{"Bibliographic":{"Title":"National Climatic Data Center products & services","Authors":"","Publication date":"2001","Publisher":""},"Administrative":{"Date created":"08-16-2023","Language":"English","Rights":"CC 0","Size":"0000168602"},"Pages":["QC\n875\n.U62\nJanuary 2001\nN3\n2001\nNational Climatic Data Center\nProducts and\nServices Guide\nNOAA\nNESDIS\nNCDC\nSearch\nHelp\nHome\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nNational Climatic Data Center\nSignificant U.S. Weather and\n\"World's Largest Archive of Weather Data\"\nClimate Events for 2000\nAbout NCDC What's New Hot Search Help\nFind Weather Station/Data (city/station name)\nSearch\nIn the Spotlight\nLocate NCDC Products by\nCLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK\nMost Popular Products User Description\nWeather Station/City Category / Type\nNVDS (Keywords, Maps, Regions, etc.)\nOnline Store\nProducts I Subscriptions Order Status\nBrowse by Data Type\nSatellite I Climate Radar\nDiscover Information About Climate\nU.S. Climate Reference Network\nResearch Monitoring I Extremes & Events\nU.S.\nHeavy\nTemperature\nU.S.\nHurricanes\nPrecipitation\nExtremes\nTornadoes\nBillion $$\n1991-2000\nAnnual Global Surface Mean Temperature Anomalies*\nWeather\nWeather\nNational Climatic Data Center/NESDIS/NOAA\nDisasters\nEvents\n0.9\n1.6\n0.6\n1.1\nLand and Ocean\nGlobal\nHistorical\n0.3\n0.5\nClimate\nGlobal\n0.0\n0.0\nChange\nExtremes\n0.3\n0.5\nMATE EVEN\n-0.6\n-1.1\n0.6\n1.1\nNino/\nSatellite\n0.3\nOcean\n0.5\nLa Nina\nImages\n0.0\n0.0\nF\n-0.3\n0.5\n0.6\n1.1\nClimate\nU.S. Local\nClimatic\nU.S. Radar\n1.2\n2.2\nof 2000\nStorm Reports\nData\nComposites\n0.9\n1.6\n0.6\n1.1\n0.3\n0.5\n0.0\n0.0\n0.3\n-0.5\n-0.6\n1.1\n-0.9\n1.6\nNOAA\n1.2\n2.2\n1880\n1900\n1920\n1940\n1960\n1980\n2000\nYear\nNCDC Home Page: www.ncdc.noaa.gov\nA National Resource for Climate Information","QC\n875\nU62\nN3\n200\nPRODUCTS AND SERVICES GUIDE\nNATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER\nASHEVILLE, NC\nLIBRARY\nJanuary 2001\nJUN 08 2005\nNational Oceanic &\nNeal Lott\nAtmospheric Administration\nU.S. Dept. of Commerce\nTom Ross\nAxel Graumann\nSee ehttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html for a digital copy of this guide.","A message from the Director, National Climatic Data Center\nThe National Climatic Data Center offers a wide range of products and services. Our users range\nfrom large engineering firms designing the latest in safe energy efficient structures, to the\nattorney documenting a weather event, to the individual planning for a retirement move.\nServices offered include data resource consultations, subscription items and publications, copies\nof original records, certifications, generation of specialized climate studies, and a host of other\nclimate-related activities. Services are delivered on a variety of media including on-line access,\nCD-ROMs, magnetic tape, floppy disks, computer tabulations, maps, and publications.\nTom Karl\nDirector\nAbout the National Climatic Data Center\nThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Data Centers (of which NCDC\nis the largest) are world-class centers that provide long-term preservation, management, and\nready accessibility to environmental data. The combined archive includes records taken even\nbefore Ben Franklin's weather observations and continues with the latest real-time satellite\nimagery. The Centers are part of the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information\nService (NESDIS). The NCDC is located in Asheville, NC.\nNCDC Mission Statement\nNCDC's mission is to manage the Nation's resource of global climatological in situ and remotely\nsensed data and information to promote global environmental stewardship; to describe, monitor\nand assess the climate; and to support efforts to predict changes in the Earth's environment. This\neffort requires the acquisition, quality control, processing, summarization, dissemination, and\npreservation of a vast array of climatological data generated by the national and international\nmeteorological services.\n2","TABLE OF CONTENTS\nSECTION\nPAGE\nWORLD WIDE WEB SERVICE\n4\nONLINE DATA AND PRODUCT ACCESS\n9\nCLIMATE MONITORING AND EXTREMES\n26\nCLIMATE RESEARCH\n37\nONLINE PUBLICATIONS\n43\nSATELLITE AND RADAR DATA & PRODUCTS 46\nCD-ROM PRODUCTS\n50\nSPECIALIZED PRODUCTS\n57\nDIGITAL DATASETS\n59\nPUBLICATIONS\n80\n3","WORLD WIDE WEB SERVICE\nADDRESS: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov\nThe National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) maintains an Internet World Wide Web (WWW)\nhomepage service. This service is accessible through numerous Internet 'browsers,' such as\nNetscape or Internet Explorer. Some of the datasets and products available via WWW are\nhighlighted in the following pages, with at least the first page of the web system shown. Our\nWWW service is frequently updated, SO we encourage you to check our homepage for the latest\nupdates, and only use this Guide as an overview of some of our online products and services.\nOur web system includes access to U.S. and global climatic data, satellite data, radar images,\ninventories of datasets available off-line, publications, climate monitoring reports, special reports\non extreme weather events, and an on-line ordering system. Approximately 350 gigabytes of data\nand information are downloaded each month from this system. If you encounter slow response\nfrom the system during peak hours (typically late morning through afternoon), we suggest you try\nagain during other times of day (or night). We appreciate your usage and suggestions!\nFollowing is an outline of our current online datasets and products. For a link to this list and to\neach of the items listed, see http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.html. Our most\npopular products are highlighted at http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwAW~MP\nFor a quick-review matrix of datasets and products, see\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/datasel.html. And, for a station locator, go to\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/stationlocator.html.\nClimatology, Climate Monitoring, & Extreme Events\nExtreme Weather and Climate Events System\n(Maps, tables, reports...US/global historical extremes, severe weather, recent events,\nclimate monitoring, etc)\nU.S. Climatological Averages and Normals\n(Long-term monthly averages/normals for over 270 U.S. cities)\nU.S. Storm Events Database\n(1950 - present, local storm reports, damage reports, etc from various sources)\nClimatic Summaries in Published Form:\nAnnual Climatological Summaries (Monthly/Annual Summaries for ~ 8000 U.S.\nLocations)\n4","Climatological Data (Daily/Monthly Data for ~ 8000 U.S. Locations)\nClimate Variations Bulletin (Monthly Reports of U.S. Climate)\nClimates of the World (Regional Narratives and Climatic Tables by City)\nClimatography of the U.S. (Maps of Temperature, Precipitation, Degree Days)\nClimatography of the U.S. - Monthly Normals (1961-1990)\nFreeze/Frost data for the U.S. (PDF format)\nHeating and Cooling Degree Days (Monthly State, Regional, and National Degree Days)\nHourly Precipitation Data (Hourly Precip Data for over 2500 U.S. Locations)\nLocal Climatological Data (Hourly/Daily Data for nearly 300 U.S. Cities)\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World (Selected Worldwide Cities' Climate Summaries)\nStorm Data Publication (Monthly Reports of Damaging Weather)\nWind Climatology (PDF format) (Wind Climatology for selected U.S. Cities)\nSurface Data: Graphs & Maps\nClimate Visualization (CLIMVIS)\nGraphics/Selection of global station data--includes daily values for U.S. and global\nstations, and monthly data for global stations and U.S. climate divisions.\nGridded Climate and Satellite Data\nGraphics / Selection of gridded climate and satellite data (modeled).\nSurface Data: Hourly (Temperature, Precipitation, Winds, Pressure, Etc)\nData Files and Printable Forms:\nU.S.--Select by Station (Unedited Local Climatological Data)\n-\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, before final quality control, all elements *)\n- U.S.--Select by Station (Edited Local Climatological Data)\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, after final quality control, all elements *)\n- U.S. .--Select -- by Station (Unedited Surface Weather Obs, 10A/B)\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, before final quality control, all elements *)\nData Files:\n- U.S. Hourly Precipitation--Select by Station\n(Full period of record, 1948 - present, over 6000 stations)\n- U.S. 15-Minute Precipitation--Select by Station\n(Full period of record, 1971 - present, over 3400 stations)\n- Precipitation for Selected National Weather Service Sites\n(1995 - March 1999, ~ 75 stations)\n5","Surface Data: Daily (Temperature, Precipitation, Winds, Pressure, Snow, Etc)\nData Files and Graphics:\n- Global and U.S.--Select by Station, or All Stations by Month\n(1994 - present, over 8000 worldwide stations with over 1000 in U.S., all elements*)\n- U.S. .--Select -- by Station, or By Region (Contour Map)\n(1948 - 1998, over 500 stations, all elements *)\nData Files and Printable Forms:\n- U.S. High Resolution--Select by Station (Cooperative, NWS)\n(1996 - present, over 8000 stations, temperature and precipitation)\n- U.S.--Select -- by Station (Unedited Local Climatological Data)\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, before final quality control, all elements *)\nU.S. -- Select by Station (Edited Local Climatological Data)\n-\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, after final quality control, all elements *)\nData Files:\n- U.S. High Resolution--Select by Station (Cooperative, NWS)\n(Full period of record, 1948 - present, over 18000 stations, all elements *)\n- World War II Era\n(1940 - 1945, 162 stations, all elements *)\n- Daily U.S. Historical Climate Network\n(1901 - 1997, 138 selected long-term stations, temperature and precipitation)\n- Global Student Network\n(\"GLOBE\", 1995 - present, temperature and precipitation)\nSurface Data: Monthly (Temperature, Precipitation, Pressure, Etc)\nData Files and Graphics:\n- Global Data--Select by Station, or All Stations\n(\"GHCN\", 1800 - 1996, over 7000 stations, temperature/precipitation/pressure)\n- U.S. National/State/Divisional Data--Select by State/Division, or Complete\nDatasets, or Plot (Line Graph) Divisional Averages\n(1895 - present, national/state/divisional averages by month, temperature &\nprecipitation)\nData Files and Printable Forms:\n- U.S. Data--Select by Station (Unedited Local Climatological Data)\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, before final quality control, all elements *)\n- U.S. Data--Select by Station (Edited Local Climatological Data)\n(1996 - present, over 300 stations, after final quality control, all elements *)\n- Annual Climate Summaries--Select by Station (Cooperative Network)\n(1996 - present, over 8000 stations, temperature and precipitation)\n6","Data Files:\n- U.S. High Resolution--Select by Station (Cooperative, NWS)\n(Full period of record, 1948 - present, over 18000 stations, all elements *)\n- Global Data--Select by Station\n(1986 - 1998, over 3000 stations, all elements *)\n- U.S. Precipitation Data by State\n(1948 - 1997, over 8000 active stations, cooperative network + NWS sites)\n- U.S. Historical Climate Network Data\n(\"USHCN\", 1880 - 1997, over 1000 long-term stations, temperature and\nprecipitation)\nSurface Data: Modeled\nData Files and Graphics:\n- Global Surface Temperature Anomalies (Modeled)\n(1992 - present, monthly temperature)\n- Gridded Climate and Satellite Data (Modeled)\n(1860 - 1996, monthly temperature and precipitation)\nData Files:\n- Global Climate Model--100 Year Run, or 1000 Year Run\n(Temperature and precipitation models based on CO2 estimates)\nMarine Data\nData Files and Graphics:\n- Global Buoy Data--Select by Buoy\n(1994 - present, click on ocean basin for station list, all elements *)\nData Files:\n- U.S. Coastal Subset of Global Marine Dataset\n(\"COADS\", 1980 - 1992, all elements *)\n* - \"all elements\" - Indicates all available elements as reported by each station, such as winds,\ntemperature, dew point, visibility, pressure, weather conditions, precipitation amount, snow\ndepth, etc.\n7","NCDC HOMEPAGE\nNational Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBook\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/\nWhat's Related\nNOAA\nNESDIS\nNCDC\nSearch\nHelp\nHome\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nNational Climatic Data Center\n\"World's Largest Archive of Weather Data\"\nAbout NCDC I What's New / Hot I Search I Help\nFind Weather Station/Data (city/station name)\nSearch\nIn the Spotlight\nLocate NCDC Products by\nClimate\nMost Popular Products | User Description\nAtlas\nWeather Station/City I Category / Type\nof the\nNVDS (Keywords, Maps, Regions, etc.)\nContiguous\nUnited States\nOnline Store\nProducts I Subscriptions Order Status\nBrowse by Data Type\nSatellite I Climate | Radar\nCenter\nDiscover Information About Climate\nUnited States Climate Atlas CD-ROM\nResearch I Monitoring I Extremes & Events\nNCDC is the world's largest active archive of weather data. NCDC produces numerous climate\nWorld Data\nDocument Done\nis\nAME\nStart\nLotus\nNa\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:08 AM\n8","ONLINE DATA AND PRODUCT ACCESS\nNCDC: Get/View OnLine Climate Data - Netscape\nFile\nEdit\nView\nGo\nCommunicator\nHelp\nMy\nBack\nForeign\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.htm\nWhal's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nGet/View Online Climate Data\nand Weather Observations (updated 29 November 2000)\nSurface Data Graphs I Hourly Daily Monthly Modeled\nUpper Air Data\nMarine Data\nNCDC Data/Product Selection Matrix (quick view of online data & products)\nClimatology & Extreme Events\nImportant Notes (pertaining to the items above)\nMost Popular Data & Products (popular online & offline products)\nNNDC Climate Data Online (full time series, user-driven data selection)\nFind a U.S. Station or Location (numerous search methods)\nData & Products by Category (such as temperature or agriculture)\nUtility Software (decompression software, etc)\nConversion Charts (units conversions, etc)\nItems below marked with\nare recent additions,\nare the most popular.\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.html#MONTHLY\n&\nStart\nLotus\nNCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:25 AM\nNCDC Data Selection Matrix Netscape\nFile\nEdit\nView\nGo\nCommunicator\nHelp\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/datasel.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Get/view Online Data / Selection Matrix / Most Popular\nNCDC DATA/PRODUCT SELECTION MATRIX\nU.S. Hourly/Daily,\nU.S. Hourly/Daily #2.\nLocate a U.S. Weather\nU.S. Hourly Precip, ASCII\nPrintable Form\nPrintable Form\nStation\nFiles (1948-Present)\"\n(1996-Present)*\n(1996-Present)*\nU.S. 15-Minute Precip,\nU.S. Daily, Printable\nU.S. Daily, ASCI Files\nGlobal Daily, ASCII Files\nASCII Files\nForm (1996-Present)*\n(1948-Present)*\n(1994-Present)\n(1971-Present)\nGlobal Daily, Graphs &\nWorld War II Daily\nU.S.MonthlybyClimate\nU.S. Monthly, ASCII Files\nFiles (1994-Present)*\n(1940-1945)\nDivision (1895-Present)*\n(1948 Present)\nGlobal Monthly, GHCN\nGlobal Monthly,ASCII\nSatellite Images of\nSatellite Data\n(1800-2000)\nFiles (1986-1999)\nSignificant Events\nUpper Air Data\nNEXRAD Radar Data and\nSurface Data Inventories\nInventories &\nClimate Research\nImages\n& Information\nInformation\nExtreme Weather and\nLinks to Other WWW\nNCDC Publications\nNCDC CDROMs\nClimate Events\nSites\n(See footnotes below for further information)\nDad\nBress\nhttp://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://ols.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nndc/buy0L-003.cg\nStart\nS Inbox\nLolus\nNCD\nCorel\nPaint\n3N\n9.27 AM\n9","NCDC: Most Popular Products, Most Popular Products - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\na\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch Netscape Print\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwAW~MP\nNCDC / Search / Help / Most Popular Products\nMost Popular Products\nMost Requested\nDownloadable NOW\nCD-ROMs\nSubscriptions\nPublications\nFree\nDigital ASCII Files\nQuestions\nShow All Most Popular Products by Name or by Popularity\nNotes: See Icon Legend for description of icons. Some\nproducts and samples require Adobe Acrobat Reader\nDocument: Done\n200\nis\nStart\nLotus\nENCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9.28 AM\nNCDC: Locate Weather Observation Station Record M Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMg\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nWhat's Related\nLocation\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/stationlocator.html,\nNCDC / Climate-Radar Data Inventories / Locate Station / Search / Help\nLocate Station by:\nWEB\nLatitude/Longitude\nCLIMATE\nState/Division/County/City *\nSERVICES\nList Radar Stations by Name / by Alias\nSearch By: Select the field you wish to search\nWebCliServ Version 2.1\nStation Name*/City* (city not identified in some records)\nLocate\nZip Code*\nState* (use two character abbreviation)\nWeather\nCounty* (county not identified in some records)\nWBAN #*\nObservation\nCall Sign*\nCooperative Station ID#*\nStation\nWorld Meteorological Organization ID#*\nEnter the value you wish to find,\nRecord\nSearch\nU.S. Controlled Stations Only\nNEW?\nList of Stations with Photographs Available On Line\nAt This Time\nDocument: Done\nI\nav\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lolt\nPaint Sho\nA NCDC:\n2:49 PM\nBu\n10","National Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBloo\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://gis.nodc.nndc.noaa.gov/atlas.htm\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp * Contacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase.\nOrder Shopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nSelect data set category:\nNatural Hazards\nObservatories\nAll Datasets\nSurface Weather Data\nPrecipitation Data\nRadar Inventories\nOcean Data\nHot Springs\nAll Atlas Datasets\nIndex Map\nZoom In\n2X\nZoom Out\n2X\nPan\nIdentify\nWorld\nRedraw\nIndex Map\nHelp\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLotus\nNati.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n10:07 AM\nNational Virtual Data System Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPhill\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation\n/http://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.main?look=1\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\n*\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase.\nOrder Shopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nData\n1) Select Category of Data & Products\n&\n*All\nProducts\nClimate\n*All\nGeophysical\n*All\nCategory\nOceanographic\n*All\n/Type\nRadar *All\nSatellite *All\nUser Description\nAgriculture\nSelect Criteria\nto the Right\n2) Show This Type of Data & Products Only\n*All Products\nand\nClick on Continue\n3) Select Action for Above Products\n@\nList\nC\nSearch For:\nContinue\nIf you are looking for weather data from a particular location, you should Locate a Weather Station\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLolus\nNati.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n10:10 AM\n11","NOAA National Data Center Climate Data Online System\nDuring 1998-1999, the National Climatic Data Center developed the NOAA National Data\nCenter Climate Data Online (NNDC CDO) System to a) provide fast, easy online access to a\nvariety of climatic datasets; b) provide the climatic support and backbone for the NNDC Server\n(in development); and c) facilitate migration from a Unisys mainframe customer support\nenvironment to an open systems unix environment.\nThe system includes both recent and historical data, useful for studies of particular weather\nevents, and for historical analysis of data for statistical and other research purposes. The types of\ndata currently included in the system, which continues to be populated, are surface daily and\nmonthly data, hourly precipitation data, and 15-minute precipitation data. The data are primarily\nfor the United States, although there are two monthly datasets, one of which includes global\nstations. The system will be greatly expanded during 2000-2001, with global surface hourly and\nglobal upper air data to be added to the system. The URL is: http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov.\nThe NNDC CDO backbone is an Oracle relational database system, using structured query\nlanguage and other programming languages to retrieve data. Data are accessible and selectable\nby region, country, state (US), climate division (US), county (US), and station, and by time\nperiod (year, month, day, hour). The data are available free of charge to NOAA users and to\neducational institutions (.edu), with charges applied for other users. However, charges are\ngreatly reduced as compared to traditional off-line delivery of climatic data.\nThe climatic data currently accessible are:\n- Daily (primarily U.S.) for full period of digital record, typically 1948 to present, over 19,000\nstations historically, over 8000 currently active.\n- Monthly (primarily U.S.) for full period of digital record, typically 1948 to present, over 19,000\nstations historically, over 8000 currently active.\n- Global monthly for 1987 to present, over 3000 stations historically, over 1000 currently active.\n- Hourly precipitation (primarily U.S.) for full period of digital record, typically 1948 to present,\nover 6000 stations historically, over 2800 currently active.\n- 15-minute precipitation (primarily U.S.) for full period of digital record, typically 1971 to\npresent, over 3400 stations historically, over 2400 currently active.\nThe main user interface (Figure 1) allows initial selection by region, by country, or by data type.\nSo, you can select, for example, one country to see what types of data are available for that\ncountry. Or, you can select one data type to see what countries and stations have data available\nfor that type of data.\nThe next \"page\" (Figure 2) allows selection of the entire dataset ('worldwide'), selection by\nregion, by country, or by station number range. Selection of United States as the country then\nleads to an interface (Figure 3) allowing selection by entire state, climate division, county, or\n12","individual station(s). This is quite flexible in that you can select, for example, all stations in a\ncounty, or just pick selected stations from a particular state.\nThe next \"page\" will vary depending on what you selected SO far. For example, if you choose\n\"climate division\" as your criteria, you'll then see a map of the divisions for that state (Figure 4).\nIf you choose \"county\" as your criteria, you'll see a list of counties (Figure 5). If you choose\nstation as your criteria, you'll see a full list of stations for the state (Figure 6).\nThe next \"page\" (Figure 7) then provides for selection of the period/dates you require and the\noutput format desired. Also, some datasets (e.g., daily, monthly) provide element selection\ncapability on this page, SO that you can select just the desired weather elements (e.g.,\nprecipitation, temperature). Our basic format options (for most datasets) are:\nSpace-delimited with station name in each data record\nSpace-delimited without station name\nComma-delimited with station name in each data record\nComma-delimited without station name\nThe standard (archive) variable length format for that particular dataset\nThe standard fixed length format for that particular dataset\nMost users prefer one of the delimited formats. Comma-delimited is often better for import into\na spreadsheet. Space-delimited is easier on the eyes and easy to write a program for, such as with\nFortran or C++. The standard dataset formats are often required by users with application\nprograms previously written for those specific NCDC formats.\nThe next \"page\" will provide a summary of your request and will then direct you into our Online\nStore, unless you have free access as mentioned above. The Online Store then requests payment\ninformation, with a similar interface as you would see for other online systems. At present,\npayment by credit card is the only option, but we plan to add a subscription option, whereby\nusers will be able to subscribe to the system for a year at a fixed price.\nFinally, you're directed to an html address with a list of files that have been produced, or are\nbeing produced. Your data file may already be available, SO you can click on the file to see if it's\nthere. If not, just bookmark the page for future reference. Also, you're \"double-covered\" in that\nwe send you an email with directions to your data when your order has finished processing.\nYou'll have access to the data file, an inventory for your selection, a station list, and data format\ndocumentation. Most small orders (e.g, a few mb) complete processing in a few minutes.\nHowever, some larger orders require a few hours to process, SO keep that in mind after placing\nyour order. Of course, if our system is quite busy, run times will be longer; and if the internet\n\"lines\" in your path to NCDC are busy, your time required to ftp the data files will be longer.\nA complete help system is included (http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/info.html) with a data price\nschedule, general system information, detailed system help for diagnosing problems (e.g.,\n13","inability to connect due to firewall on user end), format documentation, data samples, station\nlists, utility software, etc.\nAlthough with limited publicity, this system has proven to be quite popular since its online\nimplementation in June 1999. Customers for the available datasets are now frequently using this\nsystem rather than placing off-line orders by phone for later delivery by mail. However, when\noff-line orders are placed, NCDC uses NNDC CDO to fill the order and provide the data on the\nrequested media (e.g., CDROM, zip disk, magnetic tape, ftp delivery). This means we only have\nto maintain one system for both online and off-line support for these datasets, and future datasets\nthat will be added. That translates into substantial cost savings to the government.\nWe currently limit the data volume for a specific user-requested file to 40 mb, which is then\ncompressed (gzip) to 5 mb or SO. We plan to increase that limit in the near future, as bandwidth\nimprovements allow. Of course, you can place several orders (i.e., for several files) in one web\nsession to retrieve all of the required data. For the immediate future, we suggest that\nrequirements for large data volumes (over ~ 100 mb) be placed as an off-line order by phone\n(828-271-4800) or email (orders@ncdc.noaa.gov).\nAgain, the system URL is: http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov. We encourage you to give it a try and\nprovide feedback to us. We continue to implement enhancements to the system, with user\nfeedback being a key to that process. Our long-term plan is for this system to be NCDC's\nprimary method of delivering in-situ data to weather and climate data customers. Also, the\ncapability to generate html printable forms directly from NNDC CDO will gradually be added to\nthe current ASCII text output format options. Users may access both the NNDC CDO system\nand a separate system for printable forms via our homepage (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov).\n14","Figure 1\nClimatic Data Initial Selection Criteria RC Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nN\nBack\nReload\nFORMS\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks Location: http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/poemain.poe\nWhat's Related\nNCDC/Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nMake ONE selection and click \"Continue\"\nSelect a geographic region:\nOR Select a country:\nAll Regions\nAll Countries\nAfrica\nAfghanistan\nAmerica, Central\nAlbania\nAmerica, North\nAlgeria\nAmerica, South\nAmerican Samoa\nAntarctica\nAndorra\nAsia\nAngola\nOR Select a dataset:\nHelp me!\nAbout the system\nNone Selected\nW\nPrecipitation Data, 15 minute (Over 6,100 U.S. some non-U.S. sites)\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly (Over 6,100 U.S. some non-US sites)\nSurface Data, Daily (Over 19,000 U.S. some non-US sites)\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nDocument Done\nis\nStart\nDistiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobal\nClim\nPaint\n5:15PM\nFigure 2\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly US & some non-US Initial Selection Criteria Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator\nHelp\nMy\nN\nBack\nFORM\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdomain.abbrev2id\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly - US & some non-US\n(TD3240)\nRetrieve data for:\nWorldwide\nGeographic Region None Selected\nCountry\nNone Selected\nStation Range (COOP IDs):\nto\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nData Documentation\nData format documentation\nSpace delimited data sample, without station names\nStart\nDistiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobat\nPieci.\nPaint S\nav\n5.16PM\n15","Figure 3\nTD3240 Climatic Data for United States - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdomai subqueryrouter\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly in US & some non-US (TD3240)\nRetrieve data for:\nEntire Country\nSelected United States stations - Note: may be slow to load station list on next page\nOr select a State / Province None Selected\nand retrieve for\nEntire State\nSelected Climate Divisions\nSelected Counties\nSelected Stations in the state\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nDocument Done\n&\nav\nStart\nDistlier\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobal\nTD32\nPaint S\n5.17PM\nFigure 4\nTD3240 Climatic Data for North Carolina Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdomain.s subqueryRouter\nWhat's Related\n/ Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly - US & some non-US (TD3240)\nSelect North Carolina climate divisions\nDivision\nStns Period of Record\n45 08/1902 to 08/1999\n2\n01 - Southern Mountains\n3\n@\n02 Northern Mountains\n11 10/1942 to 08/1999\n4\n03 Northern Piedmont\n14 06/1948 to 08/1999\n1\n$\n04 Central Piedmont\n7 06/1948 to 08/1999\n05 Southern Piedmont\n9 04/1948 to 08/1999\n6\n06 Southern Coastal Plain\n10 06/1948 to 08/1999\n07 - Central Coastal Plain\n7 08/1940 to 08/1999\n08 - Northern Coastal Plain\n12 06/1948 to 08/1999\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobat\nTD32\nPaint S.\n5:18 PM\n16","Figure 5\nTD3240 Climatic Data for North Carolina - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www5.nodc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdomain.subqueryRouter\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly - US & some non-US (TD3240)\nSelect North Carolina counties (maximum of 100)\nCounty\nStns Period of Record\nAlamance\n3 06/1948 to 08/1999\nAlexander\nNo data available\nAlleghany\n1 10/1942 to 08/1999\nAnson\n1 06/1948 to 08/1999\nAshe\n1 04/1958 to 08/1999\nAvery\nNo data available\nBeaufort\nNo data available\nBertie\nNo data available\nBladen\n1 06/1948 to 08/1999\nBrunswick\nNo data available\nBuncombe\n5 08/1902 to 08/1999\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobal\nTD32\nPaint S.\nau\n5:18 PM\nFigure 6\nTD3240 Climatic Data for North Carolina Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdomain.subqueryRouter\nWhat's Related\nNCDC/Climate/Get/View/NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly - US & some non-US (TD3240)\nSelect North Carolina stations (maximum of 100)\nStation Name\nCOOP ID Period of Record\nAsheville\n310301 08/1902 to 08/1999\nAsheville-Hendv 11 Ap\n310296 10/1949 to 09/1951\nAsheville/Mun. Nc\n310300 09/1964 to 08/1999\nAshford\n310312 06/1948 to 08/1999\nAshford 2 N\n310314\n09/1973\nto\n11/1980\nB Everett Jordan Dam\n310750\n05/1978\n08/1999\nto\nBadin\n310438\n04/1948\n08/1999\nto\nBeetree Dam\n310650\n09/1948\nto\n12/1955\nBeetree Dam 2\n310652\n03/1949\nto\n03/1949\nBeetree Gap\n310655\n09/1948 to 12/1950\nBlue Ridge Post Off\n310909\n09/1948 to 08/1972\nSort by Station ID\nContinue\nClear Selections\nPrevious Page\nNew Search\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobal\nTD32\nPaint S.\nav\n5:19 PM\n17","Figure 7\nTD3240 Climatic Data for North Carolina - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMul\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: p://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plclimprod/plsql/cdoma dateoutmode\nWhat's Related\nNCDC/Climate / Get/View / NNDC CDO / Search / Help\nNNDC CLIMATE DATA ONLINE\nPrecipitation Data, Hourly 000 US & some non-US (TD3240)\nfor North Carolina - 1 stations.\nSelect Date Restrictions:\nUse Date Range\n= OR =\nUse Selected Dates *\nYear\nMonth Day\nYear\nMonth Day\n1999\n12\n31\nFrom\n1999\n08\n01\n1998\n11\n30\nTo\n1997\n10\n29\n1999\n08\n26\n1996\n09\n28\n1995\n08\n27\n1994\n07\n26\n1993\n06\n25\n1992\n05\n24\nSelect Output Format:\nSelect Output Media:\nDelimited, with station name\nFTP\nDocument Done\n53\nStart\n* Distiller\nWorksp\nCorel\nAcrobat\nTD32\nPaint S\nav\n5.20 PM\n18","National Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nReload this page from the server L//?http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nndc/buyOL-002.cgi\nBookmarks\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder\nShopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nUnedited Local Climatological Data\nView Sample The Unedited Local Climatological Data product consists of unedited hourly, daily, and monthly summaries for\nover 700 U.S. locations\nSNEWS SAVE MONEY! Order a subscription to this form today and have unlimited access for one year.\nNOTICE!! Please read our updated notice on our data access policy (free vs. charged).\n- Station Query Methods\nFind a particular station by using one of the following query methods:\nUsing Call Sign:\nList ordered by Call Sign or\nLike Call Sign or\nExact Call Sign\nUsing WBAN Number:\nList ordered by WBAN Number or\nLike WBAN Number or\nExact WBAN Number\nUsing Station Name:\nTist ordered hot Station Name or\nReload the current page\nis\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho\nNational\n241 PM\nNational Virtual Data System - Netscape\nEdit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation\ns.nndc.noaa.gov:7777/plolstore/plsql/olstore.publist?prodnum=C00128-PUB-S0001&subset=005\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword Atlas Region\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder Shopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nEdited Local Climatological Data Publication\nANC -Anchorage International Airport Anchorage, AK\nANN -Annette Island Airport Annette, AK\nBRW -Barrow W Post W Rogers Airport Barrow, AK\nBET -Bethel Airport Bethel, AK\nBTT Bettles Field Bettles, AK\nBIG Big Delta Allen AAF Big Delta, AK\nSelect A Station\nThis publication summarizes temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, wind speed and direction\nobservations for several hundred cities in the U.S. and its territories. Most monthly publications also contain the\n3\nhourly weather observations for that month and an hourly summary of precipitation Annual LCD publications contain\na summary of the past calendar year as well as historical averages and extremes\nIf ordered via the NNDC Online Store, this publication is available for your viewing within minutes after your order is\nplaced. If you are one of the agencies entitled to free access to this publication, please see our publications\npage.\nTo view this publication, you must have installed Adobe FREE Acrobat Reader software\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nNational\n2:42 PM\n19","National Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks Location http://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nndc/buyOL-003.cg\nWhat's Related\nHome Help\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual Search by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder * Shopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nSummary of the Day\n- COOP Station Query Methods -\nFind a particular COOP station by using one of the following query methods\nby State, Territory, or Country\nby Station ID:\nLike Station ID or\nExact Station II\nby Station Name:\nLike Station Name or\nExact Station Name\nby Coordinate Ranges.\nSummary ofithe Day\nThe Summary of the Day product consists of daily\nobservations from over 8000 sites in the U.S. for\nrecent 12 months\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lott\nPaint She\nNationa\n2:44 PM\nGlobal Surface Summary of Day Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/res40.pl\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nGlobal Surface Summary of Day\nVersion 5/6 - Over 8000 Worldwide Stations - through Dec 2000\nImportant Notes\nInformational Files\nData Files (Current)\nData Files (All Months)\nData Files (Severe Events)\nUtility Software\nMap of Station Locations\nUncompression Software\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nBrief Description of Data\nDetails/Format\nInteractive Selection/Graphing\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nOF Glob.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\nam\n10.14 AM\n20","NCDC Climate Visualization - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks e Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/xmgr.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC Home Page / Search NCDC\nCLIMVIS\nSample Graphs\nOverview\nInventory\nData-Set Details\nAwards\nGraphics Choices\nChoose Time Series to graph and download datafiles. Choose Contour/Vectors to produce map analyses\nGlobal Summary\nGlobal Historical\nNational Weather Service\nClimate Division\nof the Day\nClimatological\nSummary of the Day\nPrecipitation, Temperature,\n(12 Weather\nNetwork\n(16 Weather Elements)\nand Drought Data\nElements)\nData\nTime Series\nContour/Vectors\nTime Series\nTime Series\nTime Series\nSNEWS\nMail\n-\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller Assista.\nNeal Lott Inb.\nPaint Shop Pro\nNCDC Clim\n2:36 PM\nThis graph. and the datasce associate d with it. are not for commercial distribution\nMon Jan 3 14:40:42 2000\nHENRY\nAntarctica\n-54\n-54\n-62\n-62\n-70\n-70\n-78\n-78\n-86\n-86\n-94\n-94\n1\n3\n5\n7\n9\n11\n13\n15\n17\n19\n21\n23\n25\n27\n29\n31\nDay of the Month: August, 1998\nMaximum Temperature\nMinimum Temperature\n21","Precipitation (Inches)\n21.0\n18.0\n15.0\n12.0\n9.0\n6.0\n3.0\n04\n08\n0.0\n21.0\n18.0\n15.0\n12.0\n9.0\n6.0\n3.0\n03\n07\n0.0\n21.0\n18.0\n15.0\n12.0\n9.0\n6.0\n3.0\n02\n06\n0.0\n21.0\n18.0\n15.0\n12.0\n9.0\n6.0\n3.0\n01\n05\n0.0\nJan Feb Mar Apr MayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\nfar Feb Mar Apr May fun Jul Aug Sep Dat Nev Dec\nNorth Carolina - All Divisions: 1999 (Monthly Averages)\nClimate Division: Temperature, Precipitation, Drought Data po Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/ftppage.html\nClimate Division: Temperature-Precipitation-Drought\nData\nTable of Contents\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nOverview\nThe major parameters in this file are sequential \"Time Biased Corrected\" state climatic division monthly Average Temperatures\n(Deg.F. to 10ths), Precipitation (Inches to 100ths), and Palmer Drought Indices (PDSI, PHDI, PMDI, and ZNDX). Period\nof record is 1895 through latest month available, updated monthly\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nClimate\n2:47 PM\n22","National Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks Location http://nndc.noaa.gov/?http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/nndc/buyOL-005.cgi\nWhal's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder Shopping Cart Order Status Subscriptions\nSystem\nAnnual Climatological Summary\nView Sample Monthly and annual summaries for over 8000 U.S. locations, highlighting monthly average temperatures, total\nprecipitation, heating and cooling degree days, departures from normal, extremes and \"days with 11 values\nSAVE MONEY! Order a subscription to this form today and have unlimited access for one year.\nNOTICE!! Please read the following updated notice on our data access policy (free vs. charged).\n- COOP Station Query Methods -\nFind a particular COOP station by using one of the following query methods:\nby State, Territory, or Country\nby Station ID:\nLike Station ID or\nExact Station ID\nby Station Name:\nLike Station Name or\nExact Station Name\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nNational\n2:47 PM\nWorld War II Era Summary of Day Dataset H Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nN\nBack\nforward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/ww-ii-data.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nWorld War II Era Summary of Day Dataset\nIntroduction\nAvailable Files\nAnonymous FTP\nInstructions\nNotes\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nWorld\n2:44 PM\n23","Conversion Charts> Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location htp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/conversion/mppconversion.h\nWhat's Related\nNCDC/Most Popular Products / Conversion Charts / Search / Help\nMost Popular Conversion and Decoder Charts\nKey to METAR Surface Weather Observation\nCelsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Chart\nWind Chill Chart\nKnots to Miles Per Hour Conversion Chart\nLand Beaufort Scale\nMarine Beaufort Scale\nHeat Index Chart\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/conversion/mppconversion.html\nLastupdated 23 May 2000 by webmaster@ncdc.noga.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nCon\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9.32 AM\nInventories - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC Contents Climate (Inventories\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nInventories/Station Lists\nFor U.S. and Global Surface Data\nIntroduction\n(Updated June 19, 2000)\nSurface Data\nInventories/Station Lists\nGIS Shape Files\nOther Inventories &\nInformation\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nNotes\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nInve.\nInbox\nCotel\nPaint\n9:45: AM\n24","Globe - NCDC Page - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/GLOBE/globe.htm\nWhat's Related\nGLOBE - Global Learning and Observations to\nBenefit the Environment\nTable of Contents\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nReferences\nQuestions and Comments\nDocument Done\n&\n-\nStail\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nGlobe\n2:46 PM\n25","CLIMATE MONITORING AND EXTREMES\nNCDC: Climatic Extremes and Weather Events - Netscape\nFile\nEdit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nN\nMU\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/extremes.htm\nWhal's Related\nNCDC / Climate Resources / Get/View Data / Extremes / Search / Help\nU.S.\nHeavy\nTemperature\nU.S.\nHurricanes\nPrecipitation\nExtremes\nTornadoes\nBillion $$\n1991-2000\nWeather\nWeather\nDisasters\nEvents\nWEATHER\nGlobal\nHistorical\nClimate\nGlobal\nChange\nExtremes\nCLIMATE EVENT\nEl Nino/\nSatellite\nLa Nina\nImages\nNEGAROUS\nClimate\nU.S. Local\nClimatic\nU.S. Radar\nof 2000\nStorm Reports\nData\nComposites\nDocument: Done\nStart\nInbox\nLolus\nE\nNCD\nCorel\nPaint\n4:21 PM\nHurricanes Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForecard\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/hurricanes.html\nWhal's Related\nNCDC / Publications / Extremes & Events / Hurricanes / Search / Help\nHurricanes\nUpdated 11 September 2000\nMark Mitch\nHOAR-IS-HAPT\nSUATEMALA\nHurricane Mitch\nNote: Although the maps below have not been updated to include 1997-2000, please check NOAA's\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/images/hurt-mitch-19981027-n15.gif\nStart\nLolus\nHurri.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\nIN\nH\n9\n4:23 PM\n26","30 NCDC Climate Extremes: Heavy Precipitation - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nconward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/rainfall, html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Publications / Extremes & Events / Heavy Precipitation / Search / Help\nHeavy Precipitation\nUpdated 15 November 2000\nNote: Tables and maps updated through 1998.\nSmall--for a quick view, Large--larger image for printing\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nNCD.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n4:26 PM\nNCDC Climate Extremes: Heavy Precipitation - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nMul\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/rainfall.E html\nWhat's Related\nTYOTO TOTICS ******* uponver through\nSmall--for a quick view, Large--larger image for printing\nUse Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader for PDF Files.\n24-Hour Rainfall Maximums By State (Maps--GIF):\nSmall Map\nLarge Map\nTable (PDF)\nAnnual Rainfall Maximums By State:\nSmall Map\nLarge Map\nTable (PDF)\nAnnual Rainfall Minimums By State:\nSmall Map\nLarge Map\nTable (PDF)\nDocument: Done\nStart\nCorel WordPerte\nNCDC Climat\nPaint Shop Pro\n32\n5.35 PM\n27","NCDC Climate Extremes: Heavy Precipitation - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/rainfall.html\nExtreme Events & Special Reports:\n2000\nClimate-Watch, October 2000 (Miami FL Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, September 2000 (TS Gordon and Helene)\nClimatology of Recent Extreme Weather and Climate Events (Tech Report)\nOnline\nscored\nChanges in the Probability of Heavy Precipitation (PDF)\nHeavy Precipitation and High Streamflow in the Contiguous U.S. (PDF)\nClimate-Watch, August 2000 (New Jersey Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, July 2000 (SE Asia Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, June 2000 (Mexico Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, May 2000 (OK/MO Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, April 2000 (Southeast Rains)\nClimate-Watch. March 2000 (Africa Flooding)\nClimate-Watch February 2000 (AK Avalanches, Africa Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, January 2000 (Winter Storms)\n1999\nHurricane Irene-October 1999\nHurricane Floyd-September 1999\nHurricane Dennis-August 1999\nHurricane Bret-August 1999\nOregon, Washington Heavy Rainfall-February 1999\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLotus\nENCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n4.27 PM\nTemperature Extremes - Netscape\n-0x\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation /http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/temperatures.html\nNCDC / Publications / Extremes & Events / Temperature Extremes / Search / Help\nTemperature Extremes\nUpdated 24 August 2000\nDocument: Done\n24\nStart\nLotus\nTem.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n8:57 AM\n28","TemperatureExtremes - Netscape -\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\na\nMy\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/temperatures.html\nWhat's Related\nTemperature Extremes By State (Maps-GIF):\nSmall--for a quick view, Large--larger image for printing\nNote: Tables updated through 1999, maps 1998.\nAll-Time Temperature Maximums By State\nSmall Map\nLarge Map\nTable (PDF)\nAll-Time Temperature Minimums By State\nSmall Map\nLarge Map\nTable (PDF)\nMonthly Temperature Minimums and Maximums By State\nTable (PDF) (2 pages listing all states)\nExpanded Table (PDF)- (multiple pages listing locations)\nUse Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader for PDF Files.\nDocument: Done\nis\nStart\nLolus\nTem.\n>Inbox\nCorel\nPaint\n8:58 AM\n1 Tornadoes Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Publications / Extremes & Events / Tornadoes / Search / Help\nTornadoes\nUpdated 11 September 2000\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLolus\nTorn.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:00 AM\n29","Tornadoes - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/tomnadoes.htr\nWhat's Related\n1950-1995 Long-Term Averages By State (Maps-GIF):\nSmall--for a quick view, Large--larger image for printing\nOverall Average (small) (large)\nOverall Average Per 10,000 Square Miles (small) (large)\nStrong-Violent Average (small) (large)\nStrong-Violent Average Per 10,000 Square Miles (small) (large)\nU.S. Annual Very Strong (F3-F5) Tornado Count, 1950 - 1999 (small) (large)\nNote: Although the maps below have not been updated to include 1997-2000, please check NOAA's\nStorm Prediction Center for more recent maps and tables.\n1990-1995 Annual Totals By State (Maps-GIF):\n1990\n1991\n1992\n1993\n1994\n1995\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLolus\nTom.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:01 AM\nTornadoes Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nreviem\nBookmarks Location http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.ht\nWhat's Related\nSpecial Reports:\nTornado FAQ (from Storm Prediction Center)\nGeorgia Tornadoes--February 2000\n1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term Tornado Climatology (Aug 2000 Update)\nOklahoma, Kansas Tornadoes--May 1999\nArkansas, Tennessee Tornadoes--January 1999\nThe Fujita Tornado Scale\nCalifornia Flooding and Florida Tornadoes--February 1998\nTexas Tornadoes--May 1997\nTornadoes and Flooding-March 1997\nFort Smith, Arkansas Tornado--April 1996\nGalva, Iowa Tornado--June 1994\nSuper Outbreak of April 1974\nTri-State Tornado of March 1925\nTop of Page\nNCDC / Publications / Extremes & Events / Tornadoes / Search / Help\nof\nDocument Done\n&\nStart\nLotus\nTorn..\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\nan\n9.02 AM\n30","Worldwide Weather Events of 1991-2000 - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nit\nN\na\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www.nedc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nProducts\nEvents\nSearch\nHelp\nWorldwide Weather Events of 1991-2000\n2000\n1999\n1998\n1997\n1996\n1995\n1994\n1993\n1992\n1991\nBillion $$ Disasters\nInternational\nHistorical Events\nStorm Events Database\nHurricane Mitch\nWWW Sites with Information\nStart\nLolus\nWorl\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:05 AM\nWorldwide Weather Events of 1991-2000 - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html\nWhal's Related\n2000\nSummary of Major US Events for 2000 (PDF format)\nSummary of Major Global Events for 2000 (PDF format)\nClimatology of Recent Extreme Weather and Climate Events (Tech Report) Oxline\nClimate-Watch, December 2000 (White Christmas? Indonesia Flooding, Southeast US Snow)\nClimate-Watch, November 2000 (Hawaii Rains, Europe Flooding, Typhoon Xangsane)\nClimate-Watch, October 2000 (Hurricane Keith, SE Asia Flooding, Miami Flooding)\nHurricanes 2000\nClimate-Watch, September 2000 (Galveston 1900 Hurricane, S. Plains Heat, Etc)\nJune-August US Drought, Heat, and Fires\nWestern U.S. Wildfires\nClimate-Watch, August 2000 (Western Wildfires, Hurricane Climatology, Global Weather)\nClimate-Watch, July 2000 (Drought in Southeast U.S., Balkan Heat Wave)\nClimate-Watch, June 2000 (Drought/Fires in U.S., Mexico Flooding, Global Weather)\nClimate-Watch, May 2000 (New Mexico Fires, OK/MO Flooding, Global Weather)\nClimate-Watch, April 2000 (Southeast Rains, Weather Satellites, Global Weather)\nClimate-Watch, March 2000 (Africa Flooding, Global Weather)\nClimate-Watch, February 2000 (AK Avalanches, GA Tornadoes, Africa Flooding)\nClimate-Watch, January 2000 (Winter Storms, Global Weather)\nNWS Service Assessments (Special Reports on Particular Events)\nMidwest Climate Watch\nSoutheast Climate Watch\nNortheast Climate Watch\nSouthern Climate Watch\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nWorl.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:06 AM\n31","NCDC: Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/globalextremes.htm\nGlobal Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation\n11\n10a\n12\n10E\nWorld Map with Extremes Plotted\n32\n18a.b\n27\nTemperature Extremes shown in RED\nPrecipitation Extremes shown in ORANGE\nHighest Temperatures\nHighest Average Precipitation\nLowest Temperatures\nLowest Average Precipitation\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller Assista.\nNeal Lott Inb.\nPaint Shop Pro\nNCDC: Glo\n1:43 PM\nNCDC: Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation K Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nBookmarks\nWhat's Related\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/globalextremes.html\nHighest Temperature Extremes\nHighest\nElevation\nLocator #\nContinent\nTemp.\nPlace\nDate\n(Feet)\n(deg F)\n1\nAfrica\n136\nEl Azizia, Libya\n367\n13 Sep 1922\n2\nNorth America\n134\nDeath Valley, CA (Greenland\n-178\n10 Jul 1913\nRanch)\n3\nAsia\n129\nTirat Tsvi, Israel\n-722\n21 Jun 1942\n4\nAustralia\n128\nCloncurry, Queensland\n622\n16 Jan 1889\n5\nEurope\n122\nSeville, Spain\n26\n4 Aug 1881\n6\nSouth America\n120\nRivadavia, Argentina\n676\n11 Dec 1905\n7\nOceania\n108\nTuguegarao, Philippines\n72\n29 Apr 1912\n8\nAntarctica\n59\nVanda Station, Scott Coast\n49\n5 Jan 1974\nLowest Temperature Extremes\nLowest\nElevation\nLocator #\nContinent\nTemp.\nPlace\nDate\n(Feet)\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller Assista.\nNeal Lott Inb.\nPaint Shop Pro\nNCDC: Glo\n1:43 PM\n32","NCDC: HSEI Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\n2\nMul\nBack\nPortant\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/hsei/hsei.pl?directive=welcome\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Satellite / Get/View / HSEI / Search / Help\nHistorical Significant Events Imagery\nHSEI\nHSEI\nWelcome\nWelcome to the National Climatic Data Center's\n(NCDC) Historical Significant Events Imagery\ndatabase (HSEI)! In here you will find hundreds of\nselected satellite images capturing some of the more\nimportant weather and environmental events over\nNCDC\nthe last 30 years\nWelcome\nTo get started, click on the What's New, Quick\nSearch or Most Popular buttons at the left.\nWhat's New\nFrom Quick Search, you can search for images of\na specific type of event for the date range you\nMost Popular\ndesire. You will then see a list of resulting images,\nfrom which you can view/download the image files\nQuick Search\nto your computer for free, or you can order\nCHALLENGER EXPLOSION\nhardcopy matte or glossy finish prints\nHelp / Links\nSpace Shuttle Challenger Explosion January 28 (1986)\nFeel free to contact the Satellite Services Group for any special imaging requirements at satorden@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPermission is granted to use, duplicate, modify, and redistribute any of our images Please give credit to NOAA /\nNational Climatic Data Center\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLot.\nInb.\nCor.\nPai.\n914AM\nNEXRAD National Mosaic Reflectivity Images - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nhorward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation:/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?WWNEXRAD~Images2\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nRadar\nGet/View\nImages\nSearch\nHelp\nNEXRAD National Mosaic Reflectivity Images\nSelect Date\nPlease Select Day, Month, and Year for the desired\nimage.\n1\nJanuary\n2000\nSUBMIT\nCurrently Available\n1 April 1995 to 18 April 1997, Daily\n19 April 1997 to 30 December 2000, Hourly\nHurricane Fran, 5 Sept. 1996; click to enlarge\nImages provided by Weather Services International Corp. (WSI) and NASA though the Global Energy and Water\nCycle Experiment Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP)\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLot.\nCor.\nPai\n9:16AM\n33","Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/billionz.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate Data / Weather Extremes / Billion Dollar Disasters / Search / Help\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\nNOAR\nBillion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters, 1980-2000\nSignature\nNational Climatic Data Center - December 21, 2000\nBillion Dollar U.S. Map\nNarrative\nChronological List\nGlobal Historical Extremes\nEl Nino/La Nina\nNEW * Technical Report\n(PDF)\nSynoptic Map of Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters--1988-1999 --\n(Click en the image for a larger view)\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/ieports/billion/billionmap_pg.\nStart\nBE Bil\nTinb\nLot\nCor.\nPai.\n9:17 AM\nGlobal Climate Change - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nHop\nBookmarks\nWhat's Related\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateextremes.html\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nChange\nSearch\nHelp\nGlobal Climate Change\nUpdated 30 October 2000\nJULY 2000 CURRECT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES COLSUS\nYALUES ARE BLEND or SATELLITY\nCLIMATOLOGICAL\nHASE\nPERIOD\nEvents, Reports, and Publications\nData, Images, and Climatology\nWWW Sites with Natural Disaster and Other\nInformation\nlarger image\nNCDC Contents Climate I Get/View Change Search Help\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLotus\nGlob.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9.21 AM\n34","NCDC: Nino Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\n2\nMy\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStep\nBookmarks Location http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/elnino/elnino.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nProducts\nEl Niño\nSearch\nHelp\nEl Niño/La Niña\nDepicting the Impacts of the 1997-2000 Niño/La Niña\nNOAA Current SST Anomalies (c), 12/31/2000\n(white ragions Indicate 960-100)\nOverview\nEvents and Reports\nData and Images\nEl Nino Image\nNOAA El Niño/La Niña\nPage\nOther Resources\n3.50\n4.00\nNCDC I Contante I Climate I Products F1 Niño I Search I\nHam\nhttp://psbsgil.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.htm\nto\nStart\nLotus\nNCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9.23AM\nClimate of 2000 - Climate Perspectives Reports - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/2000/perspectives.htr\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate Resources / Climate Research / Climate of 2000/Search / Help\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\nThe Climate of 2000\n(US and Global Climate Perspectives)\nClimate Monitoring Group\nNational Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC\nAugust 14, 2000\nAnnual Global Surface Mean Temperature Anomalies\nGlobal Surface Temperature\nAnomalies\nMonthly Reports\nSpecial Reports\nClimate Variations Bulletin\nClimatic Extremes, Weather Events\nClimate of 1999 (Reports)\nClimate of 1999 Annual Review\nDocument: Done\nto\nStart\nLotus\nClim\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9.23. AM\n35","# NCDC Storm Events-Select State - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwEvent^Storms\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate Resources / Climate Data / Events / Storm Events / Search / Help\nStorm Events\nSelect State\nSelect Desired State or *All\nState:\n*All\nContinue\nSearch the NCDC Storm Event database to find various types of storms recorded in your county or use\nother selection criteria as desired. The database currently contains:\nThe Storm Events Database contains data from the following sources:\nAll Weather Events from 1993 - Current, as entered into Storm Data.\nPlus additional data from the Storm Prediction Center; Including\n\"Tornadoes 1950-1992\nDocument Done\nStart\nLotus\nNCD.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\nan\nF\n9:25 AM\nClimate Monitoring Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nN\na\nMy\nBack\nReload\nForward\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/monitoring. html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate Research/Monitoring/Search/Help\nNational Oceanic and\nR\nAtmospheric Administration\nNOAA\nClimate Monitoring\nJ\nReports and Products\nNational Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC\nNovember 8, 2000\nClimate Reports\nAccount Global Surface Messa Temperature Anometes\nClimate of 2000\nData\nClimate of 1999\nClimate of 1998\nOn-Line Access to U.S. Climate Information\nClimate At A Glance\nMonthly Monitoring Products\nUS Temp and Precip\nGlobal Temp and Precip\nWeekly Monitoring Products\nUS Temp and Precip\nOther Products\nGlobal Temperature Anomalies\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLolus\nClim.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:37 AM\n36","CLIMATE RESEARCH\nNCDC: Climate Research - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nBack\nFormers\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateresearch.html\nWhal's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Date\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nClimate Research & Applications\nAbout Climate Research & Applications\nClimatic Extremes and Weather Events\nThe Climate of 2000\nThe Climate of 1999\nThe Climate of 1998\nThe Climate of 1997\nGlobal Warming\nResearch Programs\nPublications, Reports, & Papers\nThe Daily Historical Climatology Network\nWorld Data Center A-Meteorology\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite Climate Radar Search Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products Inventories Research\nDocument: Done\nStart\nLotus\nNCD\ninbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:39 AM\nK\nGHCN Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nMy\nN\nBack\nconvent\nReload\nHome\nSeaich\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/res40.p\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResearch\nGHCN\nSearch\nHelp\nThe Global Historical\nClimatology Network (GHCN)\nMaps/Data Access\nOverview of GHCN\nGHCN Gridded Data\nReferences\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResearch\nGHCN\nSearch\nHelp\nMaps/Data Access\nDocument: Done\nI\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nGHCN\n2:46 PM\nMa\n37","United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n3\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ushon/ushon.htm)\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResearch\nUSHCN\nSearch\nHelp\nUnited States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN)\nUNITED\nIntroduction\nSTATES\nComparing the\nQuality Control,\nUSHCN and the U.S.\nHISTORICAL\nHomogeneity Testing,\nClimate Division\nCLIMATOLOGY\nand Adjustment\nDataset\nProcedures\nReferences\nNETWORK\nData Package\nLogo Image\n(USHCN)\nDescription\nInformation\nUpdated Data Status\nObtain Data On-Line\nClick on Image for Larger View\nNCDC I Contents I Climate Research USHCN Search Help\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/images/ushcn.gi\nStart\nLolus\nPaint\nUnit\ninbox\nCorel\n9:43 AM\nNCDC: USHCN - Daily Historical Climatology Network - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nForward\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nStop\nWhat's Related\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ushon/daily.html\nClimate Research Data\nThe Daily Historical\nSignature\nSTATES\nof\nClimatology Network\nNational Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC\nMarch 19, 1998\n230\n240\n250\n280\n270\n2507\n290\n300\n60\n60\n50\n50\n40\n40\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nNCDC:\n2:45 PM\n38","SSM/I Global Gridded Products C Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nBack\nEngland\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\ntipp\nBookmarks\nLocation: htp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/blended/blended.html)\nWhat's Related\nNCDC Contents Satellite Get/View SSM/I Data Search\nHelp\nBlended Satellite / In Situ Data\nGlobal Surface Temperature Anomalies\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nNCDC Contents Satellite Get/View SSM/I Data Search Help\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho..\nSSM/I\n2:48 PM\nNCDC - U.S. Climate Reference Network - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/cm/cm_main.htm\nWhat's Related\nNCDC / Climate Research / Climate Reference Network / Search / Help\nCLIMATE REFERENCE NETWORK\nIntroduction\nWhy We Need a CRN\nCRN logo\nWho Can Benefit\nWhat Will Be Measured\nSpecifications and\nRequirements\nHow We're Getting Things\nDone\nWhat Has Been Done So Far\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/cm/lg_intro.gil\n36\nStart\nE NCDC\nInbox Ne.\nCorel Wor\nPaint Sho.\n12.50 PM\n39","U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nit\nN\nMy\nBack\nSecurity\nShop\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\n0020\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/normals/us/us_normals.html\nWhat's Related\n1961-1990 CLIMATE NORMALS\nus\nto\nto\n60\nSO\nNO\n20\n10\n0\nN\na\nM\nA\nbe\nI\nI\nA\n3\nO\nti\nD\nMONTH\nU.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals\nMay 14, 1997\n\"Climate Normal\" - Definition The arithmetic average of a meteorological element over 30 years\nIntroduction\nInterpretation of \"Climatic Normals\"\nOverview of the 1961-90 United States Climate Normals Products\nhttp.//wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/normals/us/normals_wash_dc.html\na\nStart\nEUUS\nInbox N.\nCorel Wo.\nPaint Sho.\n12:52 PM\nColonial Archive - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStop\nBookmarks Location http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ghcn/colonialarchive.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResearch\nColonial\nSearch\nHelp\nThe Colonial Era Archive Data Project\nHistorical Data for Data Sparse Underdeveloped Countries\nAbstract\nProject Goals and Methodology\nData Collection and Analysis\nResults and Accomplishments\nContacts\nNCDC I Contents Climate Research Colonial Search Help\nDocument: Done\n2\nStart\nColonia.\nInbox N.\nCorel We\nPaint Sho\n9\n12:53 PM\n40","CARDS Page Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSeatch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cards/cards_homepage.html\nWhat's Related\nComprehensive Aerological\nCARD S\nReference Data Set\nThe goal of the National Climatic Data Center's Comprehensive Aerological Reference Data Set (CARDS) project is to produce a\nglobal upper air data set based on daily (up to four per day) radiosonde observations suitable for use in evaluating climate models and\ndetecting tropospheric and stratospheric climate change.\nPopulated with more than 2300 upper air stations, CARDS currently contains over 27 million quality controlled radiosonde\nobservations These data are comprised of observations collected from over 20 data sources and range from 1940 to 2000. Data is\nadded on a monthly basis and is available within 8 weeks of the data month\nProject Description\nStation Inventories\nDocument Done\nStart\nCARDS\nInbox N\nCorel Wo\nPaint Sho\n12.54 PM\nCOADS - Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSeatch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nptoc\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlinedata/coads/coads.html\nWhat's Related\nThe Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS)\nProject\nComprehensive\nOcean Aggrosphere\nDate\nSet\nCOADS\nIs the Earth's ocean surface getting warmer? Are wind and pressure patterns changing over the global oceans and do these\nchanges relate to recent extreme weather events?\nTo\nanswer questions such as these, data collected today must be compared to data taken over a sufficiently long time span in the\npast. The 142-year historical marine record is maintained through the COADS project. This project is a cooperative effort between\nNOAA -- its NESDIS/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and its Environmental Research Laboratories (ERL)/Climate Diagnostics\nCenter (CDC) -- and the National Science Foundation's National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). COADS provides\na\nstandard of comparison and gives meaning and context to the environmental measurements being collected daily around the globe.\nDocument Done\nStart\nCOADS\nInbox N\nCorel Wo\nPaint Sho.\n12:55 PM\n41","1961-1990 WMO Global Standard Climate Normals - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nGlog\nBookmarks Location: /http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/normals/wmo/wmo-normals.html\nWhat's Related\nATMOSPHERIC\nAND\nNOAA\nOF\n1961-1990 WMO Global Standard Climate Normals\nJuly 2, 1997\nIntroduction\nThe World Meteorological Organization\nProcedure for Processing the 1961-1990 Global Standard Normals\nNormals Products\nClimatic Elements for the 1961-1990 Global Standard Normals\nReferences\nDocument: Done\nNHA\ne\nStart\n1961-1\nInbox N\nCorel Wo.\nBa Paint Sho.\n12:56 PM\n42","ONLINE PUBLICATIONS\nNCDC Climate Products - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nStap\nBookmarks Location http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.htm\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nClimate Products & Publications\nProducts: CDROMs Specialized I Digital Data\nClimatic Reports, Papers, and Summaries\nPublications\nProducts & Services Guide\nBibliography\nOnline Store\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nNCDC Contents I Satellite | Climate I Radar Search Help\nRocamene Assema Data Draducts Immoriarios\nRoenamh\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/clmateproducts.html#F\nStart\nLolus\nIf NCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:48 AM\nNCDC Bibliography (1995-2000) Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nit\nMy\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nDTDP\nBookmarks Location http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/bibliography.htm\nWhat's Related\nNCDC Contents Climate Products\nBiblio.\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC Bibliography\n1999 List\n1998 List\n1997 List\n1996 List\n1995 List\nPublished Papers (1992-2000)\nTechnical Reports (1993-2000)\nAfter finding the citation, you may find an online version in the Published Papers or Technical Reports\nlinks above.\nDocument: Done\nStart\nMAKE\nLolus\nNCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n9:49 AM\nEm\n43","NCDC Climate Products - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nBack\nForeign\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks e Location hhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html\nWhal's Related\nClimatic Reports & Papers:\nThe 2000 Olympic Games--A Climatology for Sydney, Australia\nExtreme Weather and Climate Events (Weather Disasters, Climate Change, Etc)\nPublished Papers (Selected NCDC Papers from Journals, etc)\nTechnical Reports (Special Reports, Studies, Extremes--Climate Satellite, NEXRAD)\nClimatic Summaries:\nAnnual Climatological Summaries (Monthly/Annual Summaries for 2 8000 U.S. Locations)\nClimatological Data (Daily/Monthly Data for 2 8000 U.S. Locations)\nClimate Variations Bulletin (Monthly Reports of U.S. Climate)\nComparative Climatic Data (Climatological Averages for U.S. Cities)\nClimates of the World (PDF format, Regional Narratives and Climatic Tables by City)\nClimatography of the U.S. (PDF format, Maps of Temperature, Precip, Degree Days)\nClimatography of the U.S. - Monthly Normals (1961-1990)\nFreeze/Frost data for the U.S. (PDF format)\nHeating and Cooling Degree Days (Monthly State, Regional, and National Degree Days)\nHourly Precipitation Data (Hourly Precip Data for over 2500 U.S. Locations)\nLocal Climatological Data (Hourly/Daily Data for nearly 300 U.S. Cities)\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World (Selected Worldwide Cities' Climate Summaries)\nStorm Data Publication (Monthly Reports of Damaging Weather)\nWind Climatology (PDF format, Wind Climatology for Selected U.S. Cities)\nOther Reports and Web Pages:\nConversion Charts\nEarth Day, 1999\nEarth Dav. 2000\nDocument Done\nA\nStart\nLotus\nNCD\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n10:46 AM\nNational Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov:7777/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder\nShopping Cart\nOrder Status\nSubscriptions\nSystem\nComparative\nClimatic\nData\nComparative\nClimatic\nData\nfor the UnitedStates through1998\nOverview\nData Tables\nTable Notes\nnoaa\nDownloading of ASCII data used in\nPublication\nOverview\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho\nNational\n2:40 PM\n44","National Virtual Data System - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov:7777/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001\nWhat's Related\nHome\nHelp\nContacts\nNational\nVirtual\nSearch by\nKeyword\nAtlas\nRegion\nCategory\nData\nPurchase\nOrder\nShopping Cart\nOrder Status\nSubscriptions\nSystem\nObserved Data\nTemperature - Highest of Record, Degrees F\nTemperature - Lowest of Record, Degrees F\nMean Number of Days Maximum Temperature 90 Deg. F or Higher\nMean Number of Days Minimum Temperature 32 Deg. F or Less\nMean Number of Days with Precipitation 0.01 Inch or More\nSnowfall (Including Ice Pellets and Sleet) - Average Total in Inches\nWind - Average Speed (MPH)\nWind Maximum Speed (MPH)\nSunshine - Average Percent of Possible\nCloudiness - Mean Number of Days (Clear, Partly Cloudy, Cloudy)\nAverage Relative Humidity - Morning (M), Afternoon (A)\nClimatological Normals\nNormal Daily Maximum Temperature, Degrees F\nNormal Daily Minimum Temperature, Degrees F\nNormal Daily Mean Temperature, Degrees F\nNormal Heating Degree Days (July-June) Base 65 Degrees F\nNormal Cooling Degree Days (Jan-Dec) Base 65 Degrees F\nto//www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/cod/extremelow.html\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho\nNational\n2.40 PM\nNCDC: Heating and Cooling Degree Day Data, (State, Regional. and National) C Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/hcs/hcs.html\nWhal's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResources\nDoc Library\nSearch\nHelp\nHeating and Cooling Degree Day Data\nMonthly State, Regional and National\nHistorical Climatological Series (HCS)\nHCS 5-1: Heating Degree Days\nDATE\nOverview\nPublication\nHCS 5-2: Cooling Degree Days\nOverview\nPublication\nNCDC Contents Climate Resources Doc Library Search Help\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nNCDC:\n2:53 PM\n45","SATELLITE AND RADAR DATA & PRODUCTS\nNCDC: Get/View Online Satellite Data - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nkorward\nPrint\nSecurity\nShop\nBookmarks Location: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satellitedata.htr\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventones\nResearch\nGet/View Online Satellite Data\nHistorical GOES Browse Server\nSatellite Active Archive (Lev lb POES/DMSP DATA)\nImages/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nSSM/I Global Gridded Files from FTP server\nSSM/I Monthly Image Products\nSatellite's Eve Art Galleries (discussions and images)\nInteractive SSM/I and Blended Image Products\nNCDC Contents Satellite Climate Radar Search Help\nResources\nI\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nhttp://wwww.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/olimages html\nStart\nLolus\nNCD.\nInbox\nCorel\nPaint\n10:34 AM\nNCDC Radar Products & Publications - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\n1\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNelscape\nPrint\nSecurity\n3100\nBookmarks\nWhat's Related\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/radar/radarproducts.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nRadar Products & Publications\nProducts\nPublications\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nLevel II Tape Documentation\nVisualization and Analysis Software\nStandard Read Routines for NEXRAD Data\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite Climate Radar Search Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products Inventories Research\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nNCDC\n2.55 PM\n46","Historical GOES Browser Main Page - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation\n(http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plwebapps/plsql/goesbrowser.goesbrowsemain\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nBrowse\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC Historical GOES Browse Server\nGOES Browse Categories\nFull Earth\nNorthern Hemisphere\nJuly 1, 1992 to Dec 14, 1996\nDec 14, 1996 to Present\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nHistoric\n2:57 PM\nSatellite Active Archive - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation: http://www.saa.noaa.gov/help/data.htr\nWhat's Related\nSAA Data Sets\nform\nNOAA Satellite Active\nArchive\nThe SAA offers NOAA and DMSP Polar Orbiting Satellite Data, of which\nwe have the following online:\nUnread 23\nEut EXP Near # 1999\n(Click on the titles for summary metadata, or go to the guides for detailed\nmetadata.\nU.S.\nDipatives of\nCommerce\nAVHRR Level 1B 1978/10/19 > Present\nUltimal\nDreamst and\nGlobal Area Coverage (GAC) 4KM Level 1B\nHigh Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) 1KM Level 1B\nAdams\nLocal Area Coverage (LAC) 1KM Level 1B\nHelp Page\nTOVS/ATOVS Level 1B 1979/07/02 -> Present\nNavigation\nHigh Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounds (HIRS) Level 1B\nMicrowave Sounding Unit (MSU) Level 1B\nFrom: the\nStratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) Level 1B\nReturn to Session\nAdvanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) Level 1B\nbutton to return LA the\nAdvanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) Level 1B\nlast page you were or\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho..\nSatellit\n2:58 PM\n47","Satellite Active Archive - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nMy\nBack\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation\nhttp://www.saa.noaa.gov/help/data.html\nWhat's Related\nReceiving statem\nSea Surface Temperature Measurements\nProcessing Site\n100km Sea Surface Temperature Global\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nFraderic Time\nMail\n50km Sea Surface Temperature Global\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nBeam Position\n14lan Sea Surface Temperature North America\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nResult Page\nEquil Dates\nClimate Measurements\n- Browed Images\nNEW AVHRR Pathfinder Global Products\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nShopping Dem\nShapping District\nGridded Satellite Measurements\nOrder Status\nNEW Microwave Sounding Linit - Deep Layer Mean\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nUne Frefilly\nTemperature\nAerosol Optical Thickness Measurements\nNEW! 100km Aerosol Optical Thickness\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nPress the\nATOVS Matchup Database\nLast Screen\nbutton 00 press\nNEW Matchups of RAOBS and Satellite Observations\nStatic Map\nJava Map\nbroweer's\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho.\nSatellit,\n2:59 PM\nSSM/I Global Gridded Products Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\na\nN\nBack\nFrancisco\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNelscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/ssmi/ssmiproducts.html\nWhat's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nSSM/I Data\nSearch\nHelp\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)\nGlobal Gridded Products\n55M/ Monthly Camposite Products\nClumb inuid\nSrive l'uver\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nNovember 1987\nNCDC I Contents Satellite Get/View SSM/I Data I Search Help\nDocument: Done\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho\nSSM/I\n3:00 PM\n48","SSM/ Monthly Image Products Main Page - Netscape\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nit\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nblop\nBookmarks\nLocation:\nhttp://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plwebapps/plsql/ssmimain\nWhat's Related\nNCDC Contents Satellite Get/View SSM/I Data\nSearch\nHelp\nSSM/T Monthly Image Products\nOverview\nMonthly Mean Temperature (C) Annailly September 199?\nSSMI Mean Temperature and Surface Wetness Anomaliest\nimage Type.\nAnomany\nRegion:\nGlobal\nProduct:\nSnow Cover\nSubmit\nMake your selections above and click the \"Submit\" hutton to proceed\nDocument Done\nStart\nDistiller As.\nNeal Lolt\nPaint Sho\nSSM/I\n3:00 PM\nWeather Satellite Events Art Gallery: Main Gallery -Netscape -\nFile Edit View Go Communicator Help\nN\nBack\nForward\nReload\nHome\nSearch\nNetscape\nPrint\nSecurity\nplop\nBookmarks\nLocation http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satelliteseye/satelliteseye.html\nWhal's Related\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nGallery\nSearch\nHelp\nMiscellaneous\nExtratropical\nHurricanes\nTornadoes\nPhenomena\nCyclones\nBlizzards\nFires\nSatellite's Eye\nCARD\nArt\nEducational Topics\nLatest Masterpiece\nSnowstorms\nVolcanoes\nSea Ice\nFloods\nThunderstorms\nClouds\nDocument Done\n-\nStart\nDistiller As\nNeal Lott\nPaint Sho\nWeathe\n3:00 PM\n49","CD-ROM PRODUCTS\nNCDC produces a suite of CD-ROM's with diverse environmental data ranging from global\ntropical cyclone tracks, to worldwide climatologies, to hourly surface data. More details\nconcerning these CD's, including an on-line ordering system (with discounted prices VS those\nbelow), are accessible via http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html.\nInternational Station Meteorological Climate Summary (ISMCS) Vers 4.0. Provides\ndetailed climatological summaries for 2600 locations worldwide. These locations include\nNational Weather Service stations, domestic and overseas Navy and Air Force sites, and\nnumerous foreign stations. Limited summaries are also given for approximately 4000 additional\nworldwide sites. This version also contains year/month and long term mean precipitation data\nfor 1000 foreign locations. Tabular or statistical data can be exported to a printer or spreadsheet.\nJoint NCDC, USAF and U.S. Navy product. Please note that the non-U.S. data cannot be\nredistributed by users of the CD for commercial purposes. $175.\nU.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas of the World - Vers 1.1. Includes analysis and display\nsoftware for climatological averages of atmospheric and oceanographic data. The data are\nsummarized with user-defined 1 and 5 degree grid areas covering the global marine environment.\nThe summaries are produced using predominately ship data collected between 1854-1969. The\nmajor elements include air and sea temperature, dewpoint temperature, scalar wind speed,\nsea-level pressure, wave height, wind and ocean-current roses. This CD-ROM allows the user to\ndefine element intervals (e.g. 5 to 10 knots, 2 degree temperature intervals). The CD-ROM also\nallows contouring for explicitly user-defined regions and exporting data to a printer or diskette.\nNarratives for Mediterranean ports and ocean basin climatology narratives are included. U.S.\nNavy sponsored product. $175.\nGlobal Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA), 1980-1991. This two-volume CD-ROM set uses\n12-year (1980-1991) 2.5 degree gridded upper air climatic summaries derived from the European\nCentre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model analyses. The CD-ROM\npresents upper air statistics for 15 different vertical levels in the Northern and Southern\nHemisphere for dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, geopotential height, air density, and vector\nand scalar wind speed. The CD-ROM provides access/display software for gridpoint data,\ncontouring capability for user-defined areas, and vertical profiles. The climatology covers the\n12-year period as well as individual year-months. Joint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. $350.\n50","Global Upper Air Statistics (GUAS), 1980-1995. This single-volume CD-ROM set uses\n16-year (1980-1995) 2.5 degree gridded upper air climatic summaries derived from the European\nCentre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model analyses--similar to that used for\nGUACA above. It presents upper air statistics for 15 different vertical levels in the Northern and\nSouthern Hemisphere for dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, geopotential height, air density,\nand vector and scalar wind speed. The CD-ROM provides the data as easy-to-use ASCII files\nwithout access/display software, and covers the 16-year period summarized for each month.\nJoint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. $100.\nCLIVUE CD-ROM. The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) developed a CD-ROM in\nsupport of a museum exhibit which traveled across the U.S. The CD contains a 1,500-station\nsubset of NCDC's nearly 8,000 U.S. daily cooperative stations. The user selects a date and area\nof the U.S. and the CD-ROM database is queried for stations within the specified domain having\ndata. Then, the system displays daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, and\nsnowfall for the site. Graphs showing 7 years, 21 years, and the full period of record (varies by\nstation) for the station(s) are available. Visual displays allow users to view trends, variability,\nand extremes. Joint NCDC and Franklin Institute product. $175.\nSAMSON, 1961-1990. The Solar and Meteorological Surface Observational Network\n(SAMSON) 3-volume CD-ROM set is divided geographically into regions: eastern, central, and\nwestern U.S. It contains hourly solar radiation data along with selected meteorological elements\nfor the period 1961-1990. It encompasses 237 NWS stations in the United States, plus offices in\nGuam and Puerto Rico. The dataset includes both observational and modeled data. The hourly\nsolar elements are: Extraterrestrial horizontal and extraterrestrial direct normal radiation; global,\ndiffuse, and direct normal radiation. Meteorological elements are: Total and opaque sky cover,\ntemperature and dew point, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility,\nceiling height, present weather, precipitable water, aerosol optical depth, snow depth, days since\nlast snowfall, and hourly precipitation. Joint NCDC and NREL product. $175 per region or\n$525 per set.\nRadiosonde Data of North America, 1946-1997. Contains all available radiosonde data for\nNorth America (U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Caribbean Islands) through the 100-mb level on four\ndisks, for 1946-1997. Data include significant, mandatory, and special wind levels for all\nobservation times, and include geopotential height, temperature, dew point, wind direction, and\nscalar speed. The user can select for output to printer, screen, or file: a single station or multiple\nstations for a defined time period, or all stations within a specified geographic region in either\nsynoptic or station sort. The CD contains available station metadata, and software is available to\naccess the data for DOS, UNIX and VMS computer systems. Joint NCDC and ERL product.\n$700, four volume set. The latest single CD-ROM (1994-1997) is available separately for\n$175.\nGlobal Tropical and Extratropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas (GTECCA) 2.0. This single\nvolume CD-ROM contains all global historic tropical storm track data available for five tropical\nstorm basins. Periods of record vary for each basin, with the beginning as early as the 1870s and\nwith 1995 as the latest year. Northern hemispheric extratropical storm track data are included\n51","from 1965 to 1995. Tropical track data includes time, position, storm stage (and maximum wind,\ncentral pressure when available). The user has the capability to display tracks, and track data for\nany basin or user-selected geographic area. The user is also able to select storm tracks passing\nwithin a user-defined radius of any point. Narratives for all tropical storms for the 1980-1995\nperiod are included along with basin-wide tropical storm climatological statistics. Joint NCDC\nand U.S. Navy product. $175.\nGlobal Daily Summary (GDS), 1977-1991. This CD-ROM provides access to a 10,000-station\nset of daily maximum/minimum temperature, daily precipitation, and 3-hourly present weather\nfor the 1977-1991 period of record. Data can be selected for viewing or output to file for\ngeographic areas or by a predefined user-selected list of stations. The dataset includes element\nflags for suspected erroneous data. A data inventory contains station name, latitude/longitude,\nelevation, period of record, and the number of observations of available data. Requires a bare\nminimum of 4MB of RAM, with 8MB of RAM recommended. $175.\nGlobal Historical Fields (GHF), 1899-1994. Northern hemisphere charts. This CD-ROM\nallows users to view daily surface charts for the period 1899 through April 1994. Daily upper air\ncharts (700mb, 500mb, 300mb) are available from the late 1940's through April 1994. Surface\ncharts contour sea level pressure only (not station plots); upper air charts contour geopotential\nheights and temperatures. Charts can be contoured, looped, and exported to a file or printer.\nJoint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. $175.\nU.S. Divisional and Station Climatic Data and Normals. This NCDC CD-ROM contains a\ncollection of ASCII text data and documentation files that pertain to the U.S. climate normals\nand by-products of the normals. Climatic variables include temperature, precipitation, degree\ndays, and Palmer Drought Indices. The current normals period of 1961-1990 is covered with\nmonthly values calculated for approximately 6600 precipitation and 4700 temperature stations.\nThe earlier data/normals are provided for comparison and research applications. This CD-ROM\ncontains no software or extraction routines that allow users to import the data directly into\nspreadsheets or other applications. Format and description of the files match NCDC magnetic\ntape series TD-9640 and TD-9641. $100.\nNCDC Cooperative Station Data, 1948-1997. This NCDC 21 volume CD-ROM set has TD-\n3200 cooperative station data. Major elements include daily high and low temperatures, daily\nrainfall, daily snowfall and snow depth, and evaporation. General period of record is 1948-1993\n(1994-1996 on separate CD; 1997 on separate CD), but longer for selected stations. There are\napproximately 8000 active stations in the dataset. Historically, approximately 23,000 stations are\nincluded for various years. States are grouped geographically into volume numbers. The set\ncontains inventories, station histories, and ASCII data files. Joint NCDC and ARL project. An\nextraction program is provided on diskette. $100 volume or $1300 set. A 1994-1996 single\nvolume CD-ROM is available for $100. A 1997 single volume CD-ROM is also available for\n$100.\nHourly Modeled Sounding Data, 1990. This 12 volume CD-ROM set contains hourly 80 KM\nmodeled gridpoint U.S. sounding data for 1990. This data is the output from the Penn State\n52","University MM4 model which used available daily sounding data for 1990 as input. Wind,\ntemperature, dewpoint depression, and geopotential height data for 8 standard and 15 variable\nlevels are included in the NWS TTAA, TTBB format. One of the applications of this CD-ROM\nis to access air pollution impacts on a local scale. Joint NCDC and ARL product. Sold only as a\nset. $600, 12 volume set.\nCoastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) Station and Buoy Reports and Summarized\nElements (SeaBreeze), 1974-1993. This two volume CD-ROM set contains climatic\nsummaries and archived observations measured by National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) moored\nbuoys and C-MAN stations for 197 sites. The period of record generally covers a 3-20 year\nperiod depending on the station and ends with December 1993. The two volume set consists of\narchived observations and climatic summary tables. All measurements are included except for\nspectral wave data and subsurface measurements. A map shows station locations and data\ninventories show measurements and time periods for each station. The following elements are\nsummarized: monthly frequency distributions of wind speed, wind gust, sea level pressure, air\nand sea temperature, air-sea temperature difference, dew point (where available), significant\nwave height, average and dominant wave period. Additional tables include: wind speed versus\ndirection, significant wave height versus dominant and average wave periods, significant wave\nheight versus wind speed. The individual monthly means and extremes for all measurements are\nincluded. Stations with less than 3 years of data will only have individual monthly means and\nextremes summarized. Joint NCDC and NDBC product. This item is sold only as a set. $350.\nNOAA Weather Charts-CD-ROM Subscription. The series is available as a subscription\n(one year basis only) or as individual CD's, and contains weather charts most commonly used\nby researchers and the general public. They are archived as PCX files on a monthly basis and\nserve as a continuation of NCDC's microfilm archive. The series includes monthly CD-ROM\neditions of: A) Surface and Upper Air Weather Charts; B) Initial Analysis and Forecast Charts;\nand C) Tropical Strip/Precipitation and Observed Weather Charts. Subscription orders begin\nwith the current processed month. Contact NCDC's Climate Services Branch at 828-271-4800,\n4876 FAX, or orders@ncdc.noaa.gov for additional chart details, hardware and software\nrequirements, and ordering information. $300 per year per chart series (A, B, or C), or at a\nreduced price of $600 per year for the entire set. Back issues (begin Oct 94) of the CD-\nROMs cost $100 per CD-ROM.\nPolar Ice, 1972-1994. The Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Data CD-ROM Version 1.0, contains\nweekly ice data in the International Sea Ice in the Digital Form (SIGRID) format for 1972-1994\nfor the Arctic and 1973-1994 for the Antarctic. This .25 degree grid structure includes total ice\nconcentration, thickness stage, and form of ice for the complete period of record. The SIGRID\nformat was designed to meet the sea ice requirements of large-scale climate and statistical\nstudies. The CD-ROM contains no display or extraction routines. The SIGRID reference file\nprovides detailed information concerning the coding system for digitizing sea ice chart data.\nJoint NCDC, U.S. Navy, National Ice Center product. $100.\nHUSWO, 1990-1995. The Hourly U. S. Weather Observations (HUSWO) CD-ROM contains\n1990-1995 hourly weather data for 262 NWS locations. It has a map interface and station list for\n53","data selection, or you can copy the data files directly from the CD (without using the interface).\nThe elements included are: Total and opaque sky cover, temperature and dew point, relative\nhumidity, station pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, ceiling height, present weather,\nASOS cloud layer data, snow depth, and hourly precipitation. Data can be output in either\nEnglish or Metric units. Joint NCDC and EPA product. $175.\nInternational Surface Weather Observations, 1982-1997. The International Surface Weather\nObservations (INSWO) CDROM set contains 5 CD's, and is compatible with MS-DOS, all\nWindows (e.g., 95, 98, NT), and Unix systems. The dataset includes hourly and/or synoptic\n(every three hours) climatic data for approximately 1500 international stations for 1982-1997. It\nprovides excellent worldwide coverage of city locations, including U.S. stations. The 1982-1993\nversion of this dataset was used to develop the climatological tables for the 1997 American\nSociety of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Handbook of\nFundamentals. The elements included are: total sky cover; cloud types by layer; lowest cloud\nheight; ceiling height; temperature and dew point; sea-level pressure; altimeter setting; wind\ndirection, speed, and gust; visibility; three-hour pressure change; present weather and past\nweather. The data and inventory files are well-organized, with directories by state for the U.S.\nand by WMO block for the rest of the world. Each data file contains data for one station-year in\ncompressed form--easily uncompressed with Winzip or with software provided on the CD. The\noverall set contains nearly 15 gigabytes of data when uncompressed. Please note that the\nnon-U.S. data cannot be redistributed by users of the CD for commercial purposes. $500.\nThe Maury Collection, Global Ship Observations, 1792-1910. In recognition of the\nInternational Year of the Ocean (YOTO), NCDC has produced a CDROM entitled \"The Maury\nCollection, Global Ship Observations, 1792-1910.\" It contains nearly 1.5 million historical ships'\nweather observations, 1792-1910, with the majority taken during the period 1820-1860. The\nobservations include air and sea temperatures, ocean currents, pressure, cloud cover, present\nweather, and wind direction/speed. The data were digitized from paper copies of hand written\nforms via the U.S.-PR Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of Marine and Fishery Science and\nTechnology, by the Joint Coordination Panel for Data and Information Cooperation, facilitated\nby NOAA and the government of China. This CD-ROM contains no display or extraction\nroutines. $100.\nUnited States Snow Climatology. This 3-disk CD-ROM set describes the snow climatology of\nthe United States. Snowfall and snow depth data through 1996 were analyzed for 5525 stations\nin the contiguous U.S. and Alaska. Climatic variables include daily, monthly, and seasonal\nsnowfall and snow depth. Computed statistics include mean, median, quartiles, extremes,\nfrequencies, and the number of years with non-missing data. Several indicators were computed,\nbased on the data and metadata, to enable the user to assess the quality of the stations. These\ninclude frequencies of station moves and observation time changes, number of missing values\nand breaks in the record, number of values failing the QC checks, and percentages indicating\nhow complete the data record is. The snow climatology CD-ROM also includes files from two\nother NCDC projects: 1) return period statistics of seasonal (August-July) 1-day, 2-day, and\n3-day extreme snowfall, and total seasonal snowfall amount--for 10-year, 25-year, 50-year, and\n100-year return periods; 2) 1961-1990 snowfall and snow depth normals. The CD-ROM set is a\n54","collection of DOS ASCII files; the CD contains no software or extraction routines that allow the\nuser to import data directly into spreadsheets or other applications. However, a file may be easily\ncopied from the CD-ROM onto a hard drive or other device with the DOS copy command for\nmanipulation. The text files are easily read by a word processor or text file editor. $300.\nTime Series of Global Monthly Vegetation Cover from NOAA/AVHRR, 1985-1997. This\nCD-ROM contains data generated from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\n(NOAA) Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Advanced Very High\nResolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. These data were further processed into\nNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. There are twelve years of global monthly\nNDVI files, in both digital and graphical formats. The CD-ROM is arranged as a series of\nHTML files that are linked to each other through the Welcome page. A portion of this\nCD-ROM is available online at URL: http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/ndvisamp/intro.htm.\n$175.\nGlobal Climate Normals, 1961-1990: This CD-ROM contains a collection of DOS files which\ndescribe the 1961 - 1990 global standard climate normals for over 4000 stations worldwide,\ncomputed by more than 135 countries and territories. The files include ASCII data files,\ndocumentation files, eye-readable ASCII table files, graphics files, and limited extraction\nsoftware. The data are provided in large files with a fixed length record format. They can be\nread by software written by the user according to the format specifications outlined in the\ndocumentation files. The data files may also be opened by any ASCII-compatible application\nthat can handle large data volumes. The graphics files are maps identifying the countries that\nsubmitted normals. This CD-ROM contains no software or extraction routines that allow users\nto import the data directly into their spreadsheets or other applications. This is an NCDC product\nin conjunction with the World Meteorological Organization. $100.\nProbabilities of Temperature Extremes in the USA, Vers 1.0. This CD allows the user to use\nthe U.S. climate normals and various projections of temperature trends to generate statistics for\nnumerous U.S. locations. The software generates frequency distributions of user-selected\ntemperature extremes. $175.\nU.S. Hourly Precipitation Data, 1948-1998. These data and software were developed jointly\nby the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and NOAA's Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL).\nData files contain hourly precipitation amounts for more than 2500 active stations and close to\n7000 total stations. The period of record is 1948 through June 1998, although some stations\nbegin in 1900. Access software, available for most UNIX and DOS platforms, is included to\nextract data from the CDROM archive and, if needed, can be used to summarize the data into\ndaily or monthly precipitation quantities. Display software (java-enabled web browser required)\nwill generate zoomable map and time series graphics. 2-CD set. $350.\nNational Climatic Data Center Periodical Publications. Contains PDF format versions of\nNCDC serial publications. Monthly issues of Climatological Data (all states), Hourly\nPrecipitation Data (all states), Storm Data, and Monthly Climatic Data for the World. $225 for\nlatest quarter, $1000 for one year subscription (issued quarterly).\n55","Engineering Weather Data. This CD-ROM contains an update of a very popular publication\nthat was first printed by the Air Force in 1967 and republished in 1978. As compared to the\nEngineering Weather Data publication, the new interactive CD-ROM database contains updated\nmeteorological tables, new summarized parameters, and graphical displays. Approximately 800\nworldwide stations have been summarized. For each station, the data and information on this\nCD-ROM include: Summarized design criteria data for dry and wet bulb temperatures and\nhumidity ratios, average annual climate summaries, psychrometric summaries, binned\ntemperature data, annual temperature and humidity summaries, heating and cooling degree data\nsummaries for building envelop loads, ventilation and infiltration loads, solar radiation data, and\nseasonal wind direction and wind speed summaries. Please note that the non-U.S. data cannot be\nredistributed by users of the CD for commercial purposes. $100.\nU.S. Climate Atlas. This CD-ROM contains the new Climate Atlas of the Contiguous United\nStates. It replaces a popular paper Atlas last published in 1968. The new CD Atlas contains 737\ncolor maps of climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, snow, wind, pressure, etc.,\nchosen to portray the climate of the contiguous US. The period of record of the data for most of\nthe maps is 1961-1990. The user may install the Atlas onto a local drive, or run the Atlas from\nthe CD. From the Atlas interface, the user chooses an element (temperature, precipitation, snow,\netc.) and a parameter of that element (mean, or maximum, or record extreme, etc.). The Atlas\ndisplays maps of the selected element/parameter using ESRI's ArcExplorer, which is included on\nthe CD. ArcExplorer provides GIS capabilities, such as zoom, query, identify, and theme\nlayering. The Atlas provides access to extensive documentation and help directly from its\ninterface. $175.\nImportant Notes\nMany NCDC CD-ROM products were produced for use in a 'DOS' PC environment and\nwill not work in an Apple 'MAC' environment. In addition, the majority of NCDC CD-\nROMs were produced in a pre-Windows 95/98 environment and may not work without\nconfiguration changes or rebooting in DOS mode. NCDC will provide a help sheet for\nWindows 95/98 users, if requested.\nSome of the CD-ROMs present the data in an atlas type format (interactive software)\nrather than as ASCII data files. If you have technical questions, call 828-271-4702.\nThe NCDC's Climate Services Branch is responsible for distribution of NCDC\nCD-ROM products. Domestic customers add a $11.00 service charge per order; foreign\nusers add $31.00 per order. Address:\nNational Climatic Data Center\nAttn: Climate Services Branch\n151 Patton Avenue\nTelephone: 828-271-4800; Fax: 828-271-4876\nAsheville, NC 28801-5001\nInternet: orders@ncdc.noaa.gov\n56","SPECIALIZED PRODUCTS\nGeneral Information\nThese Specialized Products can be provided on diskette or as paper copy (unless otherwise\nindicated). Please call 828-271-4800 or email \"info@ncdc.noaa.gov\" for further details. There\nare charges involved for these services.\nCooperative Station Extremes Tabulation: This tabulation shows daily and monthly extremes\nfor the entire period of record (generally 1948 to present) for U.S. cooperative and National\nWeather Service sites. There are currently over 8000 of these stations active. The elements\nincluded are maximum/minimum temperature, precipitation, and snowfall.\nWind Rose Summary: This summary provides a statistical summary of wind speed vs wind\ndirection for any station (U.S. or foreign) reporting adequate observational data. Data are\ntabulated in incremental 'bins' such as 0-3 miles per hour, 4-7 miles per hour, etc.\nMixing Height Summary: This summary provides a day by day estimate of the mixing height\nfor the boundary layer by using surface and upper air observational data. It's often used for\npollution and air dispersion models.\nStability Array: This provides month by month averages of surface-based stability in Pasquill\nstability categories. Hourly or synoptic surface observations are used as input.\nComparative Climatic Data: This product contains climatological normals and averages for\n270 NWS offices, in ASCII data files.\n57","Summary of Day Data for U.S. and Foreign Sites: This historical summary of day data can be\nproduced from any station reporting synoptic and/or hourly observational data. The format is the\nsame as the on-line global summary of day data. It includes the following elements for each day\navailable:\nMean temperature\nMean dew point\nMean sea level pressure\nMean station pressure\nMean visibility\nMean wind speed\nMaximum sustained wind speed\nMaximum wind gust\nMaximum temperature\nMinimum temperature\nPrecipitation amount\nSnow depth\nIndicators for occurrence of: Fog, Rain, Snow, Hail, Thunder, Tornado/Funnel Cloud\n58","DIGITAL DATASETS\nGeneral Information\n1. See glossary of acronyms at end of Guide for details on terms used below.\n2. The periods of record for these datasets vary considerably depending on data type and station\n(if applicable).\n3. All reference to QC pertains strictly to data checking and corrections performed within the\nFederal Climate Complex by NCDC and/or AFCCC. Other gross QC is usually performed at the\npoint of origin such as NCEP and AFWA.\n4. The media available are: Magnetic tape (6250 BPI), IBM 3480 cartridge tape, diskette (3.5 or\n5.25 inch), CDROM, Exabyte 8 mm tape, and FTP transfer. These options vary depending on\ndatabase.\n5. Cost to customer varies depending on data volume and the processing required for order.\n6.\nThis is only a summary of the major digital datasets available from NCDC. Many other\ndatasets/data types (in addition to those listed below) are available. Contact NCDC's Climate\nServices Branch for further information.\n7. NCDC's WWW Homepage has numerous datasets and data inventories on-line at\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov. NCDC makes frequent updates to this system; users are encouraged\nto review the Homepage periodically to see what's available.\n8. Points of contact for information, cost estimates, and data requests:\nNational Climatic Data Center\nClimate Services Branch\n151 Patton Avenue\nAsheville, NC 28801\nTelephone: 828-271-4800\nFax: 828-271-4876\nInternet: info@ncdc.noaa.gov\n59","DATABASE: Worldwide surface observations (hourly/synoptic). Includes 3 datasets -\nTD3505, TD3280, and TD9956.\nTD3505-Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH)--worldwide stations.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Extensive automated QC (all data); additional manual QC for\nUSAF, Navy, and NWS stations.\nData Origin - An integration of data from TD9956, TD3280, and TD3240 (each\ndescribed below), comprising all stations available historically in TD9956 and\nTD3280.\nContent/Elements\nAbout 10,000 stations currently active.\n-\nIncludes wind speed and direction, wind gust, temperature, dew point,\n-\ncloud data, sea level pressure, altimeter setting, station pressure, present\nweather, visibility, precipitation amounts for various time periods, snow\ndepth, and various other elements as observed by each station.\n- Observational practices vary by country.\nPeriod of Record - 1900 to present (varies greatly by station).\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htmlf for\nfurther details.\nTD3280--Navy and first order National Weather Service (NWS) stations.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes extensive automated and manual QC.\nData Origin - Mainly from ASOS-direct ingest, diskettes from the stations, and\nkeyed data for NWS stations; and from TD9956 (see below) for Navy stations.\nContent/Elements\n- About 380 stations currently active.\n- Includes most surface elements observed in the U.S. (wind speed and\ndirection, temperature, dew point, cloud data, sea level pressure, altimeter\nsetting, station pressure, present weather, and visibility). Wind gust, daily\nprecipitation amount, and snow depth are not included, but are placed in\nTD3210 (see below). Hourly precipitation amount stored in separate\ndataset (TD3240).\n\"Specials\" are not included and only synoptic hours (every 3rd hour) are\n-\nincluded for 1965-1981 (for most stations).\nPeriod of Record - 1948 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htmlf for\nfurther details. Data subsets for 1961-1995 are available on 3-volume and 1-\nvolume CDROM sets.\n60","TD9956--AFCCC DATSAV3 Surface--worldwide stations.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control: Extensive automated QC (all data); manual QC for USAF\nstations.\nData Origin - Mainly from GTS, various other sources, and keyed data prior to\n1973.\nContent/Elements\nAbout 10,000 stations currently active.\n-\nIncludes all surface elements observed internationally (see TD3280)\n-\nalong with wind gust, precipitation amount, snow depth, and other\nelements as reported by each station. Also includes \"Specials.\"\n- Observational practices vary by country.\nPeriod of Record - 1973 to present with some data from 1900 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for\nfurther details. NCDC can produce summary of day data (1 record per day) from\nthis dataset--18 elements summarized as available. A 1982-1997 hourly subset is\navailable on a 5-volume CDROM set.\n61","DATABASE: Worldwide ship and buoy observations (hourly/synoptic). Includes 2\ndatasets - TD1129 and TD1171.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated + some manual QC.\nData Origin - Data originate from GTS + some key entered data.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes elements observed by ships and buoys--temperature and dew point,\n-\nwind direction and speed, visibility, present weather, sea level pressure, sea\nsurface temperature, cloud data, ice data, and wave/swell heights and periods.\n- Generally, buoys only observe temperature, wind, pressure, sea surface\ntemperature, and wave/swell data; while some ship reports include other elements.\n- Elements vary considerably by station.\nPeriod of Record - As early as 1800's to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n- Occasionally, if needed observations are not found in TD1129 or TD1171, we\nuse TD9956 as a source.\nDATABASE: Worldwide upper-air observations-Comprehensive Aerological Reference\nDataset (CARDS)-TD6305.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes some automated QC.\nData Origin - Various sources including diskettes from the stations (U.S. + some\nMexican), key entered data, digital data from source countries, and GTS.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes all elements observed in upper air soundings--generally temperature,\ndew point, wind direction and speed, and height of each pressure level.\n- About 1000 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1946 to present.\nNotes - Seehttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\nAlso have North American data for 1946-1997 on 4-volume CDROM set.\n-\n62","DATABASE: Hourly precipitation data for NWS and cooperative U.S. stations-TD3240.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - Various sources including ASOS and punched tape from stations.\nContent/Elements\n- Hour-by-hour precipitation amounts.\n- About 2800 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1948 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htm for further\ndetails.\n- Data are also available on a CDROM set.\nDATABASE: 15-Minute precipitation data for NWS and cooperative U.S. stations-TD3260.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - Various sources including ASOS and punched tape from stations.\nContent/Elements\n- Precipitation amounts for 15-minute increments.\nAbout 2400 stations currently active.\n-\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1971 to present.\nNotes - See ehttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n63","DATABASE: Cooperative station and NWS summary of day data for the U.S.--TD3200.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - Various sources including key-entry from forms and ASOS.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes summary of day parameters such as maximum/minimum temperatures,\n-\nprecipitation, and snowfall/snow depth. Some stations have additional data such as\nevaporation and soil temperature.\n- About 8000 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1948 to present (some late 1800's to present).\nNotes - Seehttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n- Data are also available on a CDROM set.\nDATABASE: Summary of day data for National Weather Service (U.S.) and\nDepartment of Defense (U.S. and foreign) sites. Includes 2 datasets--TD3210 and TD9953\n(AFCCC's TDF34).\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Both datasets are QC'ed (automated + manual).\nData Origin - Various sources including ASOS, diskettes from stations, and key-entry.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes maximum/minimum temperatures, precipitation, snow depth, peak\n-\nwind gust, sunshine, days with various weather phenomenon, and several other\nelements for selected stations.\nAbout 600 stations currently active.\n-\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1940's to present with some data as old as the late 1800's.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n64","DATABASE: Monthly summary data for NWS and cooperative U.S. stations--TD3220.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - Monthly summaries built from NWS and cooperative daily data as described\nabove.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes temperature (mean minimum, mean maximum, overall mean, extreme\n-\nminimum, extreme maximum), precipitation amount, and for selected stations--\nsnowfall, evaporation data, and soil temperature data.\n- About 8000 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1948 to present (some late 1800's to present)\nNotes - Seehttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\nDATABASE: Hourly solar radiation and meteorological data for the U.S., Guam, and\nPuerto Rico--TD3282.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control- Underwent extensive QC of data.\nData Origin - Originated from 3 sources--NWS hourly surface data, NWS summary of day\ndata, and NREL solar radiation data.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes 5 solar radiation elements + 15 meteorological elements with both\nobservational and modeled data.\n- 239 stations.\nPeriod of Record - 1961 to 1990.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n- Data are also available on 3-volume CDROM set.\n65","DATABASE: Worldwide gridded upper-air analysis (multiple pressure levels).\nIncludes 5 datasets:\nTD6140 (NGM and MRF data)--\nData Type - Binary data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from NCEP's model output.\nContent/Elements\n- NGM: Covers U.S., southern Canada, and nearby coastal waters. 180 km by 180\nkm polar stereographic grid. Includes temperature, specific humidity, vertical\nvelocity, and u/v wind components from about 980 mb to 434 mb + 11 variables for\nthe surface. 12 analysis hours/day.\n- MRF: Worldwide coverage. 2.5 degree by 2.5 degree grid. Includes\ntemperature, relative humidity, vertical velocity, geopotential, and u/v wind\ncomponents from 1000 mb to 50 mb + 3 variables for the surface. 4 analysis\nhours/day.\nPeriod of Record - 1991 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htm for further\ndetails.\nTD6141 (ETA and FNL data)--\nData Type - Binary data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from NCEP's model output.\nContent/Elements\n- ETA: Covers U.S., southern Canada, and nearby coastal waters. 80 km by 80\nkm Lambert Conformal grid. Includes pressure, temperature, precipitation, soil\nmoisture, relative humidity, u/v wind components, snow/rain occurrence, latent\nheat flux, sensible heat flux, momentum flux, low cloud cover, medium cloud\ncover, high cloud cover, total cloud cover, radiation flux, geopotential height, and\nvertical velocity. 22 pressure levels from surface to 50 mb. 8 analysis hours per\nday.\n- FNL: Worldwide coverage. 129 by 129 polar stereographic grid. Includes\npressure, temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, relative humidity, u/v wind\ncomponents, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, momentum flux, total cloud cover,\nradiation flux, geopotential height, and vertical velocity. 14 pressure levels from\nsurface to 20 mb. 4 analysis hours per day.\nPeriod of Record - 1997 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.html for further\ndetails.\n66","AFCCC's HIRAS--\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from AFWA's model output.\nContent/Elements\nWorldwide coverage.\n-\n- 4 analysis hours/day.\n- On 2.5 degree by 2.5 degree grid.\nIncludes temperature, dew point depression, specific humidity, precipitable\n-\nwater, vorticity, relative humidity, u/v wind components, D-value, and tropopause\ndata from the surface to 10 mb.\nPeriod of Record - 1985 to present.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\n67","DATABASE: Worldwide gridded cloud analysis-TD9951 (AFCCC's RTNEPH).\nData Type - Binary data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated QC of data.\nData Origin - Data originate from AFWA's model output.\nContent/Elements\n8 analysis hours/day.\n-\nOn polar stereographic grid (eighth-mesh-roughly 40 km by 40 km resolution).\n-\nIncludes cloud layer data (base, top, type, and amount) and total cloud amount\n-\nfrom surface reports and satellite data, along with present weather and visibility\nfrom surface reports.\nPeriod of Record - 1984 to present.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\nDATABASE: Global aircraft reports--DD6380.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated QC.\nData Origin - Data originate from PIREPS, AIREPS, ASDAR, and ACARS reports.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes pressure altitude, temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind\n-\ndirection and speed, clouds, and turbulence.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1973 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htmlf for further\ndetails.\n68","DATABASE: ASOS 1-minute and 5-minute data--TD6401-6406.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated QC.\nData Origin - Data originate from ASOS ingest process.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes most surface elements observed in the U.S. (wind speed and direction,\n-\ntemperature, dew point, cloud data, sea level pressure, altimeter setting, station\npressure, present weather, visibility, precipitation amount, etc).\n- About 900 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1998 to present.\nNotes - See http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/documentlibrary/datasets.htm for details.\nDATABASE: NOAAPORT data.\nData Type - ASCII character and binary data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from NOAAPORT ingest.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes all surface, upper-air, forecast, warning, and other bulletins received via\nNOAAPORT. Also includes all NCEP model data as binary files, such as the ETA,\nAVN, and MRF.\nPeriod of Record - Late 2000 to present.\nNotes - These are the \"raw\" data as received from NCEP and NWS.\nDATABASE: Remote-sensing data. Satellite (worldwide), wind profiler (central U.S.),\nNEXRAD radar data (U.S. sites). See separate sections (following pages) for additional details.\nData Type - All are binary data.\nQuality Control - Little or no QC performed on these data.\nData Origin - Data originate from the sensor (satellite, profiler, radar).\nContent/Elements\n- Satellite data are available in several datasets from NCDC's Satellite Services\nGroup.\nProfiler data are available from 1991 to present. (Selected data are on-line and\n-\ncan be copied via FTP transfer.)\n- NEXRAD data are available as level II and level III.\nPeriod of Record - Varies depending on the dataset and station.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\n69","NEXRAD DATA\nNEXRAD LEVEL II (DIGITAL BASE DATA)\nLevel II data are digital base data output from the Radar Data Acquisition's (RDA's) signal\nprocessor in polar format containing status messages, performance/maintenance data, volume scan\nstrategy, clutter filter bypass map, and wideband communication console messages. The\nmeteorological elements included are base reflectivity, base velocity, and base spectrum width.\nInitially, Level II recorders were placed at selected sites for use when significant weather events\nwere taking place. As the system developed, it became apparent that Level II data would be\nimportant in properly calibrating the radars, in research applications, and to test revised algorithms.\nCurrent plans call for level II recorders to be placed at all WSR-88D sites.\nExabyte tape drives and 8mm tapes are used as recording devices and media. Each tape can hold\napproximately 4.7 gigabytes of data and, depending on operational mode of the model and recorder\nmodel used, one tape may be filled about every 1.8 days for each site. These tapes are received at\nthe National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from individual sites and are processed on a series of\n8505 Exabyte drives, reblocked, cataloged, inventoried, and archived.\nThe WSR-88D is a very complex system. Program modifications and engineering changes are\ncommon. Early models experienced difficulties in the recording of Level II data and even today\ntapes are received that contain spurious, erroneous, or illegal configurations. The user is cautioned\nthat these anomalies may be encountered while reading the archived tapes, and in some cases, data\ngaps are evident.\nPersonnel at the NCDC will be glad to assist in solving problems encountered in reading the tapes;\nhowever, technical questions about the data themselves must be addressed to the:\nNWS/Operational Support Facility\nApplications Branch\n1200 Westheimer Drive\nNorman, OK 73069\nTelephone: (405) 366-6530\nFax: (405) 366-6550\nThe NCDC also distributes the software, including source codes, to display the WSR-88D Level II\ndata. Reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width are displayed while the level II tape is being read\nand written to disk, or images can be displayed after the data have been written to disk. The WSR-\n88D Visualization Software (WVS) runs on SUN, IBM, HP, and SGI unix-based workstations. A\ncopy of WVS may be obtained either by mail on 8mm tape or through ftp.\n70","Also, NEXRAD inventories and national composites of reflectivity (precipitation) are available via\nthe World Wide Web (WWW): http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov -- click on Radar Resources.\nNEXRAD LEVEL III (PRODUCTS)\nThere are a total of 24 Level III products routinely available from the National Climatic Data\nCenter (NCDC) which include 7 graphic products in clear air mode, 11 graphic products in\nprecipitation mode, 5 graphic overlays and 1 alphanumeric product. Products are stored on Write\nOnce Read Many (WORM) optical disks that are sent to the NCDC by National Weather Service\nNexrad sites for archive and distribution to customers. Each product will include state, county, and\ncity background maps. Level III graphic products are available only as color hard copy, gray scale\nhard copy or acetate overlay copies. The following is a list of the Nexrad Level III products\navailable from NCDC:\nBase Reflectivity (R) - A display of echo intensity measured in dBZ.\nBase Spectrum Width (SW) - A measure of velocity dispersion within the radar sample volume.\nBase Velocity (V) - A measure of the radial component of the wind either toward the radar\n(negative values) or away from the radar (positive values).\nComposite Reflectivity (CR) - A display of maximum reflectivity for the total volume within the\nrange of the radar.\nEcho Tops (ET) - An image of the echo top heights color coded in user-defined increments.\nHail Index Overlay (HI) - A product designed to locate storms which have the potential to\nproduce hail.\nMesocyclone Overlay (M) - This product is designed to display information regarding the\nexistence and nature of rotations associated with thunderstorms.\nOne-hour Precipitation (OHP) - A map of estimated one hour precipitation accumulation on a\n1.1 X 1.1 nm grid.\nSevere Weather Probability Overlay (SWP) - A measure of a storms relative severity as\ncompared with those storms around it.\nStorm Structure (SS) (Alphanumeric product) - A table displaying information on storm\nattributes which include maximum reflectivity, maximum velocity at lowest elevation angle, storm\noverhang, mass weighted storm volume, storm area base and top, storm position and storm tilt.\nStorm Total Precipitation (STP) - A map of estimated storm total precipitation accumulation\ncontinuously updated since the last one-hour break over the entire scope.\n71","Storm Tracking Information Overlay (STI) - A product which shows a plot of the past hours\nmovement, current location, and forecast movement for the next hour or less for each identified\nthunderstorm cell.\nTornadic Vortex Signature Overlay (TVS) - A product which shows an intense gate to gate\nazimuthal shear associated with tornadic-scale rotation.\nVAD Wind Profile (VWP) - A graphic display of wind barbs plotted on a height staff of 500 ft or\n1000 ft increments.\nVertically Integrated Liquid (VIL) - The water content of a 2.2x2.2 nm column of air which is\ncolor coded and plotted on a 124 nm map.\n72","SATELLITE DATA, PRODUCTS, and SERVICES\nSatellite data and derived products from NOAA's satellite systems are\navailable through the National Climatic Data Center. The two primary\nsatellite systems are the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite\n(GOES), which began in 1975, and the Polar-orbiting Operational\nEnvironmental Satellite (POES), which began as the TIROS series in\n1960. The NCDC also archives certain data sets from the Defense\nMeteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. See complete\nproduct listing below along with the latest prices.\nAbout NOAA's Satellites\nNOAA's current series of GOES satellites are three-axis body stabilized\nand equipped with a separate Imager and Sounder. For optimum coverage\nover the Western Hemisphere, there are normally two GOES satellites,\none positioned over the equator at 75 west longitude and the other positioned at 135 west\nlongitude. There are several instruments on the satellites but the two NCDC is concerned with are\nthe Imager and Sounder instruments. The Imager consists of five channels ranging from the visible\nto the longwave infrared channel. The visible channel has a resolution of 1 km while the infrared\nchannels have a resolution of 4 km at nadir, except for the water vapor channel which is usually 8\nkm. The Sounder has 18 thermal infrared channels and can make over 50,000 soundings per hour.\nEach of the GOES satellites scans predetermined areas of the earth. During routine mode of\noperation, observations are taken over the United States every fifteen minutes by each satellite.\nMore frequent observations of five minutes or less can be obtained when severe weather threatens.\nSeveral operational and experimental products are created to improve near real-time and longer\nrange forecasts.\nThe POES satellite system offers the advantage of daily global coverage, by making nearly polar\norbits about 14.1 times daily. Since the number of orbits per day is not an integer, the sub-orbital\ntracks do not repeat on a daily basis, although the local solar time of each satellite's passage is\nessentially unchanged for any latitude. NOAA tries to maintain a two satellite configuration to\nobtain global observations at least four times daily.\nNOAA has begun its fourth generation of polar orbiting satellites with the launch of NOAA-K in\nMay 1998. These satellites, like their predecessors, operate in near sun-synchronous orbits. These\nnew satellites carry a series of instruments which have been modified and improved from previous\nNOAA satellites. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) has been retrofitted\nwith a sixth channel in the near-IR (1.6um), which is time shared with the original channel 3. The\nnew channel is referred to as channel 3A and operates during the daylight part of the orbit.\nChannel 3B corresponds to the original channel 3 and operates during the night portion of the orbit.\nThe actual shared time may vary depending on NOAA's.\n73","The Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) instruments have\nbeen replaced with Advanced Microwave Sounding units AMSU-A1, AMSU-A2 and AMSU-B.\nThe AMSU-A is a 15-channel microwave radiometer in two separate units. The new AMSU data\nis expected to provide improved temperature and humidity soundings. Additionally, window\nchannels 1, 2 and 15 will provide information on precipitation, sea ice and snow cover. The\nAMSU-B is a five-channel microwave radiometer; three of the channels are centered on the 183.31\nGhz water vapor line. The other two channels are at 89 Ghz and 150 Ghz.\nThe new High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/3) has a different calibration\nsequence. On HIRS/2, the calibration mode required the use of three calibration targets (space\nview, cold target, and warm target). On HIRS/3, the cold target will not be routinely used in the\ncalibration sequence, resulting in one additional scan line of Earth data (38 Earth scans per 256\nsecond cycle). Detailed information about the NOAA-K,L,M instruments, data formats,\ncalibration and similar technical characteristics of the spacecraft are contained in the NOAA KLM\nUser's Guide which is available on-line at www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/ A file of this\ndocument is also available for downloading via ftp; details can be found at the User's Guide site.\nSatellite Active Archive (SAA)\nNOAA's Satellite Active Archive (SAA) provides direct Internet access to NOAA's satellite data\ncollected by POES and DMSP satellites using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)\nmethod. The SAA allows users to search inventories of satellite data, preview\nrepresentative Earth images of that data, and download selected data sets for further\nprocessing and analyses in one session. The URL is: www.saa.noaa.gov.\nAVHRR data are available beginning as early as August 1981, while the TOVS data are available\nall the way back to October 1978. DMSP data are available as early as July 1991. r the user has\nplaced his or her requirements via the Inventory Search Criteria page, an order may be placed for\nFTP. Up to thirty-two data sets with no more than 10 MB of data each can be ftp'ed at no cost.\nFor datasets larger than 10 MB, the order system will automatically set the order to tape output for\na fee of $50.00 for the first data set and $30.00 for subsequent datasets. The user must contact the\nNCDC to establish an open account for SAA, prior to placing tape orders. For one-time orders,\ncontact the Satellite Services Group and provide the SAA entity IDs along with a means of\npayment.\n74","HSEI\nHistorical Significant Event Imagery (HSEI)\nThe Historical Significant Event Imagery is a growing satellite image archive of significant\nenvironmental and meteorological events. Hundreds of new or reprocessed historical images are\nadded yearly with the goal to develop a central data base and distribution system for several\nthousand significant event satellite images that have been created since the 1960s. This web-based\nsystem includes a multi-parameter search engine capable of locating satellite images based upon\nusers' keyword requirements (i.e., all events, hurricanes, tornado, snow cover, dust storm, smoke,\netc.) and a time period range (i.e., entire period of record, day, month, year, etc.), or users can\nquickly find the most popular images by clicking on \"Most Popular\" button. For the latest\nadditions users can simply click on the \"What's New\" button. Also, customers have the option of\npurchasing selected images online via the NNDC Online Store for high quality prints and mini-\nposters. The URL is www.nndc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/hsei/hsei.pl?directive=welcome.\nHistorical GOES Browse Server\nThe Historical GOES Browse Server is another web-based satellite imagery distribution system\ncontaining daily GOES images from July 1992 to the present. Users can enter a date and select a\nsatellite (GOES East or West) and channel (i.e. visible, water vapor, longwave ir) for viewing. The\nimages for the period July 1, 1992 through December 14, 1996 are full earth, whereas the images\nfrom December 15, 1996 to present cover the Northern Hemisphere at a higher resolution. The\nprimary purpose of this system is for users to quickly search for particular weather events, such as\nhurricanes, severe weather, snowstorms, etc., which can be tracked as often as every twelve hours.\nUsers can then order higher spatial and temporal resolution images from NCDC by contacting the\nSatellite Services Group. Within the next two to three years, it is likely that NCDC will create a\nGOES Active Archive, where users can order the full resolution data either as images or in\nscientific format for research work directly from the Internet. The URL is\nww5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plwebapps/plsql/goesbrowser.goesbrowsemain\nSSM/I Monthly Image Products\nThe products include full and anomaly fields for wetness and snow cover, and anomaly fields for\nblended surface temperature for the period January 1992 to the latest available month. These\nclimate products are derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI), a polar orbiting\nsatellite with global coverage. The fields are presented as both global and higher resolution North\nAmerican images. The data are available in near real time by the eighth day of the following\nmonth. Anomalies are derived from the base period 1992 to the latest year for which there is\nmonthly data. The spatial resolution is 1 degree for all three data products. Theses products can be\naccessed at www5.ncdc.noaa.gov:7777/plwebapps/plsql/ssmimain.\n75","Digital Satellite Data and Products\nPolar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES):\nLEVEL 1b DATASETS:\nAVHRR GAC (Global Area Coverage)\n10/78 - Present\nAVHRR HRPT/LAC (Local Area Coverage)\n04/85 - Present\nTOVS MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit)\n10/78 - Present\nTOVS SSU (Statospheric Sounding Unit\n10/78 - Present\nTOVS HIRS/2 (High Resolution Infrared Sounder)\n10/78 - Present\nSBUV/2 (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet/2)\n03/85 - Present\nAMSU-A/B (Adv'ed Microwave Sounding Unit)\n10/98 - Present\nTOVS HIRS/3 (High Resolution Infrared Sounder)\n10/98 - Present\nPRODUCTS:\nTOVS Sounding Product\n01/79 - Present\nRTOVS Sounding Product\n10/98 - Present\nATOVS Sounding Product\n04/99 - Present\nAMSU-B Sounding Product\n04/00 - Present\nVegetation Index/AVHRR (3rd Generation)\n04/85 - Present\nHeat Budget Data--\nMonthly Mean\n01/79 - Present\nSeasonal\n06/74 - Present\nMapped GAC Imagery-\nPolar Stereographic\n12/78 - Present\nMercator\n06/85 - Present\nSea Surface Temperature Data--\n7 - 8 Day Observation File\n12/78 - Present\n250 km Monthly Mean Data\n01/79 - Present\n100 km Analysis (Global Scale)\n12/72 - Present\n50 km (Regional Scale) and 500 km\n03/74 - Present\n14 km Analysis (Local-Scale)\n01/86 - Present\nGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES):\nGVAS & GVAR DATA:\nFull Disk and Sectors\n03/75 - Present\nPRODUCTS:\n76","Sounder Based Products-\n02/95 - Present\nVertical Temperature Profiles\nLayer Precipitable Water\nTotal Precipitable Water\nLifted Index\nGeopotential Heights\nImager Based Products-\n02/95 - Present\nCloud Drift Winds\nWater Vapor Winds\nASOS Supplemental Cloud Height/Amount\nLifted Index Images\n10/99 - Present\nSurface Skin Temperature\nTotal Precipitable Water\nDefense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP):\nLEVEL 1b DATASETS:\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Temperature (SSM/T)\n08/87 - Present\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)\n08/87 - 06/06/96\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Water Vapor (SSM/T2) 06/94 - Present\nPRODUCTS:\nTemperature, Sensor, and Environmental\nData Records (TDR,SDR,EDR)\n07/87 - Present\nSSM/T Sounding Product\n01/89 - Present\nSSM/I Monthly Gridded Products-\n01/87 - 12/94\nPrecipitation\nSnow Cover/Sea ice\nTotal Precipitable Water\nCloud Liquid Water\nOceanic Surface Wind Speed\nRTNEPH Layered Cloud Amount,\nType, Base, Height\n01/84 - Present\n(Global analysis on 40km grid, every 3 hours)\nInternational Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP):\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from GOES\nVISSR/VAS\n07/83 - Present\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from GMS\n07/83 - Present\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from METEOSAT\n07/83 - Present\nB2 Radiance Data (30km) from NOAA Polar\nOrbiters\n07/83 - Present\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from NOAA\n77","Polar Orbiters\n07/83 - 06/30/94\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from GOES\n07/83 - 06/30/94\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from\nMETEOSAT\n0783 - 06/94\nB3 Radiance Calibration Tables (3hr for each\nsatellite)\n07/01/83 - 06/30/94\nC1 Global Cloud Data (3hr, 280km grid,\nsatellites merged) all\n07/83 - 06/91\nC2 Global Cloud Data (monthly, 280km grid,\nall satellites merged)\n07/83 - 06/91\nD1 Global Cloud Data (3hr, 280km grid)\n06/86 - 12/92\n(replaces C1 Data-will be processed back to\n1983, gap in yrs 1987-89)\nD2 Global Cloud Data (monthly, 280km grid)\n01/90 - 12/92\n(replaces C2 Data-will be processed back to\n1983, gap in yrs 1987-89)\nAerosols:\nOptical Thickness (OT) Observations\n06/87 - Present\nOT Weekly Analyzed Fields\n06/87 - Present\nOT Monthly Analyzed Fields\n06/87 - Present\nNon-digital Satellite Products\nAVHRR Imagery:\nLocal Area Coverage (LAC)\n04/85 - Present\nHigh Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)\n04/85 - Present\nGlobal Area Coverage (GAC) by satellite pass\n10/78 - Present\nGOES Imagery:\nVisible and Infrared Hardcopy Imagery\n01/78 - Present\nSea Surface Temperature Charts:\n250km Global Monthly Mean Charts\n07/81 - Present\n50km Regional Charts (selected regions)\n04/76 - Present\n14km Local Charts (mainly U.S. coastal areas)\n01/86 - Present\nGulf Stream Anal. Charts-North/South Panels\n10/19/78 - 09/30/95\n78","Aerosol Charts:\n100 km Weekly Contour\n10/19/78 - Present\nMonthly Mean\n10/19/78 - Present\nSatellite Data Pricing Schedule\nData Type\nFees\nPRINTS 1\nCustom Images - Prints\n$85.00 each\n(8\"x10\" and 11\"x17\")\n(add $25.00 for each additional channel for\nAlternate formats:\nsame scene. Copies: add $10.00 each.)\nTransparency\nIBM diskette\nReproduction Images\n$25.00 each (cost is less if ordered online)\nDIGITAL\nPlease contact the Satellite Services Group for quotes on satellite based digital products. These\ndata and products are now priced on a per unit output volume and can vary widely depending on\nhow the data are extracted and subsetted. In most cases, the data will be less costly and more\nreflective of actual cost of processing the data. Earlier published prices were based on the number\nof input files or tapes.\nFootnote:\n1\nquotes on other formats provided. Custom images are created using customer defined\nparameters such as time, location, resolution, and any special enhancements. Reproduction\nimages are copies of existing images, usually of a significant event such as a hurricane. To\npreview a sampling of event images go to the Historical Significant Events Imagery web site at\nwww5.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/hsei/hsei.pl?directive=welcome. You may also order these\nimages online to take advantage of discount prices.\nContact information for satellite data and products:\nTelephone: 828-271-4850\nFacsimile: 828-271-4876\nE-mail: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov\n79","PUBLICATIONS\nFollowing is a brief summary of publications available from the National Climatic Data Center\n(NCDC). Unless otherwise noted, the summaries are for U.S. locations only. However, there are\na number of worldwide summaries/publications. For publications listed as available from NTIS,\nthe phone number is 703-487-4650. Otherwise, please contact NCDC for information on pricing\nand availability. Some publications are out of print and available on microfiche/microfilm only (*\nitems). Some publications are available online from:\nhtp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html\nNational Climatic Data Center\nClimate Services Branch\nFederal Building\nAsheville, NC 28801\nPhone: 828-271-4800\nFax: 828-271-4876\nInternet: info@ncdc.noaa.gov\nHISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY SERIES\n1-1\nA Long Record of Weather Observations at Cooperstown, NY, 1854-1977\n1-2\nNinety-One Years of Weather Records at Yellowstone National\nPk., WY, 1887-1977\n1-3\nA Long Record of Weather Observations in Southeastern Iowa, 1839-1979\n2-1\nIndex of Historical Surface Weather Records, New York\n2-2\nA History of Sunshine Data in the U.S., 1891-1980 *\n2-3\nInventory of Sources of Long Term Climatic Data\n3-1\nAtlas of Mean Winter Temperature Departures From the Long-\nTerm Mean over the Contiguous U.S., 1895-1983\n3-2\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures, (Winter), 1895-1983\n80","3-3\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Spring), 1895-1983\n3-4\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Summer), 1895-1983\n3-5\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Fall), 1895-1983\n3-6\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-7\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices\n(1931-1983) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-8\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Moisture Anomaly Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-9\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Moisture Anomaly Indices\n(1931-1984) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-10 Atlas of Monthly Palmer Drought Severity Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-11\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Drought Severity Indices\n(1931-1983) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-12 Atlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Winter\n3-13\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Spring\n3-14\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Summer\n3-15\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1984) for the Contiguous U.S. - Fall\n3-16\nProbabilities and Precipitation Required to End/Ameliorate\nDroughts\n4-1\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Temperatures\nWeighted by Area, 1931-1991\n4-2\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Precipitation\nWeighted by Area, 1931-1991\n4-3\nRegional and National Monthly, Seasonal and Annual\n81","Temperature Weighted by Area, 1895-1983\nTime Series of Regional Seasonal Averages of Maximum,\n4-5\nMinimum, and Average Temperature, and Diurnal Temperature\nRange Across the United States, 1901-1987\n4-7\nClimate Variations Bulletin (nationwide climate divisional\ndata) - Preliminary report showing current monthly climate\nanomalies in a historical perspective using climate databases\narchived at NCDC. Back issues (monthly since 1989)\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal Heating\n5-1\nDegree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1992\n5-2\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal\nCooling Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1991\nPercent of Normal, State, Regional, and National Monthly and\n5-3\nSeasonal Heating Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1983\n5-4\nPercent of Normal, State, Regional, and National Monthly and\nSeasonal Cooling Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1982\n6-1\nStatewide Average Climatic History (1983)\nTropical Cyclones of the N. Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992 with annual updates\n6-2\n6-3\nClimatic Averages and Extremes for U.S. Cities (274 cities)\n6-4\nClimates of The World\n82","MARINE PUBLICATIONS\nClimatic Summaries for NDBC Data Buoys (1986) - Seasonal/Annual Persistence of\nWind Speed and Wave Height Events\nClimatic Summaries for NDBC Buoys and Stations Update 1 (1990) - Seasonal/Annual\nPersistence of Wind Speed and Wave Height Events\nMarine Climatological Summaries, 1961-70 (10 vols) - Approx- - 50-75N, 50-170W\nSummary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations (SSMO): Most World Coastal\nMarine Areas, 1850-1979 (97 vols) Great Lake Areas, 1960-73 (4 vols)\nU. S. Navy Climatic Study of the Caribbean Sea & Gulf of Mexico:\nVolume 1, W. Caribbean Sea & Central American Waters\nVolume 2, E. Caribbean Sea\nVolume 3, Florida Coastal Waters & SW Atlantic\nVolume 4, Gulf of Mexico\nU. S. Navy Regional Climatic Studies:\nMediterranean Sea (1987)\nNorthern California Operating Area (1988)\nSouthern African Waters (1989)\nU.S. Atlantic Coast & Associated Waters (1989)\nMozambique and Adjacent Waters (1989)\nBarents Sea and Adjacent Waters (1991)\nSea of Okhotsk and Adjacent Waters (1991)\nGreenland, Iceland, UK, & Associated Waters (1992)\nPersian Gulf and Northern Arabian Sea (1992)\nRed Sea and Adjacent Waters (1993)\nGulf of Aden and Adjacent Waters (1993)\nNorth Sea, Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, Assoc Wtrs (1994)\nClimatic Studies of the Near Coastal Zone:\nEast Coast of the U.S. (1976)\nWest Coast of the U.S. (1976)\nPersian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (1980)\nMalacca and Sunda Straits (1982)\nRed Sea South & Gulf of Aden (1982)\nSouthern Calif. Operating Area (1984)\n83","Climatic Atlas of the Outer Continental Shelf Waters and Coastal Regions of Alaska:\nVol I, Gulf of Alaska (1988)\nVol II, Bering Sea (1988)\nVol III, Chukchi-Beaufort Sea (1988)\nVol I, Gulf of Alaska (1977)\nVol II, Bering Sea (1977)\nVol III, Chukchi-Beaufort Sea (1977)\nClimatic Summaries:\nMajor Seventh Fleet Ports and Waters (1973)\nMajor Indian Ocean Ports and Waters (1974)\nEnvironmental Guides:\nSeven U.S. Ports (1972)\nU.S. Gulf Coast (1972)\nMona Passage Area (1974)\nEnvironmental Scenarios:\nNortheast Atlantic (1973)\nNortheast Pacific (with errata) (1974)\nBermuda (1974)\nNorth Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1950-1980. *\nMariners Worldwide Climatic Guide to Tropical Storms at Sea - Narrative information and\ncharts showing storm tracks, frequency maps and tropical cyclone roses.\nU.S. Navy Hindcast Spectral Ocean Wave Model Climatic Atlas: Historical environmental\ndataset in the form of a wind and wave climatology. Data in the Atlas were produced by\napplying the Spectral Ocean Wave Model in hindcast mode to historical wind and pressure\nfields. Areas: North Atlantic Ocean - North Pacific Ocean - Mediterranean Sea.\nWind and Wave Summaries for Selected U.S. Coast Guard Operating Areas - Describes wind\nand wave conditions for the U.S. East Coast, Great Lakes and Eastern Pacific. Available from\nNTIS on microfiche only: Document No. AD-A130 647.\nAddendum to Wind and Wave Summaries for Selected U.S. Coast Guard Operating Areas -\nContains additional sites for the locations given in the first summary along with U.S. West\nCoast and Hawaiian locations. Also included is a section on coastal site wind statistics for the\nU.S. Coast.\nMariners Weather Log: January 1957 to present (published quarterly). Microfiche available\n1972 to present from NTIS.\n84","RAINFALL FREQUENCY ATLASES & EVENT STATISTICS\nTP-40: Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the U.S. - Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40 -\nPresents 49 U.S. rainfall frequency maps for selected durations from 30 minutes to 24 hours\nand return periods from 1 to 100 years.\nHYDRO-35: Five- to 60-Minute Precipitation Frequency for the Eastern and Central U.S.\n(Supersedes TP-40 above for the eastern 2/3 of the U.S. for durations of 1 hr. and less.) -\nPresents 6 U.S. rainfall frequency maps for durations of 5, 15 and 60 minutes at return periods\nof 2 and 100 years. Equations are given to derive 10- and 30-minute values between 2 and\n100 years.\nNOAA Atlas 2: Precipitation Frequency Atlas of the Western U.S. (Supersedes TP-40 above\nfor the 11 western states) - Contains maps for the 6- and 24-hour durations for return periods\nof 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years.\nRainfall Event Statistics - Created for stormwater/wastewater discharge applications. Includes\nrainfall and evaporation data such as wet and dry day counts and storm frequencies, depths,\nand durations. Available for over 3,200 U.S. cities.\n85","MISCELLANEOUS SUMMARIES\nLocal Climatological Data - Monthly climatic data for National Weather Service locations. **\nClimatological Data - Monthly climatic data by state for over 8000 stations in the U.S. **\nHourly Precipitation Data - Monthly precipitation data by hour for over 2500 U.S. stations. **\nStorm Data - Monthly summary of storms/related damage for the U.S. **\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World - Monthly climatic data for worldwide locations. **\nClimatic Atlas of the U.S., 1931-60 - Contoured maps of climatic averages for the U.S.\nClimatological Summaries, 1951-80 (No. 20) - Climatic summaries by city for the U.S.\nFreeze/Frost Data (No. 20 Sup. 1) - Freeze/frost statistics for over 3000 U.S. locations.\nClimates of the States (No. 60) - Climatic summaries by state.\nMonthly Normals, 1961-90 (No. 81):\nMonthly Station Normals-Temperature, Precip, & Heating/Cooling Degree Days, 1961-90.\nMonthly Precipitation Probabilities, 1961-90, No. 81 Sup. 1.\nAnnual Degree Days to Selected Bases, 1961-90, No. 81 Sup. 2.\nMaps of Annual 1961-90 Normal Temperature, Precipitation, & Degree Days, No. 81 Sup. 3.\nSummary of Hourly Observations, 1951-60 (No. 82) - Hourly observational summary by city.\nDaily Normals, 1961-90 (No. 84) - U.S. daily normals by city.\nDivisional Normals/Standard Deviations, 1931-90 (No. 85) - U.S. normals by climatic division\nfor: Temperature and Precipitation, Heating and Cooling Degree Days.\nClimatological Summary of States, 1951-60 (No. 86) - Statewide climatic summaries.\nAirport Climatological Summary, 1965-74 (No. 90) - Climatic summaries, U.S. airport locations.\nComparative Climatic Data, nationwide, 1996 edition - Climatological tables for U.S. cities.\nAlso available via NCDC's web site (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov) under Climate Resources.\n** Available by subscription.\n86","SOLAR RADIATION PUBLICATIONS\nMean Daily Solar Radiation, monthly and annual maps.\nAnnual Average Daily Global Solar Radiation on a South Facing Surface (1952-75).\nInput Data for Solar Systems (1941-70) - Contains:\nNormal max, min and mean temperatures.\nNormal heating and cooling degree days.\nMonthly mean daily total solar radiation.\nInsolation Data Manual (1952-75) - Contains statistics from \"Input Data for Solar Systems\" and a\nglobal cloudiness index.\nDirect Normal Solar Radiation Data Manual (1952-75) - Long term, monthly mean, daily totals\nfor 235 National Weather Service Stations.\nSolar Radiation Energy Resource Atlas of the U.S. (1952-75) - Contains maps of monthly and\nannual values of:\nGlobal average solar radiation.\nGlobal average direct normal solar radiation.\nGlobal average diffuse solar radiation.\nAvailable from NTIS. Microfiche presentations available from NCDC. Include monthly\n& annual data in microfiche or photocopy form for 237 stations (up to 3 fiche per station).\nSolar Radiation and Radiation Balance Data (The World Network) - Contains year-to-year\nmonthly and annual means of global solar radiation, radiation balance and sunshine duration for\nthe periods 1964-1968, 1969-1973, 1974-1979 and 1980-1984. Available for worldwide sites.\nSolar Radiation Data, Monthly Summary (1977-1980) - Monthly publication is out of print, but is\navailable on 101 microfiche.\nHourly Solar Radiation (unedited) (January 1981 - October 1985) - A continuation of the above\ndata but editing for quality control was suspended with the publication in December 1980).\nHourly Solar Radiation Data (edited) (January 1988 - Current) - Global and direct solar radiation\ndata are collected for the 31 station NOAA Solar Radiation Network.\nSelected Climatic Maps of the United States (1931-60) - Contains the following maps:\nMean daily Solar Radiation (January and July).\nMean total hours of sunshine (annual).\nMean percentage of possible sunshine (January, July, annual).\nMean percentage of possible sunshine (monthly and annual maps).\n87","WIND DATA PUBLICATIONS AND TABULATIONS\nWind Energy Resource Atlas (through 1978) - Twelve published volumes of wind energy\nstatistics using data from approximately 975 locations are available from NTIS.\nComparative Climatic Data - Presents separate tables of monthly and annual average wind speed\nin MPH for about 300 U.S. sites.\nClimatic Atlas of the U.S. (1931-60) - Presents maps of monthly and annual averages of\nprevailing direction, mean speed (MPH) and fastest mile of wind.\nLocal Climatological Data, Annual Summary - Presents tables of monthly and annual average,\nresultant and fastest mile wind speed for the current year, and monthly and annual mean and\nfastest mile speed for a long period, usually 15 to 30 years.\nAirport Climatological Summaries (1965-74) - Presents monthly and annual tables of mean wind\nspeed (Kts) and prevailing direction plus percent frequency of wind direction VS. wind speed\n(Kts)\nWind-Ceiling-Visibility Data at Selected Airports (1948-78) - 284 locations available - presents\nannual-only wind direction VS. wind speed circular graphs and tabulations for six\nceiling-visibility classes.\nSummary of Hourly Observations (1951-60) - 138 locations available - Presents monthly and\nannual tables of percent frequency of wind direction and speed (MPH) + percent frequency of\nhourly wind speed (MPH); and hourly sky cover.\nCustomized Wind Rose Tabulations - Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Wind Rose for\nAirport Design: Wind direction versus wind speed frequency tabulations. The standard\ntabulation provides an overall summary of 36-point wind quadrant data for combined all-weather\nconditions. Wind speeds are reported in knots and use 9 standard FAA speed groups plus calm.\nIn general, the most recent 8 years of hourly data will be summarized. Additional tabulations\ndescribed under \"Customized Tabulations\" below provide diskette files in the FAA Airport\nDesign software format. NCDC can provide customized 16-point or 36-point wind rose\ntabulations of monthly, seasonal, and/or annual data; wind units in mph, knots, or meters/sec; and\ncustomer-specified a) ceiling-visibility thresholds, b) hours of operations, c) variety of present\nweather conditions, and d) speed classes (up to 9 classes with flexible ranges).\nExtreme Wind Speeds at 129 Stations in the Contiguous U.S. - Presents measured fastest mile\nwind speed and direction from beginning of record (usually 1941) to 1977 for each year, and\ncomputed extreme wind speeds for return periods from 2 years to 1 million years. Tropical storm\nextreme winds were included for this study, but caution should be used when using this book in\nhurricane prone areas.\nDirectional Extreme Wind Speed Data for the Design of Buildings and Other Structures -\nPresents largest yearly fastest-mile wind speed data corresponding to winds blowing from each\noctant at 37 airport stations in the United States.\n88","Historical Extreme Winds in the U.S., Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - Area covered: 53 coastal\nlocations from Maine to Texas. Tables present measured annual values from beginning of record\n(varies from 1875 to 1947) to 1979. Maps present computed annual 100-year return period\nfastest-mile wind speed at 10 and 30 meters above ground level. Tropical storm extreme winds\nwere included in this study.\nHistorical Extreme Winds in the U.S., Great Lakes and Adjacent Regions - Area covered: 70\nlocations in 8 Great Lakes states plus Iowa. Tables present measured annual values from\nbeginning of record (varies from 1875 to 1951) to 1979. Maps present computed annual\n100-year return period fastest-mile winds at 10 and 30 meter heights above ground level.\nIndex to Summarized Wind Data (Sep 1977) - Presents samples of 15 different Wind Rose\ntabulation formats available from the NCDC together with an index arranged alphabetically by\nstate/city and format. Periods of record are listed for each tabulation. Contains no actual or\naverage wind data.\nNational Wind Data Index--Final Report (Dec 1978) - Presents sample of forms used to record\noriginal wind observations and a listing of periods of record available for actual manuscript wind\nobservation data together with a list of anemometer heights and height-change dates. Contains\nno actual or average wind data.\nWind Energy Resource Information (WERIS) Index - Presents samples of the 19 types of\nstatistical tables and the period of record available for the approximately 975 stations. Contains\nno actual or average wind data.\n89","WORLDWIDE/FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS\nClimates of the World (1969) - Presents average temperature and precipitation data for\napproximately 800 stations throughout the world. It also includes brief narrative descriptions of\nthe climate of each continent and maps depicting the annual average worldwide distribution of\ntemperature and precipitation.\nWorld Weather Records - This six volume set contains monthly and annual tables of mean\ntemperatures, mean pressures, and total precipitation for most stations throughout the world for\nwhich complete data for the ten year period (e.g., 1981-1990) are available. Prior issues back to\n1920 are available on microfiche.\nVolume 1, North America\nVolume 2, Europe\nVolume 3, West Indies, South and Central America\nVolume 4, Asia\nVolume 5, Africa\nVolume 6, Islands of the World\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World (MCDW) - Issued monthly only, and contains monthly\nmean values of surface and upper air measurements from a large number of selected stations\nthroughout the world. The surface elements included are pressure, temperature, vapor pressure,\nprecipitation, and percent of long-term averaged sunshine. The upper air data consist of height,\ntemperature, dew point depression, and mean vector wind at standard constant pressure levels.\nMiscellaneous Summaries - Weather data recorded by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy weather\nservices stateside and abroad are archived on paper and microfiche at NCDC. Hourly surface\ndata are available from many locations since the 1940s on one form per day. Some autographic\ncharts and radiosonde records are available. Much of this military data are also available in\ndigital form, and can be printed on paper at cost. Summarized data available ranges from 1 sheet\nmonthly averages to several-hundred page 3-hourly summaries. Detailed climatic summaries are\nalso available for many regions of the world.\nWorldwide Airfield Summaries - This series of summaries presents monthly and annual\nclimatological information for approximately 4,000 airfields and climatic areas throughout the\nworld. The period of record varies by stations and elements. The data used are prior to 1974.\nThese summaries were prepared by the U.S. Air Force Environmental Technical Applications\nCenter (ETAC) for the U.S. Naval Oceanography Command and are archived on 156 microfiche\nand on one CD-ROM. Copies of data for individual stations are available on paper or on\nmicrofiche.\nUpper Air Studies - Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the upper atmosphere.\nThese atlases introduce a new historical gridded upper air dataset. Data in these atlases were\nproduced by summarizing the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)\n00 & 12Z gridded analyses for 1980-1985. Also available on CD-ROM for period 1980-1991.\n90","Summary of Meteorological Observations-Surface (SMOS) - Monthly and annual summaries\n(some by 3-hour groups) of weather conditions; precipitation; surface winds; ceiling versus\nvisibility and sky cover; temperature and relative humidity; and pressure for approximately 980\nworldwide locations. Data available on paper and on CD-ROM.\nRevised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO)/Surface Observational\nClimate Summary (SOCS) - Similar summaries to those listed above as 'SMOS' are available for\napproximately 450 worldwide locations on paper and on CD-ROM. Various periods of record\nare available.\nNCDC Foreign Data Collection - Consists of over 100,000 volumes of publications printed in\nforeign countries and exchanged with NOAA for US climate publications. The collection\ncontains worldwide average meteorological data on a country-by-country basis. A digital index\nfile is used to locate potentially useful data. Significant large holdings include publications from:\n1. Argentina\n4. Germany\n7. Poland\n2. Australia\n5. Japan\n8. United Kingdom\n3. France\n6. Philippines\n9. USSR\nWorld Data Center-A For Meteorology - Of particular interest to research scientists are the\ncollections of WDC-A for Meteorology, collocated with NCDC. Catalogs have been published\nand are available in most large research libraries for databases available, which include: GATE,\nFGGE, MONEX, WAMEX, ALPEX, IFYGL, and STREX.\nNOAA Library - Contains an extensive collection of foreign weather data publications. Visitors\nare welcome. Address:\nNOAA Central Library\n2nd Floor, SSMC3\n1315 East-West Highway\nSilver Spring, MD 20910\n91","GUIDES AND CATALOGS\nSelective Guide to Climatic Data Sources (Washington, DC: NOAA, 1988) - Contains brief\ndescriptions of many NCDC domestic, and some NCDC foreign holdings. Available on 7\nmicrofiche, free from NCDC.\nGuide to Standard Weather Summaries and Climatic Services (NAVAIR 50-IC-534) (Asheville,\nNC: NOCD, 1986) - Contains the most complete site inventory available of NCDC foreign (and\ndomestic) summarized unpublished tabulations. Available only on 4 microfiche, free from\nNCDC.\nCatalog of Publications of the World Meteorological Organization (Geneva, Switzerland: WMO,\n1983) - For U.S. and Canadian requests, order from:\nAmerican Meteorological Society\n45 Beacon St.\nBoston, MA 02108\nPhone: 617-227-2425 (ask for publications)\nAFCCC Directory of Climatic Databases (Asheville, NC: AFCCC, 1996) - Descriptions of many\nAir Force climatic databases available from Federal Climate Complex in Asheville, NC. Free\nfrom NCDC.\n92","GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS\nAFWA\nAir Force Weather Agency\nASOS\nAutomated Surface Observing System\nAFCCC\nAir Force Combat Climatology Center\nECMWF\nEuropean Center For Medium-range Weather Forecasts\nGTS\nGlobal Telecommunications System\nMRF\nMedium Range Forecast model\nNCEP\nNational Centers for Environmental Prediction\nNGM\nNested Grid Model\nNREL\nNational Renewable Energy Laboratory\nNWS\nNational Weather Service\nPOR\nPeriod of Record\nQC\nQuality Control\nTD\nTapedeck\n93"]}