk, VA\n804-444-7750/3770\nNaval Western\nNAVWESTOCEANCEN\nA\nDSN 315-471-0145\nOceanography Center\nPearl Harbor, HI\n808-471-0145\nAircraft Operations\nAOC\nDSN 894-1600\nCenter\nMiami, FL\n305-526-2936\nAF Global\nAFGWC\nDSN 271-2586\nWeather Central\nOffutt AFB, NE\n402-291-2586\nFACSFAC VACAPES\nFACSFAC VACAPES,\nDSN 433-2851\nOAC\nOceana, VA\n(804) 433-2851 x-233\n815 AS\n815 AS\nA\nAV 597-2409/4318\nKeesler AFB, MS\n601-377-2409/4318\nA - COMEDS/AWDS\nB AFTN\nC AFOS\n4-3","CHAPTER 5\nPUBLICITY\n5.1 News Media Releases. News media releases, other than warnings and advisories, for the\npurpose of informing the public of the operational and research activities of the Departments of\nCommerce, Defense, and Transportation should reflect the joint effort of these agencies by\ngiving due credit to the participation of other agencies.\n5.2 Distribution. Copies of these releases, along with any pertinent pictures, (see Figure 5-1)\nshould be forwarded to the following agencies:\nNOAA Office of Public Affairs\nHerbert C. Hoover Building\n14th and Constitution Avenue, N.W.\nWashington, DC 20230\nCommander, Naval Oceanography Command\nStennis Space Center, MS 39529-5000\nHq Air Force Reserve (AFRES/PA)\nRobins AFB, GA 31093\nChief, Environmental Services Division (J-3)\nThe Joint Chiefs of Staff\nWashington, DC 20318-3000\nFederal Aviation Administration (APA-310)\n800 Independence Avenue, S.W.\nWashington, DC 20591\nFederal Coordinator for Meteorology\nSuite 900, 6010 Executive Boulevard\nRockville, MD 20852\n5-1","Figure 5-1. Results of a strong winter storm--Albany, New York.\n5-2","APPENDIX A\nABBREVIATIONS\n-A-\nAutomated Digital Weather Switch/System\nADWS\nAir Force (U.S. Air Force)\nAF\nAir Force Base\nAFB\nAir Force Communications Command\nAFCC\nAir Force Global Weather Central\nAFGWC\nAutomation of Field Operations and Services\nAFOS\nAir Force Reserve\nAFRES\nAeronautical Fixed Telecommunications\nAFTN\nAir to Ground\nA/G\nAirmen's Meteorological Information Bulletin\nAIRMET\nAircraft Report\nAIREP\nAutomated Mutual Assistance Vessel\nAMVER\nAircraft Operations Center\nAOC\nAutomatic Picture Transmission\nAPT\nAeronautical Radio, Incorporated\nARINC\nAir Route Traffic Control Center\nARTCC\nAir Traffic Control\nATC\nAutomated Digital Network (DOD)\nAUTODIN\nAutomated Voice Network (DOD)\nAUTOVON\nAUTOVON (Also Defense Switched Network (DSN))\nAV\nAdvanced Very High Resolution Radiometer\nAVHRR\nAutomated Weather Network\nAWN\n-C-\nCelsius\nC\nCommander, Atlantic Area (USCG)\nCA\nChief, Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination,\nCARCAH\nAll Hurricanes\nCommittee for Basic Services (OFCM)\nCBS\nCommander, Coast Guard District\nCCGD\nCoast Guard\nCG\nCommander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet\nCINCLANTFLT\nCoastal - Marine Automated Network\nC-MAN\nCONUS Meteorological Data System (USAF)\nCOMEDS\nContinental United States\nCONUS\nA-1","-D-\nDA\nDaylight Ascending\nDet\nDetachment\nDMSP\nDefense Meteorological Satellite Program\nDOC\nDepartment of Commerce\nDOD\nDepartment of Defense\nDOT\nDepartment of Transportation\nDRSR\nDirect Readout Scanning Radiometer\nDTG\nDate Time Group\n-E-\nESSA\nEnvironmental Science Services\nETA\nEstimated Time of Arrival\nETD\nEstimated Time of Departure\n-F-\nFAA\nFederal Aviation Administration\nFCMSSR\nFederal Committee for Meteorological Services\n& Supporting Research\nFL\nFlight Level\nFNDL\nFleet Numerical Oceanography Center/National\nMeteorological Center Data Link\nFT\nFoot, Feet\nFSS\nFlight Service Station\nFTS\nFederal Telecommunications System\n-G-\nGA\nGlobal Area Coverage\nGCCS\nGlobal Command and Control System (USAF)\nGOES\nGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite\n-H-\nHF\nHigh Frequency\nHr\nHour\nHRPT\nHigh Resolution Picture Transmission\n-I-\nICAO\nInternational Civil Aviation Organization\nA-2","Interdepartmental Committee for Meteorological\nICMSSR\nServices and Supporting Research\n-K-\nKilometer(s)\nKm\nKilopascal\nkPa\nKnot(s)\nkt\n-L-\nLocal Area Coverage\nLAC\nLight Fine\nLF\n-M-\nmeter(s)\nm\nMETEOSAT-3\nM-3\nMilitary Airlift Command\nMAC\nmillibar(s)--see kPa\nmb\nCable Address for Ships\nMETEO\nEuropean Geostationary Meteorological\nMETEOSAT\nSatellites\n(statute) mile(s)\nmi\nminute(s)\nmin\nmile(s) per hour\nmph\nMeteorological Services Division\nMSB\nmeter(s) per second\nm/s\n-N-\nNational Space and Aeronautics Administration\nNASA\nNaval Eastern Oceanography Center\nNAVEASTOCEANCEN\nNaval Oceanography Command\nNAVOCEANOCOM\nNaval Oceanography Command Detachment\nNAVOCEANCOMDET\nNaval Oceanography Command Facility\nNAVOCEANCOMFAC\nNaval Western Oceanography Center\nNAVWESTOCEANCEN\nNational Warning System\nNAWAS\nNational Data Buoy Center\nNDBC\nNational Environmental Satellite, Data,\nNESDIS\nand Information Service\nNaval Environmental Data Network\nNEDN\nNational Hurricane Center\nNHC\nNational Meteorological Center\nNMC\nnautical miles(s)\nnmi\nA-3","NOAA\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\nNODDS\nNaval Oceanographic Data Distribution System\nNSSFC\nNational Severe Storms Forecast Center\nNSSL\nNational Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA)\nNWSTG\nNational Weather Service Telecommunications Gateway\n-0-\nOAC\nOceanic Aircraft Coordinator (USN)\nOFCM\nOffice of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology\nONR\nOffice of Naval Research\n-\nOSV\nOcean Station Vessel\n-\n-P-\nPa\nPascal\nPIREP\nPilot Report\n-R-\nRAREP\nRadar Report\nRECCO\nReconnaissance Code\n-S-\nSAB\nSynoptic Analysis Branch\nSAR\nSearch and Rescue\nSARLANT\nSearch and Rescue Atlantic Circuit\nSCAT\nSatellite Cloudtop and Tropopause\nSFSS\nSatellite Field Service Station\nSIGMET\nSignificant Meteorological Information\nSSB\nSingle Sideband\nSSC\nStennis Space Center\nSSM/I\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Imagery\n-T-\nTOVS\nTIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder\n-U-\nUHF\nUltra High Frequency\nUSA\nUnited States Army\nUSAF\nUnited States Air Force\nA-4","USCG\nUnited States Coast Guard\nUSN\nUnited States Navy\nUTC\nUniversal Coordinated Time (Z)\n-V-\nVISSR Atmospheric Sounder\nVAS\nVISSR\nVisible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer\n-W-\nWBC\nIdentifier for NMC\nWG\nWorking Group\nWG/HWSO\nWorking Group Hurricane and Winter\nStorms Operations (OFCM)\nWMO\nWorld Meteorological Organization\nWRS\nWeather Reconnaissance Squadron\nWS\nWeather Squadron (USAF)\nWSFO\nWeather Service Forecast Office\nWeather Service Office\nWSO\nWinter Storm Plan of the Day\nWSPOD\nWW\nWeather Wing (USAF)\n-Z-\nZ\nZulu Time (UTC)\nA-5","APPENDIX B\nDISTRIBUTION\nDEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE\nMr John Bunting, Regional Office of Audits\n1\nNATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION\nAsst Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal\n1\nZone Management (N)\nDirector, Office of Public Affairs, NOAA (PA)\n2\nDirector, Office of Meteorology W(OM)\n1\nChief, Warning and Forecast Branch\n20\nDirector, National Climate Program (CSCP)\n1\nDirector, Office of Climate and Atmospheric Research (R)\n1\nDirector, Office of NOAA Corps (NC)\n1\nDirector, Program Development and Coordination Staff (R/PDC)\n1\nNOAA Library\n4\nDirector, National Meteorological Center\n5\nChief, Development Division, NMC\n1\nChief, Satellite Services Division, NESDIS (E SP2)\n1\nDirector, National Data Buoy Center\n3\nDirector, National Hurricane Center\n5\nDirector, NWS Eastern Region\n20\nDirector, NWS Central Region\n2\nDirector, NWS Southern Region\n5\nDirector, NWS Western Region\n2\nWSFO, Boston, MA\n1\nWSFO, San Juan, PR\n1\nWSFO, San Francisco, CA\n1\nWSFO, New Orleans, LA\n5\nDirector, Office of Aircraft Operations\n5\nDirector, Environmental Research Laboratories (R/E)\n1\nDirector, Environmental Research Laboratories (Boulder)\n3\nDirector, Environmental Research Laboratories (Miami)\n3\nDirector, National Climatic Data Center\n2\nDeputy Asst Administrator for Information Services (E)\n10\nAsst Admin for Environmental Satellite, Data, and\n1\nInformation Services (FB4)\nNOAA Budget Officer, Office of Management and Budget\n1\nB-1","DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE\nDEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE\nHQ USAF/XOWX\n4\nAQ AMC/XOW\n2\nHQ AWS/DO\n6\nHQ USAF/XOOOW\n1\nAWS Technical Library\n1\nHQ PACAF/DOW\n1\n374 OSS/WE\n1\n15 WS/CC\n1\nHQ USAFE/DOW\n1\nHQ USSTRATCOM/J-315\n1\nHQ ATC/DOTW\n1\nHQ AFSPACECOM/DOW\n1\nHQ AFMC/DOW\n1\n45 WS/CC\n1\nHQ ACC/DOW\n1\nAFGWC/DO\n5\nDet 7, AFGWC\n1\nHQ AFRES/DOTM\n3\nHQ 4AF/DO\n3\n403 AW/DO\n2\n815 AS/DO\n2\n815 WF\n35\n3350 TCHTG/TTGU-W\n1\nPhillips Lab/GP\n1\nCARCAH (OLA, 815 AS)\n10\nDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY\nHq Department of the Army/DAMI-POI\n2\nDEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY\nNRL SSC\n1\nCommandant of the Marine Corps (DC/S Aviation)\n5\nOceanographer of the Navy\n2\nCommanding Officer, Naval Oceanographic Officer\n50\nCINCLANTFLT FACSFAC VACAPES, OAL\n1\nCommander, Naval Air Systems Command\n1\nCommander, Tactical Wing Atlantic\n1\nCommanding Officer, NAVEASTOCEANCEN\n1\nB-2","CINCLANT (J37)\n1\nCINCCANTFLT (N37, N526)\n2\nNRL Monterey\n1\nMr William F. Cross, ONR\n1\nOFFICE OF THE JOINT CHIEF OF STAFF\nThe Joint Staff/Director (J33 & J36)\n2\nDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION\nFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION\nFT Worth ARTCC\n3\nBoston ARTCC\n3\nSeattle ARTCC\n3\nAtlanta ARTCC\n3\nLos Angeles ARTCC\n3\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Nashua, NH\n1\nFAA Regional Air Traffic Division, ANE-500, Burlington MA\n1\nFAA Regional Air Traffic Division Manager, AEA-500, NY\n1\nFAA Air Traffic Manger, LI, NY\n3\nFAA ATM 200, Washington DC\n5\nFAA Air Traffic Service, ATR-130\n12\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Leesburg, VA\n3\nFAA Air Traffic Division, ASO-500, Atlanta, GA\n1\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Hillard, FL\n3\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Miami ARTCC\n3\nFAA Regional Traffic Division, ASW-500\n1\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Houston, TX\n3\nFAA Regional Air Traffic Division, AWP-500, LA, CA\n1\nFAA Air Traffic Manager (TMO, NWS, MLS) Albuquerque, NM\n3\nFAA Air Traffic Manager, Fremont, CA\n3\nFAA Regional Air Traffic Division, ANW-500, Renton, WA\n1\nU.S. COAST GUARD\nCommandant, USCG Headquarters (NIO)\n1\nCommandant, USCG Headquarters (G-OIO)\n1\nCommandant, USCG (G-TGC-1)\n1\nCommander, Atlantic Area, USCG\n1\nCommander, First Coast Guard District\n1\nCommander, Fifth Coast Guard District\n2\nCommander, Seventh Coast Guard District\n2\nB-3","Commander, Eighth Coast Guard District\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Reserve Training Center\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Aviation Training Center\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Air Station, Otis AFB, MA\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Air Station, Opa Locka , FL\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Air Station, Floyd Bennett\n1\nField, Brooklyn, NY\nCommanding Officer, USCG Air Station, New Orleans, LA\n1\nCommanding Officer, USCG Air Station, Elizabeth City, NJ\n1\nCommander, Pacific Area, U.S.C.G. (PO), Alemeda, CA\n1\nDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\nDr Thomas J. Jackson, USDA/ARS\n1\nDEPARTMENT OF STATE\nMr. Jeffrey Maclure\n1\nDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR\nChief, Science and Technology Staff\n1\nMr Lewis T. Moore, Bureau of Reclamation\n1\nFEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY\nNational Preparedness Programs\n1\nNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION\nHead, Atmospheric Research Section\n1\nDr Ronald C. Taylor, Director, Meteorology Program\n1\nNATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION\nMr John W. Kaufman, Atmospheric Sciences Division, MSFC\n1\nB-4","OTHER U.S.\nGSA Fed Intro CTR\n1\nDr Richard A. Dirks, GALE Project Office, NCAR\n1\nDr Carl W. Kreitzberg, ERICA Project Office, Drexell\n2\nRoddenbery Memorial Library, Cairo, GA\n1\nDr Robert E. Morrison, Congressional Research Service,\n1\nLibrary of Congress\nUniversity of Chicago Library, The Joseph Regenstein Library\n1\nNatural Hazards Research & Applications Information\n1\nCenter, University of Colorado\nGOVERNMENT OF CANADA\nOfficer in Charge, METOC Centre, Maritime Command\n1\nHeadquarters, Halifax, NS\nDirector, Canadian Meteorological Centre, Downsview, ON\n1\nBase Meteorological Officer, CFB Greenwood, NS\n1\nBase Meteorological Officer, CFB Summerside, PE\n1\nUNITED KINGDOM\nDr S.J. Caughey, Assistant Director, Head of Defence\n1\nServices, Meteorological Office\nB-5","APPENDIX C\nDEFINITIONS\nArea of Concern. The geographic area of concern for the National Winter Storms Operations\nPlan covers the Gulf of Mexico extending about 150 mi inland along the U.S. Gulf\nCoast. 0 In the Atlantic, the area of concern ranges from latitudes 25 N to 48 N, west\nof longitude 55 W, extending about 150 mi inland along the eastern coast of the United\nStates. Areas for Storm reconnaissance off the west coast are being coordinated by\nAFRES and NOAA for testing during the winter of 1991-92.\nBlizzard Warning. A blizzard warning is a headline carried in NWS forecasts and special\nweather statements that serves notice to the public of a high probability for the\noccurrence of blizzard conditions (sustained or gust wind speeds of 35 mph or more,\nconsiderable falling and/or blowing snow causing poor visibility, frequently less than\none-fourth mile).\nFreezing Rain (or Drizzle). The freezing of rain or drizzle on objects as it strikes them.\nWinter storm warnings should be reserved for occasions when significant, and possibly\ndamaging, accumulations of ice are expected. However, even small amounts are\nextremely dangerous to traffic when encountered unexpectedly, and these conditions\nfrequently require the issuance of a travelers' advisory.\nHeavy Snow Warning. A heavy snow warning, carried in NWS forecast and special weather\nstatements, serves notice to the public of a high probability for the occurrence of heavy\nsnow (four inches or more accumulation in 12 hours or six or more accumulation in 24\nhours in most areas of the country, but some variation in the snowfall criterion is\nallowable on a regional basis).\nIce Storm Warning. This product may be issued when significant ice accumulations are\nexpected and no other winter storm element is expected to occur.\nMission Identifier. The nomenclature assigned to winter storm aircraft reconnaissance missions\nfor weather data identification. It comprises an agency-aircraft indicator followed by a\nCARCAH-assigned mission-system indicator.\nReconnaissance Aircraft Sortie. A flight that meets the requirements of the winter storm plan\nof the day.\nC-1","Sleet. One form of ice pellet. Generally, solid grains of ice that form from the freezing of\nraindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes. Sleet, like small hail, usually\nbounces when hitting a hard surface. Heavy sleet is a fairly rare event in which the\nground is covered to a depth of significance to motorists and others.\nStorm Fix. For winter storms the process of determining overall synoptic features for a cyclone\nby flying a track as coordinated with the tasking agency.\nWinter Storm Outlook. This product may be issued when there is a good chance of a major\nwinter storm beyond the point normally covered by a watch. The intent of an outlook\nis to provide information to those who need considerable lead time to prepare for the\nevent (i.e. 36 to 72 hours).\nWinter Storm Plan of the Day. A coordinated mission plan that tasks operational weather\nreconnaissance requirements during the next 050OZ to 050OZ day; describes\nreconnaissance flights committed to satisfy operational requirements and identifies\npossible reconnaissance requirements for the succeeding 24-hour period.\nWinter Storm Warning. A Winter Storm Warning is a headline carried in NWS forecasts and\nspecial statements. It is issued when hazardous weather or a hydrologic event is\noccurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurrence. A warning is used\nfor conditions posing a threat to life or property. The warning is issued for the same\nevents (except for blizzard conditions) that serve as a basis for the issuance of a winter\nstorm watch. An exception may be made in three special situations: one is the heavy\nsnowfall that often occurs along the lee of the Great Lakes, two is locally heavy\norographic snowfall in mountainous terrain, and the third when freezing precipitation is\nthe only element expected. When any of these conditions cannot be directly connected\nto a synoptic-scale winter storm, the headlines Heavy Snow Warning and Ice Storm\nWarning may be used in forecasts.\nWinter Storm Watch. A Winter Storm Watch is a headline carried in NWS forecasts and\nspecial statements. It is used when the risk of a hazardous weather or hydrologic event\nhas increased significantly, but its occurrence, location, and/or timing is still uncertain.\nIt is intended to provide enough lead time SO those who need to set their plans in motion\ncan do so. The watch will cover the possible occurrence of the following elements,\neither separately or in combination: blizzard conditions, heavy snow (or light snow in\nareas where snow is relatively rare), accumulations of freezing rain or freezing drizzle,\nand/or heavy sleet.\nWinter Weather Advisories. Event-specific advisories are used to describe conditions that do\nnot constitute a serious enough hazard to warrant a warning for the general public but;\nnevertheless, pose a significant threat to specified users. They are highlighted in\nforecasts and statements. These types of advisories include snow (less than 4 in),\nblowing snow, wind chill, freezing rain, dense fog, etc.\nC-2","APPENDIX D\nRECCO FORM, CODE TABLES AND REGULATIONS\nD-1","INFLIGHT\nVISIBILITY\nSURFACE\nTEMPERA\nDEGREES\nTENTHS\n11\nTURE\nTable\nSEA\nAND\n24\nT\nLENGTH OF\nMAJARIS\nINTENSITY\nCHARACT\nTable 21\nOF ECHO\nTable 22\nTable\nTable\n23\ne\n.\nINDICATOR\nDeg. True)\nDISTANCE\nBEARING\n(Tene of\nTO ECHO\nORIENTA-\nCENTER\nTable 19\nTION OF\nELLIPSE\nECHO\nTable\nOF\n22\n8\nd.\n$,\no.\nINDICATOR\nALTITUDE\nOF TOP OF\nBASE OF\nSTRATUM\nSTRATUM\nALT OF\n(Note 13)\nICING\nTable 17\nICING\nTable\n(Note\n21\nRECCO RECORDING FORM\nNING OF ICIM\nM,\nTable 17\nDISTANCE\nTable 15\nDISTANCE\nRATE OF\nOF\nICING\nTable 15\nICING\nICING\nTable\nINDIC\nTYPE\n20\nI\n4\nS.\nWe Table 15\nDISTANCE\n(Note 11)\nSIGNIFIC.\nTable 14\nDISTANT\nWEATHER\nBEARING\nTable 13\nINDICATO\nRENCE\nTable\n19\nws\nd\nDISTANCE\nRENCE OF\nWe Table !!\nDISTANT\nTable 16\n(Note 11)\nSIGNIFIC.\nBEARING\nTable j\nTable\nFigure D-1. Reconnaissance code recording form (AWS Form 32)\n18\nw\n6\nP.\nd\nd\nBFC MIND\n(Tena of\ntrue)\nTION OF\nSURFAC\nINDICA\nDIREC\n(Noteso\nFOR\nWIND\n(knots)\ndog.\n17\n4\n.\n.\nMETEOROLOGIST\nALTITUDE\nTable 12\nALTITUDE\n12\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nTable\nOF\nOF\nTable\n16\nv\nC\nH\nN\nALTITUDE\nALTITUDE\nTable 28\nTable 12\n12\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nOF\nOF\nTable\n15\nh\n.\nH\nM\nLTITUDE\nALTITUDE\nTable 11\nTable 17\nToble 12\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nOF\nOF\n14\nC\nH\nINDICATOR\nTable 10\nAMOUNT\nCLOUDS\n1\nNR OF\nCLOUD\nLAVERS\n(Note #\n(Note g)\nOF\n13\na\n1\nCALL SIGN\nALTITUDE\nTowalt\nTable 12\nTable is\n1\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nOF\nOF\n12\n1\n1\n.\nc\n\"\nH\n.\nALTITUDE\nTable u\nALTITUDE\nTable 12\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nOF\nTable\nOF\n11\nTYPE AIRCRAFT\n1\nC\nH\nN\nTable 11\nELTITUDE\nTITUDE\nTable 12\nTable 13\nCLOUD\nTYPE\nBASE\nTOP\nOF\nOF\n10\nC\n\"\nH.\nH.\nINDICATOR\nAMOUNT\nCLOUDS\n(Note 9)\nTable 10\n11\n11\n11\n11\nLA\n11\n11\n11\n11\nCLOUD\nWR OF\n(Note 9\nOF\n9\n1\nINDICATOR\nD-VALUE\nHEIGHT\n11\nis\n11\n11\n1\n11\nINDEXT\nNote 8)\nH H H\nGEO.\nTable\nINDER\nOR\n8\nBLP\n/\nH\nM\nERATURE\nPRESENT\nWEATHER\n(Note s)\n(Note 63\nTebco 8\nTEMP.\nPOINT\nDEW\n(Note:\nWHOLE\nWHOLE\n7\nMISSION IDENTIFIER\nT\nT\nd\nDIRECTION\nFLIGHT\n(Tane of\nInse\nLEVEL\nFLIGHT\nLEVEL\n(Knote)\nMND\nWIND\n6\né\nREPORTED\nDECAMETER\nMETHOD OF\nPRESSURE\nALTITUDE\nAIRCRAFT\nTYPE OF\nTO THE\nNEAREST\nTable\nTable\nWIND\nOF\n5\n@\ndo\n.\nPREVIOUS EDITION WILL BE USED.\nBULENCE\nFLT COND\nDEGREES\nTENTHS\nLONG\nTUDE\nTUR-\nAND\n(Note\nTable\nTable\n(Note\n11\n11\nORGANIIATION\nL.\nL.\nLe\nc\nDAY OF\nOCTANT\nSUN-1\nWEEK\nTable 3\nTENTH\nAND\n3\nL\nLe\nY\nDEB POIN\nMinutes;\nINDICA.\nTIME\nTION\n(GMT)\nTable\nOF\n(Houre\n111\n111\n111\n111\n111\n2\n35\nG\nMAR M\nINDICATOR\nFORM\nGROUP\nRECCO\nTION\nTable\nSPECIF\nTYPE\nREMARKS\nAWS\nDATE\n2","Table D-I. Reconnaissance code tables\nTABLE 11 C\nTABLE 6\nd\nTABLE 1 XXX\nt\n0 Cirrus (Ci)\n222 Sec One Observation without radar\n0 Spot of Wind\n1 Cirrocumulus (Cc)\ncapability\nI Average wind\n2 Cirrostratus (Cs)\n555 Sec Three (intermediate) observation\n/\nNo wind reported\n3 Altocumulus (Ac)\nwith or without radar capability\n4 Altostratus (As)\n777 Sec One Observation with radar\nTABLE 7 d\n5 Nimbostratus (Ns)\na\ncapabilities\no Winds obtained using doppler radar or\n6 Statocumulus (Sc)\ninertial systems\n7 Stratus (St)\nTABLE 2\nd\n1\nWinds obtained using other navigation\n8 Cumulus (Cu)\n0 No dew point capability/acft below\nequipment and/or techniques\n9 Cumulonimbus (Cb)\n10,000 meters\n/\nNavigator unable to determine or wind not\n/\nCloud type unknown due to darkess or\nNo dew point capability/acft at or above\n1\ncompatible\nother analogous phenomena\n10,000 meters\n2 No dew point capability/acft below\nTABLE 8 W\nTABLE 12 h H.H.h.h.H.H.\n10,000 meters and flight lvl tem -50°C\n0 Clear\n00\nLess than 100\nor colder\n1 Scattered (trace to 4/8 cloud coverage)\n01\n100 ft\nNo dew point capability/acft at or above\n3\n2 Broken (5/8 to 7/8 cloud coverage)\n02\n200 ft\n10,000 meters and flight lvl temp -50°C\n3 Overcast/undercast\n03\n300 ft\nor colder\n4 Fog, thick dust or haze\netc, etc\nDew point capability/acft below 10,000\n4\n5 Drizzle\n49\n4,900 ft\nmeters\n6 Rain (continous or intermittent precip\n50\n5,000 ft\n5 Dew point capability/acft at or above\nfrom strata clouds)\n51-55 Not used\n10,000 meters\n7 Snow or rain and snow mixed\n56\n5,600 ft\n6 Dew point capability/acft below 10,000\n8\nShower(s) (continuous or intermittent\n57\n7,000 ft\nmeters and flight lvl temp -50°C or\nprecip from cumuliform clouds)\netc, etc\ncolder\n9 Thunderstorm(s)\n79\n29,000 ft\n7 Dew point capability/acft at or above\n/ Unknown for any cause, including\n80\n30,000 ft\n10,000 meters and flight lvl temp -50°C\ndarkness\n81\n35,000 ft\nor colder\n82\n40,000 ft\nTABLE 9 j\netc, etc\nTABLE 3 Q\no\nSea level pressure in whole millibars\n89\nGreater than 70,000 ft\n0 0° -90° W\nNorthern\n(thousands fig if any omitted)\n//\nUnknown\n1\n90° W 180°\nNorthern\n1\nAltitude 200 mb surface in geopotential\nNorthern\n2\n180° 90° E\ndecameters (thousands fig if any omitted)\nTABLE 13 d\n3 90° 0° E\nNorthern\n2 Altitude 850 mb surface in geopotential\nW\n4\nNot Used\no No report\nmeters (thousands fig omitted)\n5\n0° 90° W\nSouthern\n7 NW\nAltitude 700 mb surface in geopotential\n1 NE\n3\n6\n90° 180° W\nSouthern\n2 E\n8 N\nmeters (thousands fig omitted)\n7 180° 90° E\nSouthern\n4 Altitude 500 mb surface in geopotential\n3 SE\n9 all directions\n8 90°-0 E\nSouthern\n4 S\ndecameters\n5\nAltitude 400 mb surface in geopotential\n5 SW\nTABLE 4 B\n6 W\ndecameters\no None\n6 Altitude 300 mb surface in geopotential\n1 Light turbulence\nTABLE 14\nW\ndecameters\nS\n2 Moderate turbulence in clear air,\n7 Altitude 250 mb surface in geopotential\n0 No change\ninfrequent\ndecameters (thousands fig if any omitted)\n1 Marked wind shift\n3 Moderate turbulence in clear air, frequent\n8 D Value in geopotential decameters; if\n2 beginning or ending of marked turbulence\n4 Moderate turbulence in cloud, infrequent\nnegative 500 is added to HHH\n3 Marked temperature change (not with\n5 Moderate turbulence in cloud, frequent\n9 No absolute altitude available or\naltitude)\n6 Severe Turbulence in clear air, infrequent\ngeopotential data not within I 30\n4 Precipitation begins or ends\n7 Severe Turbulence in clear air, frequent\nmeters/4 mb accuracy requirements\n5 Change in cloud forms\n8 Severe Turbulence in cloud, infrequent\n6 Fog or ice fog bank begins or ends\n9 Severe Turbulence in cloud, frequent\nTABLE 10 N\n7 Warm front\nS\no No additional cloud layers (place holder)\n8 Cold Front\nTABLE 5\nf\nc\n9 front, type not specified\n1\n1 okta or less, but not zero\no In the clear\n(1/8 or less sky covered)\n8 In and out of clouds\nTABLE 15 S. S S\n2 2 oktas (or 2/8 of sky covered)\nb\nS\n9 In clouds all the time (continuous IMC)\n3\n3 oktas (or 3/8 of sky covered\no No report\n/ Impossible to determine due to darkness\n4 4 oktas (or 4/8 of sky covered)\n1 Previous position\nor other cause\n5\n5 oktas (or 5/8 of sky covered)\n2 Present position\n6 6 oktas (or 6/8 of sky covered)\n3\n30 nautical miles\n7\n7 oktas or more but not 8 oktas\n4 60 nautical miles\n8 8 oktas or sky completely covered\n5\n90 nautical miles\n9 Sky obscured (place holder)\n6\n120 nautical miles\n7 150 nautical miles\n8\n180 nautical miles\n9 More than 180 nautical miles\n/\nUnknown (not used for S\nD-3","Table D-1. Reconnaissance code tables (continued)\nTABLE 16 W d\nTABLE 23 V,\no\nNo report\n1\nSigns of a tropical Cyclone\n1 Inflight visibility o to and including 1 nautical mile\n2 Ugly threatening sky\n2 Inflight visibility greater than 1 and not exceeding 3 nautical miles\n3 Duststorm or sandstorm\n3 Inflight visibility greater than 3 nautical miles\n4 Fog or ice fog\n5 Waterspout\n6\nCirrostratus shield or bank\n7 Altostratus or altocumulus shield or\nbank\n8 Line of heavy cumulus\nRECCO SYMBOLIC FORM\n9 Cumulonimbus heads or\nthunderstorms\nSECTION ONE (MANDATORY)\nTABLE 17\n9XXX9 GGggi YQL LL L Bf\n7 Light\nd\nc\n8\n8 Moderate\n9 Severe\nddfff TT W /jHHH\n/\nUnknown or contrails\nTABLE 18 I,\nSECTION TWO (ADDITIONAL)\nt\n0 None\n1k N.N.N. Ch h H.H\n4ddff\n1\nRime ice in clouds\nn s s s s's t t\n2 Clear ice in clouds\n6W S W d 71 I S. S 7h.h.H.H. 8d o\n3\nCombination rime and clear ice in\nS S d W rt b e e\nclouds\n8E E.c i 9V.T T T\n4\nRime ice in precipitation\nW e I W W W\n5 Clear ice in precipitation\n6 Combination rime and clear ice in\nSECTION THREE (INTERMEDIATE)\nprecip\n7 Frost (icing in clear air)\n9XXX9 GGggi d YQL a a L a L L Bf h_h_d.d\n8\nNonpersistent contrails (less than 1/4\nnautical miles long)\nddfff TTT d T d W /jHHH\n9\nPersistent contrails\nTABLE 19 S r, E W, E. I\no ONM\n5 50NM\n1 10NM\n6 60-80NM\n2 20NM\n7 80-100NM\n3 30NM\n8 100-150NM\n4 40NM\n9 Greater than 150NM\n/ Unknown\nTABLE 20 o\ne\n0 Circular\n1 NNE SSW\n2 NE SW\n3 ENE WSW\n4 E W\n5 ESE WNW\n6 SE NW\n7 SSE NNW\n8 S N\n/ Unknown\nTABLE 21\nc\n@\n1 Scattered Area\n2 Solid Area\n3 Scattered Line\n4 Solid Line\n5 Scattered, all quadrants\n6 Solid, all quadrants\n/ Unknown\nTABLE 22 i\n6\n2 Weak\n5 Moderate\n8 Strong\n/ Unknown\nD-4","Table D-2. Reconnaissance code regulations\n8. When j is reported as a 9, HHH is encoded as III.\n1. At the time of the observation the aircraft observing platform\nis considered to be located on the axis of a right vertical cylinder\n9. If the number of cloud layers reported exceeds 3, kn in the\nwith a radius of 30 nautical miles bounded by the earth's surface\nfirst 1 group reports the total number of cloud layers. The\nand the top atmosphere. Present weather, cloud amount and\nsecond 1-group reports the additional number of layers being\ntype, turbulence, and other subjective elements are reported as\nreported exclusive of those previously reported. In those cases\noccurring within the cylinder. Flight level winds, temperature,\nwhere a cloud layer(s) is discernible, but a descriptive cloud\ndew point, and geopotential values are sensed or computed and\npicture of the observation circle is not possible, use appropriate\nreported as occurring at the center of the observation circle.\nremarks such as \"clouds blo\" or As blo\" to indicate the presence\nRadar echoes, significant weather changes, distant weather, and\nof clouds. In such cases, coded entries are not made for group\nicing are phenomena that may also be observed/reported. Code\n9. The sequence in which cloud amounts are encoded depends\ngroups identifying these phenomena may be reported as necessary\nupon type of cloud, cloud base, and vertical extent of the\nto adequately describe met conditions observed.\ncloud. The cloud with the largest numerical value of cloud type\ncode (C) is reported first, regardless of coverage, base, or\n2. The intermediate observation (Section Three) is reported\nvertical extent. Among clouds of the same cloud type code\nfollowing Section One (or Section Two if appended to Section\nsharing a common base, the cloud of greatest vertical extent is\nOne) in the order that it was taken.\nreported first. The summation principle is not used; each layer\nis treated as though no other clouds were present. The total\n3. Plain language remarks may be added as appropriate. These\namount of clouds through one altitude shared by several clouds\nremarks follow the last encoded portion of the horizontal or\nwill not exceed 8 oktas. Only use code figure 0 as a place holder\nvertical observation and will clearly convey the intended\nwhen you can determine that no additional cloud layers exist. In\nmessage. Vertical observations will not include meteorological\ncase of undercast, overcast, etc., use code figure 9 as a\nremarks. These remarks must begin with a letter or word-E.G.\n\"FL TEMP\" vice \"700 MB FL TEMP.\" The last report plain\nplaceholder.\nlanguage remarks are mandatory, i.e., \"LAST REPORT. OBS\n10. Due to limitations in the ability to distinguish sea state\n01 thru 08 to RJTY, OBS 09 and 10 to RPMK.\"\nfeatures representative of wind speeds above 130 knots, surface\nwind speeds in excess of 130 knots will not be encoded. Wind\n4. The hundreds digit of longitude is omitted for longitudes from\nspeeds of 100 to 130 knots inclusive will be encoded by deleting\n100° to 180°.\nthe hundreds figure and adding 50 to dd. For wind speeds above\n130 knots, dd is reported without adding 50 and ff is encoded as\n5. Describe conditions along the route of flight actually\n// with a plain language remark added, I.E., -sfc wind above 130\nexperienced at flight level by aircraft.\nknots.\nd' When encoding negative temperatures, 50 is\n6.\nTT,\nT.\n11. Significant weather changes which have occurred since the\nadded to the absolute value of the temperature with the hundreds\nlast observation along the track are reported for\nfigure, if any, being omitted. A temperature of -52°C is given\nS.\nas 02, the distinction between -52°C and 2°C being made from\nMissing unknown temperatures are reported as II. When the\n12. When aircraft encounters icing in level flight, the height at\ndew point is colder than -49.4°C, Code T T d as // and report\nwhich the icing occurred will be reported for h.h. The HH\nthe actual value as a plain language remark - E.G. DEW\nwill be reported as 11.\nPOINT -52°C.\n7. When two or more types of W co-exist, the type with the\nhigher code figure will be reported. Code Figures 1, 2 and 3 are\nreported based on the total cloud amount through a given altitude,\nabove or below the aircraft, and when other figures are\ninappropriate. The summation principle applies only when two\nor more cloud types share a given altitude.\nD-5","APPENDIX E\nTEMP DROP CODE BREAKDOWN\nCODE FORM:\nPART A\nQ.L.L.L.L.\nMMMUL,ULo\nSECTION 1\nM,M,M;M}\nYYGGI\n99L2L4\nd.d.f.f.f.\nSECTION 2 99P,P,P.\nT.T.T.,D.D.\nd1d1f,f,f,\nP1P,h,h,h1\nT,T,T,,D,D1\nd.d.f.f.f.f\nP.P.h.h.h.\nTTTDD,\nddfff\nSECTION 3\n88PPP\nor\n88999\nSECTION 4 77PmPmPm\ndmdmfmfmfm\n(4V6V6V2V)\nor\n66P.P.Pm\nor\n77999\nPART A\nSECTION 1 - IDENTIFICATION AND POSITION\nIdentification letters of the report = XX\nM,M\nIdentification letters of the part of the report = AA\nMM\nDay of the month (GMT) = 01,02 etc. When wind data are included (Dropwindsonde observation), 50 is added to YY.\nYY\nActual time of the observation, to the nearest whole hour (GMT).\nGG\nHighest level for which wind is available. 7 = 700mbs, 5 = 5000mbs, etc. If flight level is above a standard surface, for\n1d\nexample 495, report a 5 for 500 MBs in the 1d group. When no winds are reported in any part of the message encode as \"/\"\nIndicator for aircraft position\n99\nLatitude, in tenths of a degree.\nLLL2\nQuadrant of the globe. The earth is divided by the Greenwich Meridian and the Equator into quadrants. The code figure\nQc\nreported depends on the latitude and longitude of the observation position. i.e., 7 = NW, 1 = NE, 3 = SW, 5 = SE.\nLongitude, in tenths of a degree.\nL.L.L.L.\nMarsden square. The number of the Marsden Square for aircraft position at the time of the observation is reported for MMM.\nMMM\nAlways report three digits for MMM, with zeros reported for the hundreds and tens digits when required. When an\nobservation is within a depicted 10 degree square, report the number of that square. When on an even 10 degree latitude or\nlongitude circle, the Marsden Square for MMM is obtained by moving in the direction of larger latitude and/or longitude.\nEXAMPLE: assuming a position of 18.1N, 131.4W, MMM is 050; assuming a position of 30.0N, 140.0E, MMM is 130. At\nthe equator or on the prime meridian, report the Marsden square compatible with the Qc reported.\nUnits digit in the reported latitude\nUL\nUnits digit in the reported longitude\nULA\nE-1","SECTION 2- SURFACE AND STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACES\n99-\nIndicator for surface\nP.P.P.\nPressure in whole millibars, thousands digits omitted. (P,P,P. is always surface level)\nP1P1\nPressure of mandatory standard isobaric surfaces in units of tens of millibars. (1000mbs=00, 850mbs=85, 700mbs=70, etc.)\nPnPn\nh,h,h1\nHeight of the mandatory pressure level in geopotential meters or decameters above the surface. Encoded in meters\nup to 501mbs; Encoded in decameters above 501mbs. Add 500 to hhh for negative 1000mb heights. Report 1000mb groups\n...\nh.h.h.\nas 00/// IIIII when surface pressure is less than 950mbs.\nT.T.\nTens and units digit of air temperature (not rounded off) in degress.\nT,T,\nCelsius, at specified levels beginning with surface.\nT.T.\nT30\nApproximate tenths value and sign (plus or minus) of the air\nT1\ntemperature. Even = plus Odd = minus\nTan\nD,Do\nDewpoint depression (with respect to water) at standard isobaric surfaces beginning with surface level. When the\nD1D1\ndepression is 4.9C or less encode the units and tenths digits of the depression. Encode depression of 5.0 through 5.4 as\n50; Encode depressions of 5.5 through 5.9 as 56. Dewpoint depressions of 6.0 and above are encoded in tens and units\nD3D\nwith 50 added. Dewpoint depressions for relative humidities less than 20% are encoded as 80. When air temperature is\nbelow -40°C report D,D, as two solidi.\ndodo\nTrue direction (rounded off to nearest 5 degrees) in tens of degrees.\ndid1\nfrom which the wind is blowing. (Dropwindsonde)\ndad,\nfofofo\nWind speed in knots (Dropwindsonde)\nf,f,f,\nf,f,f,\n[NOTE: When flight level is just above a mandatory surface (Dropwindonde) and, in the operator's best meterological judgement, the\nwinds are representative of the winds at the mandatory surface, then the operator may encode the mandatory surface winds using the data\nfrom flight level. If the winds are not representative, then encode IIIII.]\nSECTION 3 - DATA FOR TROPOPAUSE LEVELS\n88\nIndicator for tropopause data.\nP.P.P.\nPressure at the tropopause level reported in whole millibars\nT,T,\nAir temperature in whole degrees Celsius, at the tropopause level.\nTat\nApproximate tenths value and sign (plus or minus) of the air temperature at the tropopause level.\nD,D,\nDewpoint depression at the tropopause level.\ndidd\nTrue direction (rounded off to the nearest 5 degrees), in tens of degrees, from which the wind is blowing at the tropopause\nlevel.\nE-2","fifth\nWind speed, in knots, at the tropopause level\n88999\nTropopause data not available.\nSECTION 4 - MAXIMUM WIND DATA\nIndicator that data for maximum wind level and for vertical wind shear follow (the iup of the wind sounding\n66\ncorresponds to the highest wind speed observed throughout the descent.)\nIndicator that data for maximum wind level and for vertical wind shear follow (maximum wind level does not coincide\n77\nwith the top of the wind sounding.)\nPressure at maximum wind level in whole millibars\nP.P.P.\nTrue wind direction (rounded off to nearest 5 degrees), in tens of degrees, from which the maximum wind is blowing.\ndmdm\nfmfmfm\nMaximum wind speed in knots\nIndicator for vertical wind shear data\n4\nAbsolute value of vector difference between max wind and wind blowing 3000 feet ABOVE the level of maximum\nVaVa\nwind. Reported to the nearest knot. Use \"11\" if missing and 4 group is reported. A vector difference of 99 knots or\nmore is reported with the code figure 99.\nAbsolute value of vector difference between max wind and wind blowing 3000 feet BELOW the level of maximum\nwind. Reported to the nearest knot. Use \"//\" if missing and 4 group is reported. A vector difference of 99 knots or\nmore is reported with the code figure 99.\nCODE FORM:\nPART B\nSECTION 1\nM,M,M;M}\nYYGG/\n99L,L,L\nQLLLL\nMMMUL\nSECTION 5\nnonoPoPo\nT,T,T,D,Do\nn,n,P1P1P1\nT,T,T,,D,D1\nT.T.T.,D2D.\ndodofofo\nSECTION 6\n21212\nnon,PoPoPo\nn,n,PP,P,\nd,d,f,f,f,\nn.n.P.P.P.\nd.d.f.f.f.\nSECTION 9\n51515\n10166\n10167\n10190\n10191\nPART B\nSECTION 1 - IDENTIFICATION AND POSITION\nIdentification letters of the part of the report = BB\nMMM\n/\nFiller figure for YYGG group\nAll other groups are the same as reported in Part 1 - Section 1\nE-3","SECTION 5 - DATA FOR SIGNIFICANT TEMPERATURE AND\nRELATIVE HUMIDITY LEVELS\nNumber of level, starting with surface level. Only surface level will be numbered as \"00\". When a mandatory level is also\nnono\nselected as significant, repeat the level in section 5. Encode significant levels nann to indicate missing data as nn/// IIIII.\nnn,\nnann\nPoPoPo\nPressure at specified levels in whole millibars, beginning with surface.\nP,P,P1\nPgP.P.\nTemperature and humidity data groups are reported in the same manner as the temperature and humidity data in PART A - Section 2.\nSECTION 6 - DATA FOR SIGNIFICANT WIND LEVELS\n21212\nData for significant levels with respect to wind follow. Wind data groups are reported in the same manner as the wind data in\nPART A - Section 2\nSECTION 9 - ADDITIONAL DATA GROUPS\n51515\nAdditional data in regional code follow.\n10166\nGeopotential data are doubtful between the following levels. P.P.P',P'.. This code figure is used only when geopotential data\nare doubtful from a level to termination of the descent.\nNOTE: When radar altimeter is inoperative and surface reference is used, or if the ARWO advises that geopotential platform\ndata are doubtful, a 10166 is reported for the entire run.\n10167\nTemperature Data are doubtful between the following levels: OP1P1P2P2\nThis code figure shall be reported when only temperature data are doubtful for a portion(s) of the descent. If the 10167 group is\nreported a 10166 will also be reported.\nEXAMPLE: Temperature is missing from 540mbs to 510mbs. SLP is 1020mbs. The code would be 10166 00251 10167\n05451.\n10190\nExtrapolated altitude data follows:\n(1)\nWhen the sounding begins within 25 mbs below a standard surface, the height of the surface is reported in the format\n10190 PnP,h,h_h.. The temperature group is not reported.\nEXAMPLES: Assume the release was made from 310 mbs and the 300 mb height was 966 decameters. The last reported\nstandard level in Part A is the 400 mb level. The data for the 300 mb level is reported in Part B as 10190 1 30966.\n(2)\nWhen the sounding does not reach surface, but terminates within 25 mbs of a standard surface, the height of the standard\nsurface is reported in Part A of the code in standard format and in Part B of the code in the format 10190 PnPnhnhnhn\n(aircraft reference).\nEXAMPLE: Assume termination occurred at 980 mbs and the extrapolated height of the 1000 mb level was 115 meters. The\n1000 mb level would be reported in Part A of the code as 00115 IIIII and in Part B as 10190 00115.\n10191\nExtrapolated surface pressure precedes. Extrapolated surface pressure is only reported when the termination occurs between 850\nmbs and surface pressure is reported in Part A as 99P0P0P////I and Part B as OOPPPPo IIIII. When surface pressure is\nextrapolated, the 10191 group is the last additional data group reported in Part B.\nE-4","APPENDIX F\nEAST AND GULF COAST\nSTORM TRACKS\nF-1","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nPOGGO\nDANER\nFLANN\n70°\nACK\nLEGEND\nSWAPS\nKENDA\nADIZ\nJFK\nGLIBS\nRBV\nENO\nPXT\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 oow\n41 17N 070 02W\n41 08N 067 oow\n39 40N 067 40W\n39 21N 070 30W\n38 20N 069 57W\n37 03N 069 33W\n35 16N 069 04W\n34 21N 069 36W\n32 55N 070 19W\n32 30N 070 10W\n31 24N 073 20W\n31 13N 073 43W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 oow\n30 27N 080 00W\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 SON 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\nCOORDINATES\n30 24N 088 55W\nTLH\n85°\nCEW.\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nPOGGO/WX OB\nKENDA/WX OB\nTROUT/WX 08\nSJI\nWX OB 1-10\nWX OB 1-1\nWX OB 1-3\nWX OB 1-5\nWX OB 1-6\nWX OB 1-7\nWX OB 1-8\nDANER\nSWAPS\nFLANN\nGLIBS\nMGM\nGSO\nADIZ\nCEW\n90°\nSPA\nENO\nACK\nPXT\nRBV\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nRIC\nJFK\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nLACKS\nDANER\nFLANN\n70°\nACK\nLEGEND\nSWAPS\nKENDA\nADIZ\nJFK\nRBV\nGLIBS\nENO\nPXT\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 00W\n41 17N 070 02W\n40 OON 068 12W\n39 40N 067 40W\n39 21N 070 30W\n38 20N 069 57W\n37 03N 069 33W\n35 16N 069 04W\n34 21N 069 36W\n32 55N 070 19W\n32 30N 071 10W\n31 24N 073 20W\n31 13N 073 43W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 27N 080 00W\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\n.TLH\n85°\nCEW\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nKENDA/WX OB\nTROUT /WX OB\nSJI\nWX OB 2-3\nWX OB 2-4\nWX OB 2-5\nWX OB 2-6\nWX OB 2-8\nWX OB 2-1\nCK PT 2-1\nSWAPS\nDANER\nLACKS\nFLANN\n90°\nGLIBS\nMGM\nCEW\nADIZ\nGSO\nSPA\nENO\nACK\nPXT\nRBV\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nJFK\nRIC\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nCK PT 3-1\nPOGGO\n70°\nCHAMP\nLEGEND\nACK\nKENDA\nMERCI\nGLIBS\nJFK\nENO\nPXT\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 oow\n41 17N 070 02W\n41 08N 067 oow\n39 4ON 067 40W\n39 21N 070 30W\n37 31N 071 41W\n37 06N 071 42W\n35 OON 071 45W\n34 16N 072 15W\n31 40N 073 46W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 27N 080 oow\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nTLH\n85°\nCEW\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nPOGGO/WX OB\nSJI\nKENDA/WX OB\nTROUT/WX 08\nWX OB 3-3\nWX OB 3-5\nWX 08 3-7\nwx OB 3-1\nWX OB 3-4\nCK PT 3-1\nCHAMP\nMERCI\nGLIBS\n90°\nMGM\nCEW\nGSO\nSPA\nENO\nACK\nPXT\nRBV\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nJFK\nRIC\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nCK PT 4-1\nLACKS\n70°\nACK\nLEGEND\nMERCI\nKENDA\nCHAMP\nGLIBS\nJFK\nENO\nPXT\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 oow\n41 17N 070 02W\n40 OON 068 12W\n39 40N 067 40W\n39 21N 070 30W\n37 31N 071 41W\n37 06N 071 42W\n35 OON 071 45W\n34 16N 072 15W\n31 40N 073 46W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 27N 080 00W\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nTLH\n85°\n-CEW\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nKENDA/WX OB\nTROUT/WX OB\nSJI\nWX OB 4-3\nWX OB 4-4\nWX OB 4-5\nWX OB 4-6\nWX 08 4-1\nCK PT 4-1\nCHAMP\nLACKS\nMERCI\nGLIBS\n90°\nMGM\nCEW\nGSO\nSPA\nENO\nACK\nPXT\nRBV\nJFK\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nRIC\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nDANER\n70°\nLEGEND\nLINND\nSWAPS\nFLANN\nGLIBS\nENO\nJFK\nPXT\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n40 05N 072 52W\n39 25N 071 43W\n38 20N 069 57W\n35 16N 069 04W\n32 55N 070 19W\n32 30N 071 10W\n31 24N 073 20W\n31 10N 073 46W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 27N 080 00W\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 086 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nTLH\n85°\nCEW.\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nDANER/WX OB\nFLANN/ WX OB\nSJI\nWX OB 5-1\nWX OB 5-4\nWX 08 5-5\nWX OB 5-6\nSWAPS\nTROUT\nLINNO\nGLIBS\nMGM\nCEW\nGSO\nADIZ\n90°\nSPA\nENO\nPXT\nRBV\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nRIC\nJFK\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\n70°\nCHAMP\nLEGEND\nMERCI\nBERGH\nCORAN\nGLIBS\nENO\nPXT\nJFK\n75°\nTROUT\nRIC\nGSO\nL\n80°\nSPA\nJVC\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n39 08N 072 03W\n37 31N 071 41W\n35 OON 071 45W\n32 01N 073 36W\n30 56N 074 15W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 27N 080 oow\nCOORDINATES\n-TLH\n85°\nCEW\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nCHAMP/WX OB\nTROUT/WX OB\nSJI\nWX OB 6-4\nBERGH\nCORAN\nMERCI\nGLIBS\nMGM\nCEW\nGSO\nSPA\nENO\nPXT\nRBV\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\n90°\nRIC\nJFK\nSJI\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nCK PT 7-1\nPOGGO\n70°\nACK\nLEGEND\nCHAMP\nKENDA\nLYNUS\nSIE\nJFK\nPXT\n75°\nENO\nBRV\nRIC\nGVE\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 oow\n41 17N 070 02W\n41 08N 067 00W\n39 40N 067 40W\n39 21N 070 30W\n37 31N 071 41W\n38 01N 072 39W\n39 06N 074 48W\n38 20N 077 21W\n38 01N 078 09W\n36 03N 079 59W\n35 02N 081 56W\n32 13N 086 19W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\n85°\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nPOGGO/WX OB\nKENDA/WX OB\nSJI\nWX OB 7-1\nCK PT 7-1\nCHAMP\nLYNUS\nMGM\nMGM\nGSO\nGSO\n90°\nSPA\nENO\nACK\nBRV\nGVE\nPXT\nABV\nSPA\nJFK\nRIC\nSJI\nSIE\nSJI","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n30°\n65°\n35°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\nRPT PT 8-1\nPOGGO\n70°\nCHAMP\nLEGEND\nACK\nKENDA\nCROAK\nJFK\nENO\nPXT\n75°\nORF\nRIC\nGSO\n80°\nSPA\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 44N 088 22W\n32 13N 086 19W\n35 02N 081 56W\n36 03N 079 59W\n37 30N 077 20W\n38 17N 076 24W\n39 14N 075 31W\n40 12N 074 30W\n40 38N 073 46W\n41 10N 071 oow\n41 17N 070 02W\n41 08N 067 oow\n39 40N 067 40W\n39 12N 070 30W\n37 31N 071 41W\n36 56N 073 00W\n36 54N 076 12W\n36 43N 077 01W\n36 03N 079 59W\n35 02N 081 56W\n32 13N 086 19W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\n85°\nMGM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nPOGGO/WX OB\nSJI\nKENDA/WX OB\nRPT PT 8-1\nWX OB 8-1\nCHAMP\nCROAK\nMGM\nMGM\nGSO\nGSO\nSPA\nENO\nORF\nFKN\nSPA\n90°\nPXT\nRBV\nACK\nJFK\nRIC\nSJI\nSJI","20°\nWEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n25°\n80°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\n30°\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n28 51N 088 40W\n28 15N 091 28W\n28 15N 093 45W\n28 15N 095 00W\n27 33N 095 08W\n25 38N 095 31W\n24 OON 093 00W\n23 44N 089 49W\n24 35N 088 21W\n24 55N 087 46W\n26 02N 085 45W\n26 30N 085 32W\n28 01N 084 43W\n28 41N 087 50W\n29 10N 088 37W\n29 34N 089 21W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nLEGEND\nCRABI\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nMINOW/WX OB\nMAGEE/WX OB\nALARD/WX OB\nSEDAN/WX OB\nELIOM/WX OB\nSANTI/WX OB\nCRABI/WX OB\nWX OB 9-3\nWX 089-4\nSWORD\nTOODS\nCLONN\nEARNS\nTOODS\nALLBA\nADIZ\nMINOW\nELIOM\nMAGEE\nSANTI\nTODDS\nSWORD\nBIX\nALARD\n90°\nBOGGY\nEARNS\n95°\nALLBA\nCLONN","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n20°\n25°\n80°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\n30°\n25 25 27 28 28 30N 38N 33N 15N 15N 095 095 095 095 093 31W 15W 08W oow 45W\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n29 10N 088 37W\n28 41N 087 50W\n28 01N 084 43W\n26 02N 085 45W\n24 55N 087 46W\n24 35N 088 21W\n23 44N 089 49W\n24 28N 093 00W\n28 15N 091 28W\n29 11N 090 06W\n30 24N 089 05W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nLEGEND\nCRABI\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nMAGEE/WX OB\nMINOW/WX OB\nCLONN/WX OB\nSEDAN/WX OB\nALARD/WX OB\nCRABI/WX OB\nELIOM/WX OB\nwx OB 10-6\nWX OB 10-8\nMINOW\nSWORD\nTODDS\nEARNS\nALLBA\nADIZ\nGPT\nLEV\nMAGEE\nELIOM\nSWORD\nSEDAN\nTODDS\nALARD\nBIX\n90°\nLEV\nBOGGY\nEARNS\n95°\nALLBA\nCLONN","20°\nWEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n25°\n80°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\n30°\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n28 51N 088 40W\n28 15N 091 28W\n28 15N 093 45W\n28 15N 095 00W\n27 33N 095 08W\n25 38N 095 31W\n24 OON 093 oow\n23 44N 089 49W\n26 OON 090 00W\n26 30N 089 44W\n28 15N 088 53W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\nLEGEND\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nCLONN/WX OB\nALARD/WX OB\nSANTI/WX OB\nVIPER/WX OB\nWX OB 11-3\nWX OB 11-5\nWX OB 11-7\nTODDS\nEARNS\nALLBA\nADIZ\nSANTI\nVIPER\nTODDS\nALARD\nBIX\n90°\nBOGGY\nEARNS\n95°\nALLBA\nCLONN","WEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n20°\n25°\n80°\nTRACK COORDINATE POINT\n30°\n28 15N 093 45W\n28 15N 091 28W\n29 11N 090 06W\n30 24N 089 05W\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n28 15N 088 53W\n26 OON 090 oow\n23 44N 089 49W\n24 OON 093 00W\n25 30N 095 13W\n25 38N 095 31W\n27 33N 095 08W\n28 15N 095 00W\nCOORDINATES\nLEGEND\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nCLONN/WX OB\nALARD/WX OB\nVIPER/WX OB\nWX OB 12-2\nWX OB 12-4\nWX OB 12-6\nTODDS\nEARNS\nALLBA\nADIZ\nGPT\nLEV\nVIPER\nTODDS\nALARD\nBIX\n90°\nLEV\nBOGGY\nEARNS\n95°\nALLBA\nCLONN","20°\nWEATHER OBSERVATION POINT\n25°\n80°\n30°\nLEGEND TRACK COORDINATE POINT\n25 23 34N OON oow 21W oow\n21 OON OON oow\n22 24 41N 21N 42W 21W\n26 28 30N 15N 44W 53W\n30 24N 088 55w\n34N 089 21W\n29 28 51N 40W\n28 15N 28W\n26 OON 090 oow\n30 24N 089 osw\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\n088\n091\n093\n094\n096\n094\n092\n091\n089\n088\n26\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nSANTI/WX OB\nVIPER/WX OB\nwx wx OB OB 13-8 13-9\nwx OB 13-3\nwx OB 13-4\nWX OB 13-5\nWX OB 13-6\nWX OB 13-7\nTODOS\nADIZ\nGPT\nSANTI\nVIPER\nTODDS\nBIX\n9\n90°\nBOGGY\n9","TRACK WEATHER COORDINATE OBSERVATION POINT\n20°\n25°\n80°\nPOINT\n30°\n23 25 DON 094 OON 42W oow oow 21W\n26 24 22 21 53W oow\n26 30N 03W oow\n28 29 06W 05W\n15N 091 28W\n30 24N 088 55W\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n21N 21W\nCOORDINATES\n28 15N 088\nOON 090\nOON 096\n094\n093\n26 34N 093\n11N 090\n30 24N 089\n091\n41N 092\nLEGEND\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nBOGGY/WX OB\nVIPER/WX OB\nOB 14-2\nwx wx 14-3\nwx 14-4\nwx 08 14-5\nwx OB 14-6\nwx OB 14-8\nWX OB 14-7\nTOODS\n08\nOB\nADIZ\nGPT\nLEV\nVIPER\nTODDS\nBIX\nLEV\n90°\nBOGGY\n95","POINT\n25\n80°\n30°\nPOINT\nOBSERVATION\n22 23 24 24N 086 55N 087 17W 42W 29W 03W\n20 21 33N 087 03W 24N 086 29W 42W\n30 24N 088 55w\n29 3AN 089 21W\n28 15N 089 32W\n25 51N 088 15W\n24 55N 087 46W\n46W\n25 51N 088 15W\n26 30N 088 38W\n28 15N 089 32W\n30 24N 089 05W\n30 24N 088 55w\nCOORDINATES\n21 DON 085\n11N085\nDON 085\n33N 087\n23\n22\nWEATHER\nIDENTIFIER\nDESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nELIOM JONEE/W 08\nFLASH/WX OB\nJONEE/WX 08\nADIZ FLASH/WX 08\nFRISH/WX 08\nROBIN FRISH/WX 08\nLEGEND\nwx 08 15-4\nwx OB 15-5\nLOCATION\nTODOS\nDANUL\nELIOM\nROBIN\nDANUL\nROBIN\nJONEE\nFRISH\nFLASH\nTODDS\nELIOM\ne\nO\n90°\n95°","TRACK COORDINATE POINT\n25°\n30°\n35°\nCATCH\n70°\nDROP POINT\nTALLO\nGAGLY\nELKAS\nJESSE\n75°\nCOBBL\nNUCAR\nZQA\nADIZ\nELDER\n80°\nVRB\nFIS\nSRQ\nCANOA\nCRABI\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n29 11N 090 06W\n28 15N 090 01W\n27 OON 090 oow\n24 55N 087 46W\n24 07N 085 00W\n24 OON 083 04W\n24 33N 081 47W\n24 50N 079 00W\n25 02N 077 27W\n24 45N 075 11W\n27 28N 073 19W\n29 30N 071 30W\n31 59N 070 03W\n32 01N 072 01W\n31 12N 073 00W\n29 30N 075 04W\n28 08N 077 38W\n28 04N 078 oow\n27 59N 078 38W\n27 41N 080 29W\n27 24N 082 33W\n27 36N 082 46W\n28 01N 084 43W\n28 41N 087 50W\n29 10N 088 37W\n30 24N 089 05W\n30 24N 088 55W\nCOORDINATES\n85°\nMAGEE\nSEDAN\nELIOM\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nMAGEE/DROP 13\nBIX DESTINATION\nCOBBL/DROP 05\nCATCH/DROP 08\nELKAS/DROP 06\nTALLO/DROP 07\nBIX DEPARTURE\nELIOM/DROP 02\nJESSE/DROP 10\nELDER/DROP 11\nCRABI/DROP 12\nDOLPH\nDROP 03\nDROP 09\nDROP 01\nDROP 04\nCANOA\nTODOS\nNUCAR\nDOLPH\nGAGLY\nSEDAN\nTODDS\nLEV\nADIZ\nZOA\nVRB\nSRQ\nGPT\nLEV\nFIS\nH\n90°","TRACK COORDINATE POINT\n35\n30°\n25°\nLIMMI\n70°\nSTOCK\nCATCH\nDROP POINT\nADIZ\nMERCI\nLEARS\nELKAS\nGLIBS\nJESSE\nCORAN\n75°\nNUCAR\nADIZ 2\nELDER\nZBV\n80°\nBSY\nVRB\nMARCI\nSRQ\nCRABI\nEPSON\n85°\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n28 15N 088 53W\n27 OON 087 30W\n26 02N 085 45W\n26 02N 084 31W\n26 OON 083 00W\n25 53N 081 51W\n25 40N 080 11W\n25 42N 079 17W\n26 04N 078 00W\n27 17N 074 00W\n27 28N 073 19W\n28 30N 071 27W\n28 48N 070 53W\n31 OON 070 15W\n31 40N 069 58W\n31 59N 070 03W\n33 OON 070 38W\n33 34N 070 57W\n35 OON 071 45W\n32 01N 073 36W\nCOORDINATES\n30 56N 074 15W\n29 30N 075 04W\n28 08N 077 38W\n28 04N 078 00W\n27 59N 078 38W\n27 41N 080 29W\n27 24N 082 33W\n27 36N 082 46W\n28 01N 084 43W\n28 41N 087 50W\n29 10N 088 37W\n30 24N 089 05W\n30 24N 088 55W\nMINOW\nMAGEE\nSEDAN\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nBIX\nBIX DEPARTURE\nLEARS/DROP 05\nMERCI/DROP 08\nJESSE/DROP 10\nBIX DESTINATION\nCRABI/DROP 11\nDROP 01\nDROP 02\nDROP 03\nDROP 04\nDROP 06\nDROP 07\nTODDS)\nMINOW\nVIPER\nTODOS\nEPSON\nMARCI\nSTOCK\nCATCH\nCORAN\nNUCAR\nELKAS\nVIPER\nLIMMI\nADIZ2\nMAGEE\nGLIBS\nELDER\nSEDAN\nADIZ\nBSY\nZBV\nVRB\nSRQ\nGPT\nH\n90°","TRACK COORDINATE POINT\n25°\n30°\n35°\nLIMMI\n70°\nDROP POINT\nCATCH\nUMANN\nSWAPS\nTALLO\nBACUS\n75°\nJESSE\nECG\nZBV\n80°\nGSO\nBSY\nSPA\nSRQ\nCRABI\n85 o\nMGM\n34 26N 073 51W\n36 16N 076 11W\n36 03N 079 59W\n35 02N 081 56W\n32 13N 086 19W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\n32 55N 070 19W\n33 53N 070 37W\n25 40N 080 11W\n25 42N 079 17W\n26 OON 078 00W\n26 OON 075 oow\n29 OON 075 oow\n29 30N 075 04W\n29 30N 071 30W\n31 40N 069 58W\n31 59N 070 03W\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n29 10N 088 37W\n28 41N 087 50W\n28 01N 084 43W\n27 36N 082 46W\n27 24N 082 33W\nCOORDINATES\nSEDAN\nMAGEE\nSJI\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nTODDS\nBIX DESTINATION\nBACUS/DROP 09\nUMANN/DROP 08\nMAGEE/DROP 01\nTALLO/DROP 06\nBIX DEPARTURE\nCRABI/DROP 02\nLIMMI/DROP 07\nBIX\nDROP 03\nDROP 04\nDROP 05\nCATCH\nSWAPS\nTOODS\nMGM\nSEDAN\nJESSE\nECG\nGSO\nSPA\nSJI\nSRQ\nBSY\nZBV\n90°\nH","TRACK COORDINATE POINT\n35°\n30°\n25°\nPRISS\n70°\nDANER\nDROP POINT\nGAGLY\nTALLO\nCHAMP\nADIZ\n75°\nTROUT\nELDER\n80°\nVRB\nJVC\nSRQ\nCRABI\n30 24N 088 55W\n29 34N 089 21W\n29 10N 088 37W\n28 41N 087 sow\n28 01N 084 43W\n27 36N 082 46W\n27 24N 082 33W\n27 41N 080 29W\n27 59N 078 38W\n27 SON 078 00W\n27 OON 075 00W\n29 OON 072 15W\n29 30N 071 30W\n30 OON 069 oow\n31 56N 068 11W\n32 30N 068 20W\n35 16N 069 04W\nCOORDINATES\n37 31N 071 41W\n35 OON 072 30W\n32 01N 072 01W\n31 40N 073 00W\n31 OON 075 00W\n30 23N 077 00W\n30 25N 079 00W\n30 20N 081 31W\n30 30N 082 33W\n30 33N 084 22W\n30 50N 086 41W\n30 44N 088 22W\n30 24N 088 55W\nTLH\n85°\nCEW\nSEDAN\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nMAGEE\nTODDS\nCHAMP/DROP 06\nGAGLY/DROP 08\nBIX DESTINATION\nBIX DEPARTURE\nSJI\nDROP 01\nDROP 02\nDROP 03\nDROP 04\nDROP 05\nDROP 07\nDROP 09\nDROP 10\nTODDS\nMAGEE\nSEDAN\nELDER\nDANER\nTROUT\nCRABI\nTALLO\nPRISS\nBIX\nSRQ\nVR8\nADIZ\nCEW\nJVC\nTAY\nTLH\nSJI\nH\n90°","POINT\n45°\n40°\n40 42 43 44 43 44 30N 45N 09N 20N 33N 10N 30W DOW oow oow 29W 50W oow\n41 39 38 17N070 08N 35N OON 02W oow oow DOW oow\n42 37N 064 law\n07N 065 12W\nA2 08N 067 oow\n41 17N070 02W\n41 22N070 60W\n42 43 04N 070 49W\nOAN 070 49W\n43 42 22N 070 60W\nCOORDINATES\n39 060\n10N 068\n41 067\n066\n065\n062\n057\n054\n055\n52N 058\n062\nTRACK\nDROP\nIDENTIFIER\nDEPARTURE\n08\nCUDAS/DROP\nPOGGO/DROP\nGRUPI/DROP\nLOCATION\nDROP 02\nDROP 03\nDROP 05\nDROP 06\n07\nDROP 01\nPOGGO\nDROP\nDROP\nDROP\nPSM\nPSM\nBOS\nACK\n55°\nG\nKONCH\nGRUPI\n60°\n35°\nCUDAS\n65°\nPOGGO\nBOS\nACK\nPSM","WX DROP POINT\n500\nWX OB POINT\n500\nKONCH\n400\nCANADA ADIZ\n500\nGRUPI\nCUDAS\nUS ADIZ\nPEN\nJOBOC\nELTIN\nDOV\nCHAMP\n39 07N 075 27W\n39 06N 074 48W\n37 31N 071 41W\n36 18N 068 18W\n35 21N 064 19W\n36 42N 061 42W\n37 30N 060 00W\n38 36N 058 oow\n40 OON 055 00W\n40 36N 054 00W\n43 OON 050 00W\n43 46N 052 30W\n44 33N 055 29W\n43 52N 058 50W\n42 37N 064 14W\n41 53N 065 05W\n40 07N 067 oow\n39 02N 069 oow\nCOORDINATES\n37 31N 071 41W\n39 06N 074 48W\n39 07N 075 27W\nARE ONLY A GUIDE AND SUBJECT TO ATC\nHIGHEST POSSIBLE ALTITUDE WITHOUT\nCLOSEST PRACTICAL INTERVAL AND\nNOTE: wx OBS/DROPS DESIRED AT\nREGARD TO STANDARD PRESSURE\nSURFACES. UNLESS OTHERWISE\nAIRCREW. FLIGHT HAZARD. ETC.,\nINDICATED OB/DROP POINTS\nCHAMP/WX OB/WX DROP\nKONCH/WX OB/WX DROP\nCUDAS/WX OB/WX DROP\nELTIN/WX OB/WX DROP\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nDOV DESTINATION\nDOV DEPARTURE\nWX OB/WX DROP\nCHAMP/WX OB\nJOBOC/WX OB\nGRUPI/WX OB\nCONSTRAINTS.\nCANADA ADIZ\nUS ADIZ PEN\nWX DROP\nWX DROP\nWX DROP\nWX OB\nWX OB\nWX OB\nWX OB\nSIE\nSIE","WX DROP POINT\n500\nWX OB POINT\n500\n500\n40°\nCANADA ADIZ\n60\n50\nUS ADIZ PEN\nJABOC\nWHALE\nGABES\nDOV\nMERCI\nCHAMP\n43 42 OON 34N OBN 42N 059 060 062 063 06W 03W oow 30W 30W\n35 36 JA 40 OON 36N 24N OON 060 36W 42W oow\n42 25N 065 23W\n42 12N 067 oow\n40 07N 067 00W\n37 31N 071 41W\n39 06N 074 48W\n39 07N 075 27W\n39 07N 075 27W\n39 06N 074 48W\n37 31N 071 41W\n35 OON 071 45W\n34 19N 069 oow\n34 07N 068 10W\n34 OON 067 41W\n33 065 00W\nCOORDINATES\n062\n061\n058\n42 JBN\nARE ONLY A GUIDE AND SUBJECT TO ATC\nHIGHEST POSSIBLE ALTITUDE WITHOUT\n41\nCLOSEST PRACTICAL INTERVAL AND\nNOTE: WX OBS/DROPS DESIRED AT\nREGARD TO STANDARD PRESSURE\nSURFACES UNLESS OTHERWISE\nAIRCREW. FLIGHT HAZARD. ETC.\nINDICATED OB/DROP POINTS\nCHAMP/WX OB/WX DROP\nJOBOC/WX OB/WX DROP\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nDOV DESTINATION\nwx OB/WX DROP\nwx OB/WX DROP\nDOV DEPARTURE\nWHALE/WX OB\nCHAMP/WX OB\nCONSTRAINTS\nMERCI/WX OB\nCANADA ADIZ\nUS ADIZ PEN\nWX DROP\nwx DROP\nwx DROP\nwx OB\nGABES\nwx OB\nwx OR\nwx 08\nwx OB\nSIE\nSIE","WX DROP POINT\n500\nWX OB POINT\n500\nKONCH\n400\n50°\nCANADA ADIZ\nGRUPI\nCUDAS\n600\nJOBOC\nELTIN\nDOV\nMERCI\nCHAMP\n39 07N 075 27W\n39 06N 074 48W\n37 31N 071 41W\n35 OON 071 45W\n35 OON 068 30W\n35 21N 064 19W\n37 OON 061 30W\n38 42N 058 oow\n40 OON 055 oow\n42 18N 055 12W\n42 55N 055 17W\n44 33N 055 29W\n43 52N 058 sow\n43 12N 061 30W\n42 37N 064 14W\n41 53N 065 05W\n40 07N 067 00W\n37 31N 071 41W\n39 06N 074 48W\n39 07N 075 27W\nCOORDINATES\nARE ONLY A GUIDE AND SUBJECT TO ATC\nHIGHEST POSSIBLE ALTITUDE WITHOUT\nCLOSEST PRACTICAL INTERVAL AND\nNOTE: wx OBS/DROPS DESIRED AT\nREGARD TO STANDARD PRESSURE\nSURFACES. UNLESS OTHERWISE\nAIRCREW. FLIGHT HAZARD. ETC.,\nINDICATED OB/DROP POINTS\nCHAMP /WX OB/WX DROP\nKONCH/WX OB/WX DROP\nJOBOC/WX OB/WX DROP\nLOCATION IDENTIFIER\nDOV DESTINATION\nDOV DEPARTURE\nwx OB/WX DROP\nwx QB/WX DROP\nWX OB/WX DROP\nCHAMP/WX OB\nCUDAS/WX OB\nMERCI/WX OB\nCONSTRAINTS\nGRUPI/WX OB\nELTIN/WX OB\nCANADA ADIZ\nUS ADIZ PEN\nwx DROP\nwx OB\nwx OB\nSIE\nSIE\nI","WX DROP POINT\n50°\nWX OB POINT\n39 37 OON 18W A1W 48W\n35 32 32 oow oow\n32 35 OON 18W 40W\n39 07N 075 27W\n06N 074 48W\n39 37 30N 42W 48W\n32 OON 070 oow\n32 OON 068 oow\nOON 065 oow\n37 40 30N OON 42W oow\n40 42N 061 07W\n42 OON 063 12W\n43 18N 066 12W\n40 OON 067 30W\n39 07N 075 27W\nCOORDINATES\nOON 075\n060\n069\n39 06N 074\n071\nOON 071\nOON 072\n063\n36 50N 062\n061\n31N 071\n50°\n50°\nSIE CHAMPIV OB/WX DROP\nIDENTIFIER\n60°\nSIE DOV DESTINATION\nDOV DEPARTURE\nwx OB/WX DROP\nwx OB/WX DROP\nwx OB/WX DROP\nwx OB/WX DROP\nCHAMP/WX OB\nMERCI/WX OB\nCANADA ADIZ\nLOCATION\nCANADA ADIZ\nDROP\nwx DROP\nwx DROP\nWX OB\nwx 08\nwx OB\nwx OB\nwx 08\nwx OB\nwx\nA\n600\nDOV\nCHAMP\nMERCI\nREGARD SURFACES. INDICATED A OB/DROP UNLESS GUIDE AND POINTS SUBJECT ETC.. TO ATC\nWITHOUT\nAND\nAT\nHIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARD PRESSURE\nOTHERWISE\nDESIRED\nALTITUDE\nARE AIRCREW. ONLY FLIGHT HAZARD.\nOBS/DROPS\nPRACTICAL\nCONSTRAINTS\nTO\nCLOSEST\nNOTE","APPENDIX G\nWEST COAST\nSTORM TRACKS\nThese west coast storm tracks were developed during support to STORMFEST in\nFebruary/March 1992. Reverse tracks are not depicted. Also, the weather observation points\nare not depicted; these will be determined by the tasking agency.\nG-1","46 56N 124 08W\n45 30N 42W\n48 00N 130 00W\n51 20N 135 00W\n54 10N 140 00W\n56 30N 145 00W\n52 00N 148 00W\n145 00W\n51 50 20N 00N 00W\n48 30N 135 00W\n46 50N 130 00W\n45 30N 126 42W\n46 56N 124 08W\n47 08N 122 28W\nCOORDINATES\n126\n140\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\nKTCM DESTINATION\nHQM DEPARTURE\nTURN PT\nTURN PT\nSEDAR\nSEDAR\nHQM\nKTCM\nSEDAR\nHQM\n140°\n30°\n40°\n150°\n50°\nTURN PT\nTURN PT\n160°\n160°\n40°\n50°","49 30N 00W 00W\n46 56N 124 08W\n45 30N 126 42W\n46 20N 130 00W\n47 30N 00W 00W\n45 00N 150 00W\n20N 145 00W\n45 45 35N 00W\n45 40N 135 00W\n45 35N 130 00W\n45 30N 126 42W\n46 56N 124 08W\n47 08N 122 28W\nCOORDINATES\n135\n48 35N 140\n145\n50 00N 149\n140\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\nKTCM DESTINATION\nHQM DEPARTURE\nTURN PT\nTURN PT\nSEDAR\nSEDAR\nHQM\nKTCM\nSEDAR\nHQM\n140°\n40°\n150°\nTURN PT\nTURN PT\n150°\n160°\n160°\n50°\n50°","46 56N 124 08W\n45 30N 126 42W\n45 20N 130 00W\n44 50N 135 00W\n44 15N 140 00W\n43 20N 00W\n42 38 30N 00N 00W 00W\n40 45N 140 00W\n42 40N 135 00W\n44 30N 130 00W\n45 30N 126 42W\n46 56N 124 08W\n47 08N 122 28W\nCOORDINATES\n145\n149\n146\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\nKTCM DESTINATION\nHQM DEPARTURE\nTURN PT\nTURN PT\nSEDAR\nSEDAR\nHQM\nKTCM\nHQM\nSEDAR\nTURN PT\n150°\nTURN PT\n150°\n160°\n160°\n40°\n50°","45 44 42 30N oow 00W\n38 40 42 OON OON 00W 00W 00W\n43 OON 20N 00W 00W\n44 44 50N oow 00W\n45 46 30N 56N 42W 08W\n46 56N 124 08W\n30N 126 42W\n40 40N 45N oow\n38 OON 145 00W\n47 08N 122 28W\nCOORDINATES\n130\n135\n140\n150\n155\n150\n145\n15N 140\n135\n45 20N 130\n126\n124\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\nKTCM DESTINATION\nHQM DEPARTURE\nTURN PT\nSEDAR\nSEDAR\nHQM\nKTCM\nHQM\nSEDAR\n140°\n150°\nTURN PT\n160°\n160°\n40°\n50°","38 36 34 37 40W oow oow DOW 30W\n45 03W 35W 28W\n41 43 oow 40W\n45 55N 122 35W\n44 34N 124 03W\n42 40 oow\n35N 135 DOW\nCOORDINATES\n18N 126\n43 20N 130\n40N 135\n35N 140\n30N 145\n30N 138\n10N 130\n18N 126\n44 34N 124\n44N 122\n47 08N 122\nDESTINATION\nDEPARTURE\nPT\nTURN PT\nHEMLO\nHEMLO\nTURN\nKTCM\nONP\nONP\nBTG\nONP\nBTG\nTURN PT\nHEMLO\nTURN PT\n160°\n160°\n50°","CLUKK\nCOSTS\nTOMIE\nCOPPI/TRN PT\nONP\nBTG\nKTCM\nABNER/CLM/TP\nHEMLO\n1300\n40°\n150°\n50°\n34 36 46N 05N 50W 14W 06W\n43 44 18N 34N 40W 03W 35W\n44N 122 35W\n45 44 03W\n43 40 34N 18N 30N 40W 00W\n34 36N 42W\n32 51N 134 46W\n47 08N 122 28W\n150°\nCOORDINATES\n124\n126\n130\n135\n129\n124\n38 40N 126\n126\n124\n45 44N 122\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\n160°\nKTCM DESTINATION\nBTG DEPARTURE\nABNER/CLM/TP\nCOPPI/TRN PT\n50°\nHEMLO\nCOSTS\nHEMLO\nCLUKK\nTOMIE\nONP\nONP\nBTG","ONP\nBTG\n135W\nKTCM\n35N\nHEMLO/KZAK\n130W\nSEFIX\n40N\nSPONJ\n(40°\n45N\nKURTT\n40°\n50N\nKATCH\nFIR/KZVR\n140°\n40 35 OON 40W 00W 00W 00W\n45 44N 122 35W\n124 03W\n40 OON 00W 00W\n53 54 OON 00W 53W\n50 49 12N 22N 05W 42W\n50 00N 136 00W\n45N 136 00W\n48 48 44N 37W\n47 08N 122 28W\n150°\nCOORDINATES\n126\n130\n135\n136\n136\n45 OON 136\n136\n131\n130\n126\n18N 124\n44 43 34N 18N\n36 45N 05N\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\n160°\nTOU KTCM DESTINATION\nBTG DEPARTURE\nHEMLO/KZAK\nFIR/KZVR\n50°\nKATCH\nKURTT\nSPONJ\nSEFIX\n130W\n135W\nONP\n35N\n40N\n45N\n50N","38N 127W/TP\n130W\nHEMLO\nONP\nBTG\n135W\n35N 136W/TP\nCL\nTOU\n40N/TP/ST\n45N\nFIR/KZAK\n53N 130W/TP\n50N\n53 50 20N oow oow\n45 40 oow oow\n18N 124 37W\n48 30N 124 50W\n48 41N 127 21W\n50 OON 130 oow\n43 44 34N 03W 35W\n49 OON 130 oow\n35 18N 135 00W\n05N 130 oow\n37 OON 127 00W\n38 40W\n45 47 08N 122 28W\nCOORDINATES\nOON 130\n130\nOON 130\n35 OON 136\n18N 126\n124\n44N 122\nLOCATION/IDENTIFIER\n160°\nDESTINATION\n45N 40N/TPIST CL\n130W/TP\n35N 136W/TP\n130W 38N 127W/TP\nPIR/CZVR\nFIR/KZAK\n50°\nHEMLO\nKTCM\n135W\nTOU\nONP\nBTG\nYZT\n53N\n50N","ATMOSPHERIC\nAND\nDESCRIBED\nNOAA\ncommunity\nCOMMITTEE FOR BASIC SERVICES\nDEP\nEPARTMENT\nOF\nDR. RONALD L. LAVOIE, Chairman\nMR. NEAL THAYER\nDepartment of Commerce\nU.S. Coast Guard\nDepartment of Transportation\nDR. THOMAS J. JACKSON\nDepartment of Agriculture\nMR. MARSHALL D. MUNRO\nFederal Aviation Administration\nDIRECTOR / JOINT STAFF\nDepartment of Transportation\nDepartment of Defense\nMR. JOHN KAUFMAN\nMR. JEFFREY MACLURE\nNational Aeronautics and\nDepartment of State\nSpace Administration\nMR. ROBERT A. KORNASIEWICZ\nDR. RONALD C. TAYLOR\nU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission\nNational Science Foundation\nMR. LEWIS T. MOORE\nDepartment of Interior\nMR. JAMES B. HARRISON, Executive Secretary\nOffice of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology\nDepartment of Commerce\nWORKING GROUP FOR HURRICANE AND WINTER STORMS OPERATIONS (WG/HWSO)\nMR. DONALD WERNLY, Chairman\nCDR TERRANCE A. TIELKING\nDepartment of Commerce\nDepartment of Defense\nMR. ERIC MEINDL\nMR. KONSTANTINE NEZER\nDepartment of Commerce\nDepartment of Transportation\nMR. DANE CLARK\nMR. JEFFERY MACLURE\nDepartment of Commerce\nDepartment of State\nMR. RAINER DOMBROWSKY\nDepartment of Commerce\nLCDR CYNTHIA NELSON, USN, Secretary\nOffice of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology\nDepartment of Commerce"]}