{"Bibliographic":{"Title":"National Climatic Data Center products & services","Authors":"","Publication date":"1998","Publisher":""},"Administrative":{"Date created":"08-16-2023","Language":"English","Rights":"CC 0","Size":"0000163601"},"Pages":["NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER\nQC\nA National Resource for Climate Information\n875\n.U62\nN3\nJanuary 1998\n1998\nPRODUCTS\nSERVICES\nOF\nU.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE\nNATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION\nNational Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service\nNational Climatic Data Center\nFederal Plaza\n151 Patton Avenue\nAsheville, NC 28801-5001\nNCDC / CLIMATE SERVICES DIVISION\nNOAA\nTelephone: (704) 271-4800\nFAX: (704) 271-4876\nE-Mail: orders@ncdc.noaa.gov","PRODUCTS AND SERVICES GUIDE\nQC\n875\nU62\nN3\n1998\nNATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER\nASHEVILLE, NC\nLIBRARY\nJAN 112011\nJanuary 1998\nNational Uccame a\nAtmospheric Administration\nU.S. Dept. of Commerce\nNCDC's HomePage at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov provides frequent updates to this guide.","A message from the Director, National Climatic Data Center\nThe National Climatic Data Center offers a wide range of products and services. Our users range\nfrom large engineering firms designing the latest in safe energy efficient structures, to the attorney\ndocumenting a weather event, to the individual planning for a retirement move.\nServices offered include data resource consultations, subscription items and publications, copies\nof original records, certifications, generation of specialized climate studies, and a host of other\nclimate-related activities. Services are delivered on a variety of media including on-line access,\nCD-ROMs, magnetic tape, floppy disks, computer tabulations, maps, and publications.\nKenneth Davidson\nActing Director\nAbout the National Climatic Data Center\nThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Data Centers (of which NCDC\nis\nthe largest) are world-class centers that provide long-term preservation, management, and ready\naccessibility to environmental data. The combined archive includes records taken even before Ben\nFranklin's weather observations and continues with the latest real-time satellite imagery. The\nCenters are part of the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS).\nThe NCDC is located in Asheville, NC.\nNCDC Mission Statement\nNCDC's mission is to manage the Nation's resource of global climatological in situ and remotely\nsensed data and information to promote global environmental stewardship; to describe, monitor\nand assess the climate; and to support efforts to predict changes in the Earth's environment. This\neffort requires the acquisition, quality control, processing, summarization, dissemination, and\npreservation of a vast array of climatological data generated by the national and international\nmeteorological services.\n2","TABLE OF CONTENTS\nSECTION\nPAGE\nON LINE SYSTEMS\n5\nCD-ROM PRODUCTS\n65\nSPECIALIZED PRODUCTS\n70\nDIGITAL DATASETS\n72\nPUBLICATIONS\n90\n3","ON-LINE SYSTEMS\nSECTION\nPAGE\nWORLD WIDE WEB HOMEPAGE SERVICE\n5\nv\nBULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM (BBS PC-BASED\n63\nSYSTEM VIA MODEM)\n4","WORLD WIDE WEB HOMEPAGE SERVICE\nADDRESS: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov\nThe National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) maintains an Internet World Wide Web\n(WWW) homepage service. This service is accessible through numerous Internet 'browsers,' such\nas Netscape or Internet Explorer. Many of the datasets and products available via WWW are\nhighlighted in the following pages, with at least the first page of each web system shown.\nOur web system is frequently updated, and includes access to U.S. and global climatic\ndata, satellite data, radar images, inventories of datasets available off-line, publications, special\nreports on extreme weather events, and an on-line ordering system. Approximately 100 gigabytes\nof data and information are downloaded each month from this system. If you encounter slow\nresponse from the system during peak hours (typically late morning through afternoon), we\nsuggest you try again during other times of day (or night). We appreciate your usage and\nsuggestions!\n5","* National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) *\nPage 1 of I\nNOAA\nNESDIS\nNCDC\nSearch\nHelp\nHome\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nis\nNational Climatic Data Center\nNEW\nHOTI\nNOAA National Data Centers' Online Store\nIn the Spotlight\nNOAA El Nino Page\nAbout NCDC\nClimate Resources\nATMOSPHERIC\nAND\nNOAA\nOF\nNational Mosaic Reflectivity Images\nSatellite Resources\nRadar Resources\nNCDC is the world's largest active archive of weather data. NCDC produces numerous climate publications and\nresponds to data requests from all over the world. NCDC operates the World Data Center-A. Meteorology which\nis collocated at NCDC. NCDC's web site has received a number of awards.\nNOAA's NOAAServer offers access to distributed NOAA data and information from NOAA Data Centers and\nCenters of Data, including NCDC.\nNOAA I NESDIS I NCDC Search Help\nHome I Contents I Satellite Climate I Radar\nNew I Online Store I Hot\nAbout NCDC\nWelcome to NCDC\nTable of Contents\nWhat is NCDC?\nWorld Data Center-A, Meteorology\nWhat's New\nWhat's Hot\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nHow to Contact NCDC\nGive Us Your Feedback\nNCDC to host Satellite Applications Conference, February 24-26, 1998\nTop of Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/\nLast updated 08 Dec 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/\n12/11/97\n6","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateresources.html\nNCDC Climate Resources\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nClimate Resources\nAbout NCDC's Climate Resources\nGet/View Online Climate Data\nProducts & Publications\nData Inventories\nResearch & Applications\nOnline Document Library\nContact Information\nOther Resources\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data I Products I Inventories I Research\nAbout NCDC's Climate Resources\nIntroduction\nSurface\nMarine\nUpper Air\nIntroduction\nMany types of environmental or weather observations can be termed climate resources. These\nobservations can be weather land surface observations, ocean (marine) atmospheric\nobservations, weather upper atmospheric observations, weather radar observations, weather\nsatellite observations (images or data). This section of the National Climatic Data Center web\npages concentrates on the surface and upper air observations and products generated from\nthese observations.\n11/21/97 12:33 PM\nof 2\n7","NCDC: Get/View OnLine Climate Data\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nGet/View Data\nResources\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nGet/View Online Climate Data\nand Weather Observations\nSurface Data: :\nGraphs I Hourly | Daily Monthly I Modeled Climatology\nUpper Air Data\nMarine Data\nCompression/Decompression Software\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite Climate Radar Search | Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products Inventories Research\nSurface Data: Graphs\nCLIMVÍS\nClimate Visualization (CLIMVIS)\nGraphics/Selection of global station data--includes daily values for U.S. and global\nstations, and monthly data for global stations and U.S. climate divisions.\nGlobal Climate Perspectives System (GCPS)\nGraphics/Selection of gridded global datasets--includes modeled temperature,\nprecipitation, and Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) temperature\nGridded Climate and Satellite Data\nGraphics / Selection of gridded climate and satellite data (modeled).\nSurface Data: Hourly (Temperature, Precipitation, Winds, Pressure, Etc)\nSupplemental Hourly Precipitation Data for Selected ASOS Sites\n(1995-Present)\nU.S. Surface Data-Select by Lat/Lon/Date 01545\n(For Users with Programming Experience, 1992-1996)\nSurface Data: Daily (Temperature, Precipitation, Winds, Pressure, Snow, Etc)\n1 of 3\n12/9/97 12:25 PM\n8","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.htm/\nNCDC: Get/View OnLine Climate Data\nCLIMVIS\nAll Stations by Month\nGlobal and U.S. Surface Data-Select by Station\n(1994-Present, over 8000 Worldwide Stations & over 1000 U.S. Stations)\nCLIMVIS\nU.S. Surface Data-Select by Station - Data by Region (Contour Map)\n(1948-June 1996, over 500 NWS & Military Stations)\nU.S. Surface Data-Complete Datasets\n(1948-June 1996, over 500 NWS & Military Stations)\nWorld War II Surface Data\n(1940-1945, 162 Stations)\nGlobal Student Network Data\n(1995-Present, \"GLOBE\")\nSurface Data: Monthly (Temperature, Precipitation, Pressure)\nCLIMVI\nGlobal Surface Data-Select by Station\n- All Stations\n(1800-1990, over 7000 Stations, \"GHCN\")\nU.S. Precipitation Data by State\n(1948-1996, over 10,000 Stations)\nU.S. Surface Data\n(1880-1995, over 1000 Stations, \"USHCN\")\nU.S. Surface Data- Nineteenth Century\n(1822-1900)\nCLIMVI\nU.S. Climate Divisional Data-Select by State/Division\n- Complete Datasets\n(1895-Present)\nGlobal Gridded (Modeled) Data\n(1800-1990)\nSurface Data: Modeled\nGlobal Gridded Modeled) Data\n(1800-1990)\nGlobal Climate Model-100 Year Run - 1000 Year Run\nSurface Data: Climatology\nSevere and Extreme Weather - Climatological Maps and Tables\n(Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Temperature Extremes, Heavy Rainfall)\nOnline Store\nU.S. Climatological Averages and Normals\n(Long Term Monthly Averages/Normals for over 270 U.S. Cities)\nRecent Severe/Extreme Weather Events\n(Featuring Climatic Data, Satellite/Radar Images, and Storm Summaries)\n12/9/97 12:25 PM\n2 of 3\n9","NCDC: Get/View OnLine Climate Data\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.html\nUpper Air Data\nWind Profiler Datafiles via FTP\n(1992-Present)\nUpper Air Data-Select by Lat/Lon/Date\nCASAS\n(1992-Latest Month, For Users with Programming Experience)\nWind Profiler and \"RASS\" Data-Select by Lat/Lon/Date 04545\n(Last 31 Days, For Users with Programming Experience)\nMarine Data\nCoastal Subset of Global Marine Dataset\n(1980-1992, \"COADS\")\nCLIMVI\nGlobal Buoy Data-Select by Buoy\n(1994-Present)\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climatedata.htm\nLast updated 08 Oct 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n3 of 3\n12/9/97 12:25 PM\n10","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/xmgr.htmk\nNCDC Climate Visualization\nNCDC Home Page / Search NCDC\nCLIMVIS\nOverview\nmenton\nAwards\nGraphics Choices\nChoose Time Series to graph and download datafiles. Choose Contour/Vectors to produce map\nanalyses\nGlobal Summary\nClimate Division\nGlobal Historical\nNational Weather Service\nof the Day\nPrecipitation,\nClimatological\nSummary of the Day\n(12 Weather\nTemperature, and\nNetwork\n(16 Weather Elements)\nElements)\nDrought Data\nData\nTime Series\nContour/Vectors\nTime Series\nTime Series\nTime Series\nUNIX Platform Mosaic Users Click Here!\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\nCLIMVIS Usage Statistics\nWebShop96 Overview\n11/21/97 12:41 PM\n1 of 1\n11","CLIMVIS Overview\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/overview.htm\nCLIMVIS Overview\nCLIMVIS- the Climate Visualization system is an interactive graphing tool designed to allow visual\nbrowsing of the data available on-line at the National Climatic Data Center(NCDC). This system was\ndeveloped by the Systems Development Staff at the NCDC. CLIMVIS simply requires the user to step\nthrough the data and graphing feature selection process to visually browse the data.\nA thorough overview of CLIMVIS and it's components is contained in the publication CLIMVIS - A Cool\nWay to Visualize NOAA's Climate Data PDF Format).\nAvailable Datasets\nNational Weather Service Summary of the Day: Approximately 300 currently active National Weather\nService stations are included, with a lag time (after end of data month) of about 8-10 weeks. This is our\nbest quality and most complete data for these stations. 16 parameters for as early as 1869 to present are\navailable. The data are summarized based on local standard time (LST) for each calendar day. See global\nsummary of day for additional U.S. stations.\nPLEASE NOTE: NCDC is working to provide the post June 1996 data. In July 1996, the National\nWeather Service changed format of their transmitted surface observations. This change in code resulted in\nnumerous additional programming tasks at NCDC. We are working diligently to provide this data online\nas soon as possible. You can obtain more recent data by using the Global Summary of the Day dataset.\nGlobal Summary of the Day: Approximately 8000 active global stations, including over 1200 active U.S.\nstations are included, with a lag time (after end of data month) of about 4-5 weeks. 12 parameters for\nJanuary 1994 to present are available. The data are summarized based on universal time (Greenwich Mean\nTime -- GMT); therefore, there will not be day for day correspondence with the NWS summary of day\ndata. These data undergo considerable quality control, but the U.S. Summary of the Day is the best choice\nfor National Weather Service sites.\nClimate Division Data: Drought indices, precipitation, and temperature data by month for all U.S. climate\ndivisions are included, with a lag time (after end of data month) of about 1 week. Data presented are\nestimated averages for each division for that month. The period 1895 to present is available.\nGlobal Historical Climatology Network: A comprehensive global baseline climate data set comprised of\nland surface station observations of temperature, precipitation, and pressure. (Only version 1 precipitation\ndata is currently available.) All GHCN data are on a monthly basis with the earliest record dating from\n1697.\nCLIMVIS Graphing\nSelection Process:\n1) Select the dataset to browse.\n2) Select the plot type.\n3) Select the data location.\n1 of 2\n11/21/97 12:41 PM\n12","Global Climate Perspectives System (GCPS) Climatological Products\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/prod.html\nGlobal Climate Perspectives System (GCPS)\nClimatological Products\nTEMPERATURE ANDMALIES BASE PERIDO\nGLOBAL\nNOAA LONG-TERM CL INATOLOGICAL DATA SET\nB.J\nBASE PERIOD FOR ANDIOLIES F51-1980\n8.3\nR.I\nU.S.\nH\n11\nIS\n92\n2004\nits\nthis\nHAW\nMO\nQ\n0.3\nANNUAL\nexc\n1085\nOverview\nThe interactive on-line climatological products are produced by the Global Climate Perspectives System\n(GCPS) using the Grid Analysis and Display System (GRADS) developed at the Center for\nOcean-Land-Atmosphere Interactions, University of Maryland. The above images provide examples of the\noutput that can be generated with any of the climatological datasets. These gridded datasets from which\nthese products were derived can be downloaded using anonymous ftp.\nClimatological Datasets\nNOAA Baseline Climatological Dataset\nSeasonal and Annual Temperature Data\nMonthly Temperature Data\nSeasonal and Annual Precipitation Data\nMonthly Precipitation Data\nMerged Land - Ocean Seasonal and Annual Temperature Data\nMerged Land - Ocean Monthly Temperature Data\nMicrowave Sounding Unit (MSU) Lower Tropospheric Data\nSeasonal and Annual Temperature Data\nMonthly Temperature Data\n12/10/97 3:40 PM\n1 2\n13","http://climate.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/otter/v3.1/LAS/environ=frame\nLive Access to Climate Data HELP\nNCDC Land Ocean Temp Monthly Anomaly\nVARIABLE: Temperature Anomaly\nVIEW: Longitude-latitude\nLongitude: 0.0 to 360.0\nLatitude: -90.0 to 90.0\n60°E\n120*E\nSelect a location\n... or enter one below\nLongitude:\nGreenwich\n(e.g. 50.0 W) ->\nLatitude:\nEquator\n(e.g. 41.7 N) 1\nTime: Jan\n1995\n(e.g. 15-JUL-1949) >\nPLOT/SEND DATA\nPlotted image (GIF)\n1 of 1\n12/10/97 3:40 PM\n14","Supplemental Hourly Precip For Selected NWS ASOS Sites\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/climatesupp-hpd.html\nClimate\nNCDC\nContents\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nSupplemental Hourly Precipitation\nFor Selected NWS ASOS Sites\nDescription\nFormat of the Data\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nNCDC I Contents I Climate I Get/View Surface Search Help\nDescription\nThe directory sup-hpd contains hourly precipitation data from Automated Surface Observing\nSystem (ASOS) sites, designated by the National Weather Service (NWS), that continue to\noperate the Universal Weighing Precipitation gages in the vicinity of these sites. This gage\nmeasures all types of precipitation (including frozen or freezing) and is used to supplement\nthe ASOS tipping bucket gage data. Currently, the tipping bucket gages operations during\nfrozen or freezing precipitation events are limited, and precipitation amounts and/or event\ntimes can be inaccurate. The Universal gage records the precipitation on a paper chart\nmounted on a clock-drum. The clock-drum is usually geared to rotate the chart once per day,\nhowever some gages are geared to rotate the chart weekly. NWS personnel or cooperative\nobservers remove and replace the charts and mail them to the National Climatic Data Center\n(NCDC) for processing and quality control.\nThe NCDC extracts hourly precipitation data from the charts, digitizes, quality controls, and\npublishes the data in the LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA (LCD). Digital data from\nthese supplemental Universal gages began with the September 1995 data month. The average\nnumber of sites processed each month is about 75, however the number may vary monthly\nfrom 60 to 90. Generally, the file is updated about 50 days after the end of a data month. The\navailability of Universal gage data from these sites depends on the submission of the charts to\nthe NCDC as directed by the NWS.\nFormat of the Data\n12/10/97 3:41 PM\nI of 3\n15","Global Surface Summary of Day\nhttp://www.nedc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/gsod.htm\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nGlobal Surface Summary of Day\nVersion 5 - Over 8000 Worldwide Stations\nImportant Notes\nInformational Files\nData Files (Current)\nData Files (All Months)\nData Files (Special Events)\nUtility Software\nMap of Station Locations\nUncompression Software\nAnonvmous FTP Instructions\nBrief Description of Data\nDetails/Format\nInteractive Selection/Graphing\nNCDC I Contents Climate Get/View Surface Search Help\nImportant Notes\nData for some countries are not available throughout this system. The data summaries provided here\nare based on data exchanged under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather\nWatch Program according to WMO Resolution 40 (Cg-XII). This allows WMO member countries\ntc\nplace restrictions on the use or re-export of their data for commercial purposes outside of the\nreceiving country.\nThose countries' data summaries and products which are available here are intended for free and\nunrestricted use in research, education, and other non-commercial activities. However, for non-U.S.\nlocations' data, the data or any derived product shall not be provided to other users or be used for the\nre-export of commercial services.\nTo determine off-line availability of any country's data, please contact NCDC -\norders@ncdc.noaa.gov or 704-271-4800. Please email questions@ncdc.noaa.gov if you have any\nother questions.\nQuick access to NCDC Global Summary of Day is provided below (just click on any file listed\nbelow to download). Instructions are also provided at the bottom of this page for accessing these file\nthrough anonymous ftp. Some of these files are rather large so special attention to the size is\nrecommended before accessing them through your browser. Additional notes are also available\nincluding file details & format.\nI of 16\n12/9/97 3:58 PM\n16","Global Surface Summary of Day\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/gsod.html\nVersion 5 of the database is now on line. All data files, including special event files, have been\nreplaced/upgraded. The elements most enhanced, in terms of quality and quantity, are\nprecipitation and max/min temperature.\nInformational Files\nCOUNTRY LIST\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/country-list.txt( (12.6Kbytes)\nA list showing the station number range and 2-character ID for each country.\nDATA DESCRIPTION AND FORMAT\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/README.TXT (15.4Kbytes)\nA description of the data and its format, how it is built, and other information. Includes\nanonymous ftp information for direct ftp of data.\nSPECIAL NOTICES ABOUT THE DATA\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/SPECIAL-NOTE.TXI (1.8Kbytes)\nImportant notices about recent data.\nSTATION LIST - HISTORICAL\ntp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/stnlist-historical.txt( (1.6Mbytes)\nAn historical station list, showing both currently active stations + previously active stations\n--\nalso reflects any station number changes that have occurred. Updated annually.\nSTATION LIST SORTED BY COUNTRY/STATE\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/stnlist-sorted.txt(764.3Kbytes)\ncomplete list of all active/recently active stations in the dataset, including station number,\nA\nstation name, country/state ID, latitude, longitude, and elevation. Updated quarterly.\nSTATION LIST SORTED BY NUMBER\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/stnlist.txt( (764.3Kbytes)\nThe station list sorted by station number (i.e., in WMO block sequence). Updated quarterly.\nData Files (Current)\nAFRICA FOR LATEST MONTH (OCTOBER 1997)\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/africa.txt (1.5Mbytes)\nAll current data files now have October 1997 data. For files larger than about 2 mb, users\nshould 'load to local disk' (right mouse button on many browsers) if loading the data via\nWWW.\nASIA FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/asia,tx: (8.5Mbytes)\n12/9/97 3:58 PM\n2 of 16\n17","Global Surface Summary of Day\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/gsod.html\nBUOYS & COASTAL MARINE FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/buoys.txt (427.1Kbytes)\nEUROPE FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/europe.txt (6.2Mbytes)\nNORTH AMERICA FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/n-amer.txt (7.3Mbytes)\nPACIFIC ISLANDS (INCL. AUSTRALIA) FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/islands.txt (2.6Mbytes)\nSOUTH AMERICA & ANTARCTICA FOR LATEST MONTH\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/samer-antar.txp (1.4Mbytes)\nGLOBAL DATA FILE FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/data.txt (28.0Mbytes)\nThe latest month's global data file in ASCII text format--about 28 mb of data.\nGLOBAL FILE FOR LATEST MONTH COMPRESSED\nAtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/data.txt.7 (5.4Mbytes Compressed)\nThe latest month's global file compressed (unix/zcat) to about 5 mb in size.\nMETRIC VERSION OF GLOBAL FILE FOR LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/data-metric.txt (28.0Mbytes)\nMETRIC VERSION OF GLOBAL FILE COMPRESSED\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/data-metric.txt.Z (5.3Mbytes Compressed)\nThe latest month's global data in metric units and compressed using unix/zcat compression.\nINVENTORY BY STATION OF LATEST MONTH\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/inven.txt (96.1Kbytes)\nAn inventory by station and WMO block of the latest month's data.\nALL 1994 DATA\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/all-1994.tar (65.0Mbytes)\nAll 1994 data (each monthly compressed file) in one tar file. Use \"tar -xvf\" in unix to untar\nthis file, followed by unix uncompress on each monthly file.\nALL 1995 DATA\ntp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/all-1995.tar (63.0Mbytes)\nAll 1995 data (each monthly compressed file) in one tar file. Use \"tar -xvf\" in unix to untar\nthis file, followed by unix uncompress on each monthly file.\nALL 1996 DATA\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/globalsod/all-1996.tar (63.0Mbytes)\nAll 1996 data (each monthly compressed file) in one tar file. Use \"tar -xvf\" in unix to untar\nthis file, followed by unix uncompress on each monthly file.\nALL 1997 DATA\n3 of 16\n12/9/97 3:58 PM\n18","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/tfsod/climvis/htppage.html\nFirst Order Summary of the Day\nFirst Order Summary of the Day\nTable of Contents\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nOverview\nThis Summary of the Day First Order data file contains daily selected elements of observations taken by\ncertified observers. The stations are located worldwide and are operated by the National Weather Service\n(NWS), U.S. Air Force (Air Weather Service), U.S. Navy (Navy Weather Service), and the Federal\nAviation Administration (FAA).\nThese First Order Stations are usually fully instrumented and therefore record a complete range of\nmeteorological parameters. The observations are generally recorded for the 24-HR period midnight to\nmidnight.\nThrough the years approximately 1,380 principal stations have recorded observations in the program. In\n1985 there were just under 428 active stations being processed for inclusion in the digital TD-3210 data\nfile. Keep in mind when using this data set that stations have varying periods of records and varying types\nof data elements. The digital files were transferred from punched cards to magnetic tape (TD-9750) during\nthe late 1960's. This card image CARD-345 (TD-9750) remained in effect until the current element file\nstructure was developed in 1983. At that time the historical files were converted to TD-3210 and\nprocessing of current data was completely revised. The new processing system began with the January\n1984 data.\nIn September 1992, the NWS began implementation of the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)\nwith four sites. Implementation is expected to be completed in 1996 and include approximately 2,000\nNWS, FAA and Military locations. The data will be transmitted via AFOS until the AWIPS-90\ncommunications system is operational.\nClick here for a detailed description of this dataset\nDescription of Dataset Files\nThis dataset contains the following files:\nData information file\nfsod.README (37 K)\nStation files fsod_ascii.station id (Station Dependent) Example: fsod_ascii.03812\n12/10/97 3:42 PM\n1 of 2\n19","World War II Era Summary of Day Dataset\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/ww-ii-data.html\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nWorld War II Era Summary of Day Dataset\nIntroduction\nAvailable Files\nAnonymous FTP\nInstructions\nNotes\nNCDC I Contents I Climate Get/View I Surface Search I Help\nIntroduction\nBelow is a list of files available from NCDC via internet containing World War II Era\nSummary of Day data (just click on any file listed below to download). Instructions are\nprovided at the bottom of this page for accessing these files through anonymous ftp. Some of\nthese files are rather large so special attention to the size is recommended before accessing\nthem through your browser. Additional notes are also available.\nAvailable Files\nWorld War II Era Summary of Day Dataset File (15461000 bytes)\nThis dataset was developed in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the war's end.\nIt contains 1940-1945 data for 162 stations outside of the United States. The actual\nperiod of data availability varies depending upon the station's activity. Many stations in\nthe European and Pacific theaters of operation are included.\nZipped Dataset File (1116000 bytes)\nSame as above but zipped file.\nFile Format Description (2000 bytes)\nDescribes the format of the dataset file. See notes at bottom of page.\nI of 3\n12/11/97 8:16 AM\n20","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/GLOBE/globe.html\nGlobe NCDC Page\nGLOBE - Global Learning and Observations to\nBenefit the Environment\nTable of Contents\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nReferences\nQuestions and Comments\nOverview\nThe Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program is a national and\ninternational hands-on environmental science and education program that officially started on Earth Day,\n1995. GLOBE uses scientific instruments and state-of-the-art technology to make science relevant to\ntoday's K-12 students. Vice President Al Gore articulated his vision of the GLOBE program in his book,\nEarth in the Balance. He proposed a program \"involving as many countries as possible that will use school\nteachers and their students to monitor the entire earth...' \" (Gore, 1992). GLOBE is a worldwide science and\neducation program coordinating the work of students, teachers, and scientists to study and understand the\nglobal environment\nDescription of Dataset Files\nThe following student observed datasets are available:\nAir Temperature. Air temperature at the time of the student's observation, previous 24 hour\nmaximum temperature, and previous 24 hour minimum temperature. In degrees Celsius.\nPrecipitation. The previous 24 hour accumulated liquid precipitation. In millimeters.\nPrecipitation (solid). Total depth (millimeters), previous 24 hour accumulation (millimeters), and\nprevious 24 hour water equivalent (millimeters).\nCloud Observation. Cloud cover (clear, scattered, broken, or overcast) and type of cloud (cirrus,\ncumulus, etc) at the time of the student's observation. Measured daily.\nWater Temperature and pH. Water temperature and water pH at the time of observation.\n12/10/97 3:43 PM\nI of 2\n21","Globe NCDC Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/GLOBE/globe.html\nTemperature in degrees Celsius. Measured weekly.\nSoil Moisture. The moisture of the soil measured daily at four depths (10, 30, 60, 90 centimeters).\nBiometrics. Students define a 30 meter by 30 meter study site. Measurements reported are the height\nof the dominant vegetation (meters), diameter of trunk/stem of dominant vegetation (centimeters),\npercent of canopy cover, percent of ground cover.\nLand Cover. Students report the land cover in their 30 meter by 30 meter study site according to the\nAnderson Level II classification (coded value).\nSpecies Identification. Students report the dominant species of their 30 meter by 30 meter study\nsite. They use the National Arbor Day Foundation guides for the Eastern and Western United States.\nA more detailed dataset description is available by clicking here.\nData Access\nTo obtain a copy of this dataset via Mosaic\n1. Follow the instructions given here.\n2. Click here for a list of files\nReferences\nQuestions and Comments\nFor questions and comments, contact:\nGeneral questions about GLOBE:\nGLOBE Help Desk. Email: info@globe.gov\nArchive data information:\nWayne Faas. Email: wfaas@ncdc.noaa.gov\nAtmosphere/Climate data:\nSusan Postawko. Email: spostawk@alliant.backbone.uoknor.edu\nHydrology data:\nJim Washburne. Email: jwash@hwr.arizona.edu\nBiosphere:\nDavid Bartlett. Email: dbartlet@bigred.unh.edu\nWayne Faas wfaas@ncdc.noaa.gov\n2 of 2\n12/10/97 3:43 PM\n22","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ghcn/ghcn.html\nGHCN\nResearch\nGHCN\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nThe Global Historical\nClimatology Network (GHCN)\nNote\nOverview of GHCN\nReferences\nNCDC I Contents Climate I Research I GHCN Search I Help\nNote\nData for some countries are not available through this system. The data summaries provided here\nare based on data exchanged under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World\nWeather Watch Program according to WMO Resolution 40 (Cg-XII). This allows WMO\nmember countries to place restrictions on the use or re-export of their data for commercial\npurposes outside of the receiving country.\nThose countries' data summaries and products which are available here are intended for free and\nunrestricted use in research, education, and other non-commercial activities. However, for\nnon-U.S. locations' data, the data or any derived product shall not be provided to other users or\nbe used for the re-export of commercial services.\nTo determine off-line availability of any country's data, please contact\nNCDC--orders@ncdc.noaa.gov, 704-271-4800. Please email questions@ncdc.noaa.gov if you\nhave any other questions.\n01 CYVEN veen Temperal . (Stations\n31104 Previsitation 418.8 94\nGITCA v2 g Maximin Statement\nGHCN\nGHCN\nGHCN\nV. Precipitation Stations\nV.2 Mean Temperature\nV.2 Maximum and Minimum\nStations\nTemperature Stations\n12/10/97 3:46 PM\n1 of 3\n23","GHCN\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ghcn/ghen.html\nObtaining GHCN Version 1 precipitation, Sea level pressure, and station pressure\nData through NCDC's Anonymous FTP\nObtaining GHCN Version 2 Temperature Data through NCDC's Anonymous FTP\nOverview of GHCN\nThe Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a comprehensive global surface baseline\nclimate data set designed to be used to monitor and detect climate change. Comprised of surface\nstation observations of temperature, precipitation, and pressure, all GHCN data are on a monthly\nbasis. GHCN is produced jointly by the National Climatic Data Center, Arizona State University,\nand Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.\nGHCN version 1 was released in August of 1992 and has data from\n~6,000 Temperature stations\n~7,500 Precipitation stations\n~2,000 Pressure stations\nThe earliest station data is from 1697. The most recent from 1990. It was created from 15 source\ndata sets. Quality Control included visual inspection of graphs of all station time series, tests for\nprecipitation digitized 6 months out of phase, tests for different stations having identical data,\nand other tests.\nGHCN version 2 is currently being created. At the present time, only temperature data have\nbeen released. Version 2 has significant improvements over version 1: more data (from over 30\ndifferent sources including the Colonial Era Archive Project, more elements (mean monthly\nmaximum and minimum temperature data as well as mean temperature), better Quality Control,\nhomogeneity adjustments, and a wider selection of metadata. Version 2 will also be regularly\nupdated and irregularly have data from additional stations added to the data set. Therefore, with\nthe release of GHCN version 2 temperature data, we have removed GHCN version I temperature\ndata from our anonymous ftp site. There are many unique features in GHCN version 2. For\nexample, we have determined many cases where different sources have provided us with\ndifferent mean temperature time series for the same station. Because meteorologists calculate\ndaily mean temperature many different ways, there can be many different \"correct\" mean\ntemperatures. Therefore, for many stations, GHCN provides more than one mean temperature\ntime series. Also, GHCN version 2 has some unique and potentially very useful station metadata\nsuch as population and vegetation indicators. To understand GHCN version 2 temperature data\nand metadata, please read our overview of it. In addition to this overview, we have another\ndocument on line that describes GHCN's Quality Control.\nReferences\nThe following are references that can be used when citing GHCN and/or provide additional\ninformation on the data set:\n2 of 3\n12/10/97 3:46 PM\n24","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/coop-precip.html\nNCDC On-Line Monthly Precipitation Data\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC\nContents\nU.S. Monthly Precipitation\nfor Cooperative & NWS Sites\nIntroduction\nAvailable Files\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nNotes\n+CTPLE coor STATIONS\nExpand Image\nNCDC I Contents I Climate I Get/View Surface Search Help\nIntroduction\nQuick access to U.S. monthly precipitation data for all cooperative and NWS stations is\nprovided below (just click on any file listed below to download). Instructions are also\nprovided at the bottom of this page for accessing these files through anonymous ftp. Some of\nthese files are rather large SO special attention to the size is recommended before accessing\nthem through your browser. Please read the notes at the bottom. Data are in hundredths of\ninches.\nAvailable Files\n* All Data, All States (70848000 bytes)\n* All Data, All States, zipped file (17449539 bytes)\n* All States, 1996 Data (998000 bytes)\n* All States, 1995 Data (999875 bytes)\n* All States, 1994 Data (985000 bytes)\n* Station List with longitude & latitude (5669058 bytes)\n* Stations Outside U.S. (Guam, Puerto Rico, etc.) (1099125 bytes)\nAlabama (1274250 bytes)\nAlaska (1145000 bytes)\nArizona (1668750 bytes)\n12/10/97 3:47 PM\n1 of 4\n25","United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN)\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/ushcn/ushen.html\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nResearch\nUSHCN\nSearch\nHelp\nUnited States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN)\nIntroduction\nLogo Image Information\nUNITED\nQuality Control,\nHomogeneity Testing,\nSTATES\nand Adjustment\nHISTORICA\nProcedures\nData Package\nCIIMATLOeY\nDescription\nNETWORK\nUpdated Data Status\n(USHCN)\nReferences\nObtain USHCN Data\nthrough Anonymous FTP\nNCDC I Contents Climate Research USHCN Search Help\nIntroduction\nThe U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN, Karl et al. 1990) is a high-quality\nmoderate sized data set of monthly averaged maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and\ntotal monthly precipitation developed to assist in the detection of regional climate change. The\nUSHCN is comprised of 1221 high-quality stations from the U.S. Cooperative Observing\nNetwork within the 48 contiguous United States. An additional data set containing 46 stations\nfor Alaska is also available; however, data for these stations are not adjusted\nfor\ninhomogeneities as outlined below for the USHCN. The period of record varies for each\nstation but generally includes the period 1900-1995. The stations were chosen using a number\nof criteria including length of period of record, percent missing data, number of station moves\nand other station changes that may affect the data homogeneity, and spatial coverage. Included\nwith the data set are metadata files that contain station history information about station\nmoves, instrumentation, observing times, and elevation.\nThe USHCN was developed and is maintained at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)\nand the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC) of Oak Ridge National\nLaboratory through a cooperative agreement between the NCDC and the U.S. Department of\nEnergy. Currently it is distributed by NCDC via anonymous ftp and by CDIAC on various\ncomputer media including anonymous ftp.\nof 4\n12/10/97 3:47 PM\n26","Nineteenth Century U.S. Climate Data Set Project\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlinedata/forts/forts.html\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\nDEPARTMENT\nOF\nNOAR\nNineteenth Century U.S. Climate\nData Set Project\nSTATES\nObjectives and Strategy\nProject Background and Accomplishments\nTime Periods Covered\nMaps of Station Distrubution\nPreliminary Data and Metadata On-Line\nData and Metadata File Format Descriptions\nFuture Plans and Current Efforts\nReferences\nBibliography of Data Sources\nIn situ monthly temperature and precipitation data for the United States from the Nineteenth Century are\nbeing compiled and documented by this project. The period of record for the temperature data begins in\n1822; The precipitation data begin in 1837. These data previously existed in published form in reports that\nare deteriorating with age.\nThe National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), by virtue of an inter-agency agreement with the Department\nof Energy (DOE), has developed a number of data sets to document climate fluctuations and detect\nlong-term climate change in the United States and the world. These long-term data sets include the U.S.\nHistorical Climatology Network (USHCN) and the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) and\ncontain monthly-scale data for several thousand stations covering the last 150 to 200 years. Most of these\ndata, however, are concentrated in the Twentieth Century, with the Nineteenth Century under-represented.\nIn these data sets (and in global change data sets compiled by other researchers), large areas of the United\nStates have no data for the Nineteenth Century simply because it has not previously been available in\ndigital form. For example, a national-scale data set (the Climate Division Data Set), which NCDC uses to\ndocument temperature, precipitation, and drought variations over the contiguous U.S., begins in 1895.\nIncorporation of the data from this project into the USHCN and GHCN data sets would yield a more\naccurate assessment of climate variations over the last two centuries which can be utilized in global change\nreports such as those issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) and in analyses\nand reports generated by the Global Climate Perspectives System (GCPS). Incorporation of these data into\nthe U.S. Climate Division Data Set would extend the national perspective backwards in time to cover\nclimatic periods in the Nineteenth Century that were comparable to the 1930's drought and early 1980's\nwet period. This expanded perspective would enhance the review of U.S. climate anomalies made on a\nmonthly basis by NCDC in the Climate Variations Bulletin publication.\nto the top.\nOverall Objectives and Strategy\n1 4\n12/10/97 3:47 PM\n27","Climate Division: Temperature, Precipitation, Drought Data\nhttp://www.nedc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/ftppage.html\nClimate Division:\nTemperature-Precipitation-Drought Data\nTable of Contents\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nOverview\nThe major parameters in this file are sequential \"Time Biased Corrected\" state climatic division monthly\nAverage Temperatures (Deg.F. to 10ths), Precipitation (Inches to 100ths), and Palmer Drought Indices\n(PDSI, PHDI, PMDI, and ZNDX). Period of record is 1895 through latest month available, updated\nmonthly.\nClick here for a detailed description of this dataset\nDescription of Dataset Files\nThis dataset contains the following files:\ndrought.README - data file information (14 K)\nTemperature - 'Year and Previous Month'.tmp - (3.3 meg.) Example\n9407.tmp\nPrecipitation - 'Year and Previous Month'.pcp - (3.3 meg.) Example => 9407.pcp\nPalmer Drought Severity Index - 'Year and Previous Month'.pdsi - (3.3 meg.) Example\n==>\n9407.pdsi\nPalmer Hydrological Drought Index - 'Year and Previous Month' phdi - (3.3 meg.) Example ==>\n9407.phdi\nModified Palmer Drought Severity Index - 'Year and Previous Month'.pmd - (3.3 meg.) Example\n9407.pmdi\nPalmer 'Z' Index - 'Year and Previous Month'.zndx - (3.3 meg.) Example ==> 9407.; zndx\nData Access\nTo obtain a copy of this dataset via Mosaic.\nI of 2\n12/10/97 3:47 PM\n28","GFDL Global Climate Model (GCM) [100 year run)\nhttp://www.nedc.noua.gov/ol/climate/online/gem.html\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nGFDL Global Climate Model (GCM)\n[100 year run]\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nNCDC | Contents I Climate I Get/View I Surface I Search I Help\nOverview\nThe GCM files we have available are from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\nGCM. There are two simulations available, one is a control run with CO2 fixed, and the other\nis a transient run with equivalent CO2 initialized at the 1958 amount and increased approx.\n1% each year thereafter. Both runs are 100 years long, with monthly resolution. The grid\nresolution is 48x40 on a gaussian grid.\nIn addition, we have provided software that can be used to extract values for the grid points.\nThe files are in IEEE format so some form of the accompanying program must be used to\nconvert to ASCII.\nDescription of Dataset Files\nThis dataset contains the following files..\nreadme $ GCM information and software for IEEE to ASCII conversion. (3 K)\ngem.atm_control.precip w (9.3 meg.)\ngem.atm_control.temp_t - (9.3 meg.)\ngem.atm_oneper.precip - (9.3 meg.)\ngem.atm_oneper.temp_19 - (9.3 meg.)\ngem.elevations - (25 K)\ngem.land_sea_mask - (25 K)\nof 2\n12/10/97 3:48 PM\n29","GFDL Global Climate Model (GCM) [1000 year run]\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/gcm1000.htm\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nGet/View\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nGFDL Global Climate Model (GCM)\n[1000 year run]\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nNCDC I Contents I Climate I Get/View Surface Search Help\nOverview\nThe GCM files we have available are from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory\nGCM. The 1000 year GCM run is a control run for temperature with CO2 fixed. The time\nresolution is monthly and the grid resolution is 48x40 on a gaussian grid.\nIn addition, we have provided software that can be used to extract values for the grid points.\nThe files are in IEEE format so some form of the accompanying program must be used to\nconvert to ASCII.\nDescription of Dataset Files\nThis dataset contains the following files.\nreadme - GCM information and software for IEEE to ASCII conversion. (3 K)\ngcm.elevations - (25 K)\ngcm.land_sea_mask - (25 K)\nv29.1.1000 - (92.9 meg.)\nData Access\nTo obtain a copy of this dataset via Mosaic\nof 2\n12/10/97 3:48 PM\n30","Severe and Extreme Weather--Climatological Maps and Tables\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/severeweather.html\nNCDC/Products & Publications / Severe-Extreme Weather / Search NCDC\nHeavy\nTemperature\nHurricanes\nTornadoes\nRainfall\nExtremes\nFet\nCORN Vixild\n09.05.1996 16:33 UTC\nre and Extreme Weathe\nWeather\nSpecial\nClimatological Ma\nDisasters\nReports\nand Tables\nNCDC / Products & Publications / Severe-Extreme Weather / Search NCDC\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/severeweather.html\nCreated by Neal Lott and Matt Sittel\nLast updated 31 July 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\nI of 1\n12/10/97 5:16 PM\n31","Climate Data Product\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwnolos-Product-PB-016\nNCDC / Online Store / Climatic Data Products / Publications\nNOAA National Data Centers' Online Store\nClimatic Data Products\nComparative Climatic Data\nPublication\nCreation\nCommercial\nOnline\nDate\nList Price\nStore Price\nQuantity\n1997 Aug\n$6.00\n$5.00\n1\nAdd to Shopping Cart\nComparative\nClimatic\nData\nComparative Climatic Data\nfor the United States through 1995\nOverview\nData Tables\nTable Notes\nnoaa\nDownloading of ASCII data used\nin Publication\nOverview\nThese data tables of meteorological elements outline the climatic conditions at major weather\nobserving stations in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Pacific Islands. The data are from\nobserving sites presently in use or include data from former sites that are comparable in\nexposure. Stations having less than three years of data for the current operating site are\nomitted from the tables of observed data. Data in this publication have been extracted from\nthe Normals Means and Extremes table contained in the Local Climatological Data Annual\nSummary, published for individual stations.\n1 of 5\n12/10/97 3:49 PM\n32","Climate Data Product\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwnolos~Product-PB-016\nStations are listed alphabetically by state. The tables are arranged so that values of the same\nelement can be compared for different locations by use of a single table. Some weather\nstations do not regularly report various elements and will therefore not be listed in the table\nfor that element. Asterisks (*) denote average frequency of occurrence greater than zero, but\nsmaller than one half.\nSamples of our Most Popular Publications\nData Tables\nObserved Data\nTemperature - Highest of Record. Degrees F\nTemperature - Lowest of Record, Degrees F\nMean Number of Days Minimum Temperature 32 Deg. F or Less\nMean Number of Days with Precipitation 0.01 Inch or More\nSnowfall (Including Ice Pellets and Sleet) - Average Total in Inches\nWind - Average Speed (MPH)\nWind - Maximum Speed (MPH)\nSunshine - Average Percent of Possible\nCloudiness - Mean Number of Days (Clear, Partly Cloudy, Cloudy)\nAverage Relative Humidity - Morning (M), Afternoon (A)\nClimatological Normals\nNormal Daily Maximum Temperature. Degrees F\nNormal Daily Minimum Temperature. Degrees F\nNormal Daily Mean Temperature, Degrees F\nNormal Heating Degree Days (July-June) Base 65 Degrees F\nNormal Cooling Degree Days (Jan-Dec) Base 65 Degrees F\nNormal Precipitation. Inches\nTable Notes\nThe following gives a full explanation of all symbols and caveats used to explain the data\nvalues in the above data tables.\nI. Observed Data (Monthly and Annual) - These values are the\nmeans and extremes for the Period of Record (number of\nyears) indicated. Period of record are documented in the\nLocal Climatological Data annual publications.\nA.\nTemperature - Highest of Record, Degrees\nFahrenheit (F)\nB.\nTemperature - Lowest of Record, Degrees\nFahrenheit (F)\nThe annual temperature entry for each station\nrepresents the highest or lowest observed\ntemperature in any month.\n2 of 5\n12/10/97 3:49 PM\n33","COADS - Coastal Subset On-Line\nhttp://www.ncdc.noua.gov/onlinedata/coads/coads_subset.html\nA Coastal Subset of COADS On-Line\nNational Climatic\nData Center\n205\n206\nAsheville, NC\nCenter for Coastal\nEcosystem Health\n241\n242\nCharleston, SC\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nLong Marine (Observation) Reports\nMonthly Summary (and Statistics) Trimmed Groups\nOn-Line Data Access\nQuestions and Comments\nReferences\nOverview\nThis dataset is a subset of two of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set products This subset\ndataset consists of surface marine observation data (in unpacked, fixed-length, Long Marine Report\nformat), and monthly summaries and statistics of those observations, reported between 1980 and 1992\n(Release la) and within the four 10-degree boxes covering the eastern coastal U.S. from approximately\nCape May, New Jersey to approximately New Orleans, Louisiana. COADS is the most extensive collection\nof surface marine data available for the world ocean over the past century and a half.\nLong Marine (Observation) Reports (LMR6)\nThe fixed-length Long Marine Report contains all regularly observed weather elements and ID\ninformation, and has a flag set whenever feasible to indicate platform type (ship, drifting buoy, moored\nbuoy, etc.). In COADS processing, the basic observational data have been edited, using a \"trimming\"\nprocedure to identify outliers. This \"trimming\" information is also included in the fixed-length version of\nthe LMR. Details on the format and specific elements and information on how to access the data are\navailable.\nMonthly Summary Trimmed Groups\n1 of 3\n12/10/97 3:50 PM\n34","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html\nNCDC Climate Products\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nProducts\nResources\nGetMiew Data\nInventories\nResearch\nClimate Products & Publications\nProducts\nCD-ROM I Specialized Products I Digital Datasets\nPublications\nOnline Store\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data I Products I Inventories I Research\nPublications\nMany Climate publications available from NCDC are now located in the NOAA National\nData Centers' Online Store. You can now order these and other NOAA products on line. A\nnumber of publications located in the store have full-length HTML versions with additional\nversions (PDF, WordPerfect, Word, and Text) available for free download.\nNCDC Products & Services Guide\nSamples of our Most Popular Publications\nComparative Climatic Data\nClimate Variations Bulletin\nTechnical Reports\nWeather Events of 1993-1997\nBillion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters (1980-1997)\nPublished Papers\nTop of Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html\nLast updated 22 Sep 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n11/21/97 12:34 PM\nof\n35","Weather Events of 1993-1997\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html\nProducts\nEvents\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nWeather Events of 1993-1997\n1997\nFORM\n1996\n1995\n1994\n1993\nOverall Summary\nINTERNATIONAL\nTOTAL\nInternational\nHurricane Danny\nNCDC I Contents I Climate I Products I Events Search Help\n1997\nWestern Plains Snowstorm\nCentral and Eastern Europe Flooding-July 1997\nHurricane Danny-July 1997\nEastern Canada Fires-June 1997\nReviewing Four Weather Events-Spring 1997\nOrdina Store\nTexas Tornadoes-May 1997\nNorthern Plains Flooding-Spring 1997\nNortheast Snowstorm-April 1997\nTornadoes and Flooding-March 1997\nWest Coast Flooding-December 1996-January 1997\nOnline Store\n1996\nWest Coast Flooding-December 1996-January 1997\nOnline there\nA Year of Heavy Rainfall--1996\nSnowstorms in New England-December - 5-8, 1996\nOrtine Store\nAtlantic Hurricane Season-1996\nHurricane Fran-September 1996\n1 of 2\n12/10/97 3:49 PM\n36","Weather Events of 1993-1997\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html\nHurricane Bertha-July 1996\nThe Winter of '95-'96\nOnline Blore\nPacific Northwest Flooding-February 1996\nOrdine there\nCold Wave-February 1996\nOnline Beore\nThe Blizzard of 1996\nOnline Store\n1995\nOnline Store\nThe Winter of '95-'96\nAtlantic Hurricane Season-1995\nOnline here\nOnline bened\nHurricane Opal-October 1995\nCalifornia Flooding-Winter 1995\nOnline Store\n1994\nTropical Storm Alberto Flooding-July 1994\nOnline Store\nSoutheast Ice Storm-Febrary 1994\nOnline Score\n1993\nThe U.S. Summer of 1993 (PDF)\nMidwest Flooding and Southeast Drought of 1993\nOnline Shore\nWater Equivalent vs Rain Guage Measurements from March Blizzard\nOnline Brone\nOnline Grove\nStorm of the Century-March 1993\nWinter Precipitation in SW Arizona-1992-1993\nOnline Store\nOverall Summary\nBillion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters 1980-1997\nTop of Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html\nCreated by the NCDC Research Customer Service Group\nLast updated 09 Dec 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n2 of 2\n12/10/97 3:49 PM\n37","Climatic Data Products\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwnolos-storemain\nNCDC / Online Store\nNOAA National Data Centers' Online Store\nClimatic Data Products\nShop by Media Type\nShop by Category\nSearch Product Catalog\nExisting Order Information\nShop by Media Type\nCD-ROM\nPublication\nShop by Category\nClimate\nData\nTechnical Reports\nSatellite\nDMSP\nGOES\nISCCP\nNimbus\nPOES\nSEASAT\nTechnical Reports\nRadar\nTechnical Reports\nSearch Product Catalog\nEnter keyword or string to search for:\nSearch\nI of 2\n12/10/97 4:54 PM\n38","Climatic Data Products\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwnolos-storemain\nExisting Order Information\nCheck Order Status (order number required)\nThis page was dynamically generated 10 Dec 97 at 16:58:24 via\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/nolos/main.html\n2 of 2\n12/10/97 4:54 PM\n39","Inventories\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html\nInventories\nNCDC\nContents\nClimate\nSurface\nSearch\nHelp\nInventories/Station Lists (.txt Files)\nfor U.S. and Global Surface Data\nIntroduction\nSurface Data Inventories &\nStation Lists\nNEXRAD Inventories &\nInformation\nOther Inventories & Information\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nNotes\nNCDC I Contents I Climate I Inventories Surface Search Help\nIntroduction\nQuick access to NCDC inventories and information is provided below (just click on any file\nlisted below to download). Instructions are also provided at the bottom of this page for\naccessing these files through anonymous ftp. Some of these files are rather large so special\nattention to the size is recommended before accessing them through your browser. Additional\nnotes are also available.\nSurface Data Inventories & Station Lists\nASOS STATION LIST\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/ASOSLST.TXT (28.0Kbytes)\nA list of all U.S. ASOS stations for which NCDC receives and processes data.\nCOOPERATIVE STATIONS INDEX\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COOP.TXT (10.2Mbytes)\nHistorical cooperative station index through 1997. Cooperative stations are U.S. stations\noperated by local observers which generally report max/min temperatures and\nprecipitation. National Weather Service (NWS) data are also included in this dataset.\nThe data receive extensive automated + manual quality control. Data are available\nof 6\n12/9/97 12:26 PM\n40","http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html\nInventories\nthrough 1997, and the index includes a county location cross-reference. Over 8000\nstations are currently active across the country. Due to file size, users should 'load to\nlocal disk' (right mouse button on many browsers) instead of attempting to read entire\nfile into memory. See cooperative active stations index below for smaller file with only\nthe currently active stations included.\nCOOPERATIVE STATIONS INDEX (COMPRESSED)\nAp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COOP.TXT.Z (1.6Mbytes)\nSame as above but compressed for quicker download.\nCOOPERATIVE STATIONS INDEX-ACTIVI STATIONS\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COOP-ACT.TXT (1.4Mbytes)\nSame as Index above but only includes stations that are still active, thereby providing a\nmuch smaller file for downloading.\nCOOPERATIVE STATIONS MAP\nAtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COOP-MAP.GIF (35.0Kbytes)\nA 'gif' image map with locations of all currently active cooperative stations in the\ncontinental U.S. plotted.\nCOOPERATIVE STATIONS STATE CODES\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COOP-STATE-CODES.TXT ( (772bytes)\nThe 2-digit numbers for each state which correspond to the first 2 digits of the\ncooperative station numbers.\nGLOBAL SURFACE DATA INFORMATION: Use the global country list to identify the\ncountries (including U.S.) of interest. Then use one of the global station lists to identify the\nstation(s) of interest. Finally, use the global surface inventories to obtain month-by-month\ninventories showing the volume of data available for each station.\nGLOBAL COUNTRY LIST\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/COUNTRY-LIST.IXT (12.6Kbytes)\nReference showing country names and the associated station number ranges assigned for\neach country. Use with global inventories.\nGLOBAL STATION HISTORY\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-STATION-LIST-HISTORY.TXT\n(1.6Mbytes)\nSimilar to 'GLOBAL STATION LIST #1' (see below) but also shows inactive stations\nand a chronology of stations since the early 1970's.\nGLOBAL STATION LIST #1\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-STATION-LIST.TXT\n(784Kbytes)\nA list of active worldwide surface and/or upper-air stations sorted by country and state\n(for the U.S.), and includes latitude/longitude/elevation information. The 'GLOBAL\nCOUNTRY LIST file provides corresponding country names and station number ranges\nfor each country. The global surface inventories provide month-by-month inventories of\ndata available from the surface database. Updated quarterly.\n12/9/97 12:26 PM\n2 of 6\n41","Inventories\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html\nGLOBAL STATION LIST #2\nhtp://Ap.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/MSC-ABB.TXT (816Kbytes)\nSame as 'GLOBAL STATION LIST #1' but sorted by station number. Updated quarterly.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY (WMO BLOCKS 01-19)\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1900-1996A.TXT\n(4.3Mbytes)\nRECENTLY UPDATED--reflecting addition of more historical data to database.\nMonthly inventory of worldwide surface observations for the TD9950 (AWS\nDATSAV2) database from 1900-1996. TD9950 includes all U.S. and worldwide hourly\nand synoptic observations, and the data receive extensive automated quality control.\nThese 5 files cover WMO blocks 01-19, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, and 80-99 respectively;\nwith this file (blocks 01-19) covering all of Europe. These files contain the most\ncomplete inventory in this directory for these data. They can be used in conjunction with\nother files described in this directory, such as 'GLOBAL STATION LIST #1'.\nInventories are updated periodically, and data will be available approximately one month\nafter the end of the data month (e.g., January available by first of March). *** Due to file\nsize, users should 'load to local disk' (right mouse button on many browsers) instead of\nattempting to read the entire file into memory.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY (WMO BLOCKS 20-39)\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1900-1996B,TX\n(5.9Mbytes)\nSee above. These blocks cover the former USSR region.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY (WMO BLOCKS 40-59)\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1900-1996C.TXT\n(3.9Mbytes)\nSee above. These blocks cover the remainder of Asia.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY (WMO BLOCKS 60-79)\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1900-1996D.TXT\n(5.4Mbytes)\nSee above. These blocks cover Africa and North America (including U.S.)\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY (WMO BLOCKS 80-99)\nAtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1900-1996E.TXT\n(2.4Mbytes)\nSee above. These blocks cover South America, Antarctica, Pacific Islands (including\nHawaii), Australia and nearby regions.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY FOR 1996\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1996.TXT (800Kbytes)\nMonthly inventory of worldwide (U.S. and abroad) surface observations for 1996 from\nthe TD9950 database.\nGLOBAL SURFACE INVENTORY FOR 1997\ntp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/GLOBAL-SFC-1997.TXT(700Kbytes)\nMonthly inventory of worldwide (U.S. and abroad) surface observations for 1997 from\nthe TD9950 database.\n3 of 6\n12/9/97 12:26 PM\n42","Inventories\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE (NWS) STATION HISTORIES\ntp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/STATION-HIST.WP5 (5.1Mbytes)\nA Wordperfect-5 file with station history summaries for all NWS locations--includes\nexact station location, anemometer height, etc. Use 'load to local disk (right mouse\nbutton on many browsers) due to file size.\nNATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATION HISTORIES-ZIPPED\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/STATION-HIST.ZIP(880Kbytes)\nPK-zipped version of the NWS station histories file.\nNWS-NAVY SURFACE DATA INVENTORY\nAtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/TD3280.TXT(2.1Mbytes)\nTD3280 (U.S. Navy, National Weather Service first-order stations) inventory through\n1995--historical index of stations/periods of record included in TD3280. Some of the\nstations which have partial periods of record shown here have full periods of record\nshown in the global TD9950 inventories mentioned above. (TD9950 includes additional\nU.S. stations as well.) TD3280 data receive extensive automated + manual quality\ncontrol. Data are available through 1995 and beyond. Processing changes related to\nASOS and Metar have delayed updates. Generally, NCDC services requests for\nNWS/Navy hourly data from this tapedeck, and requests for other hourly/synoptic data\nfrom TD9950 (global surface shown above).\nNWS-USAF-NAVY STATION LIST\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/WBAN.TXT (5.0Mbytes)\nHistorical WBAN index through 1997. WBAN's are forms received here at NCDC for\nNational Weather Service and U.S. military stations. This is an index of these\nlocations--many of which have hourly data in digital form. Additional hourly type\nstations are included in the global surface inventories above. See format file below for\nformat documentation.\nNWS-USAF-NAVY STATION LIST (COMPRESSED)\nhtp://Ap.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/WBAN.TXT.Z (820Kbytes)\nSame as above but compressed for quicker download.\nNWS-USAF-NAVY STATION LIST FORMAT\nhtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/WBAN-FMT.TXT (1.0Kbytes)\nFormat layout for the NWS-USAF-Navy station list.\nWBAN-WMO CROSS REFERENCE\nAtp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/inventories/WBAN-MSC.TXT (125Kbytes)\nWBAN-AWSMSC-WMO cross reference--the WBAN index and TD9950 (both\nmentioned above) cross-referenced with World Meteorological Organization (WMO)\nnumbers. These are the 3 numbering systems used by NCDC for national/international\nlocations. Cross-reference is based on corresponding call letters for the station.\nNEXRAD Inventories & Information\n4 of 6\n12/9/97 12:26 PM\n43","CARDS Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cards/cards_stn_browse.html\nCARDS Metadata Station Browse\nPopulated with over 2300 upper air stations, the CARDS project currently has 20 million radisonde\nobservations quality controlled and loaded in station-sorted databases. These data are comprised of\nobservations collected from over 20 data sources and range from 1940 to 1990.\nThis page allows the user to browse stations with data currently loaded in the CARDS databases. Searches\nmay be performed on WMO block, CARDS number, FIPS country code, US state code, name, or\nlatitude/longitude range. Name searches are performed as a \"wildcard\" search where any occurence of the\nstring exists in the station name. An all-stations option is also available with several sort options.\nOnce a station list has been created, the user has the option to generate a current station history and data\ninventory for a selected station.\nChoose ONE Selection Criteria:\nALL Stations\nStations by WMO Block Number\nSelect One CARDS Number\nStations by FIPS COUNTRY Code\nStations by US STATE Code\nStations by NAME\nLAT/LON Range\nCARDS Metadata Browse - ALL Stations\nThis options allows the user to generate a listing of all CARDS stations with observation data currently\nloaded in the CARDS station-sorted databases. Eight sort options are available; the default sort attribute is\nthe CARDS#.\n01 CARDS#\n02 Station NAME\n03 FIPS Country Code\n04 STATE Code\nSelect a Sort Option:\n05 LATITUDE\nGenerate Station Listing\nCARDS Metadata Browse - WMO Block Search\nStations may be selected by the two-digit WMO Block. This option allows the user to generate a station\n1 of 3\n12/10/97 3:52 PM\n44","NCDC Satellite Resources\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oV/satellite/satelliteresources.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nSatellite Resources\nAbout NCDC's Satellite Resources\nGet/View Online Satellite Data\nProducts & Publications\nData Inventories\nResearch\nOnline Document Library\nContact Information\nOther Resources\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data I Products I Inventories I Research\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satelliteresources.html\nLast updated 25 Sep 97 bywebmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n1 of I\n11/21/97 12:36 PM\n45","NCDC: Get/View Online Satellite Data\nfile://fc:/html/test.htm\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nGet/View Data\nResources\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nGet/View Online Satellite Data\nHistorical GOES Browse Server\nSatellite Active Archive (Ley 1b POES/DMSP DATA)\nImages/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nSSM/L Global Gridded Files from FTP server\nSatellite's Eye Art Galleries (discussions and images)\nInteractive SSM/I and Blended Image Products\nTOVS Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) Tropospheric\nTemperature Anomalies\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite Climate I Radar Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products Inventories Research\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satellitedata.html\nLast updated 24 Sep 97 by webmaster@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\nI of I\n12/11/97 9:29 AM\n46","NCDC Historical GOES Browse Server\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/goesbrowse/goesbrowse.html\nSatellite\nGet/View\nBrowse\nSearch\nHelp\nNCDC\nContents\nNCDC Historical GOES Browse Server\nChoose a GOES image category\nFull Earth\nNorthern Hemisphere\nJuly 1, 1992 to Dec 14, 1996\nDec 14, 1996 to Present\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Get/View Data I Browse Search I Help\nWelcome\nThe National Climatic Data Center's HISTORICAL GOES BROWSE SERVER is unique compared to other\nsites offering satellite images, in that it provides a growing archive of on-line Geostationary Operational\nEnvironmental Satellite (GOES) retrospective images. It is primarily intended to aid researchers performing\nlong term atmospheric studies involving satellite imagery. Browse imagery covering the Northern Hemisphere\nare available from December 14, 1996 up to the present. Prior to December 14, 1996, full earth browse\nimagery are available back to July 01, 1992. All full earth imagery have been provided by the Space Science\nand Engineering Center of the University of Wisconsin. Your comments are welcome! Visit the NOAA\nGeostationary Satellite Browse Server for higher temporal and spatial resolution, real time GOES\nimages! For information on other NCDC Satellite Resources click on Satellite at the top.\nTop of Page\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/goesbrowse/goesbrowse.html\nCreated by Doug Ross and Axel Graumann\nLast updated 12 September 1997\n11/21/97 12:36 PM\nI of ]\n47","Satellite Active Archive\nhttp://www.saa.noaa.gov/data-available.html\nThe Satellite Active Archive\nNOAA\nRelease 1.4\nNavigator: Important Notices I NOAA POD Guide I NOAA Home Page I SAA Home Page I Comments\nData Available in the SAA\nListed below are the data sets that are either in the Satellite Active Archive (SAA) or are scheduled\nto be added in the near future. For data sets that are available, a link to the page describing that data\nset is provided. If the data set has not been added to SAA, an estimated date of the scheduled\naddition is noted.\nAVHRR Level 1B\nTOVS Level 1B\nDMSP\nSSM/T1 Level 1B\nSSM/T2 Level 1B\nSSM/I SDR\nSSM/I EDR\nSSM/I TDR\nTOVS Deep Layer Mean Temperature (Pathfinder)\nNOAA-K Level 1B ( AVHRR & TOVS) - 1998\n06.\nLast Modified: Wednesday, July 23, 1997 at 02:44:17 PM\nSend questions, problems, or comments to: SAA User Assistance <saainfo@nesdis.noaa.gov>\nComments about the SAA Web pages should be sent to: WebMeister@saa.noaa.gov\n1 1\n12/10/97 3:55 PM\n48","Images/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nhttp://www.ncdc.noua.gov/ol/satellite/olimages.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nImages\nSearch\nHelp\nImages/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nPacific Cat 5 Hurricane Guillermo (Aug 05)\n(Hurricanes and Tropical Storms/1997)\nHurricanes and Tropical Storms\nOther Storms\nOther Miscellaneous\nNCDC I Contents Satellite I Get/View | Images Search Help\nIntroduction\nThis data and information resource was created by the National Climatic Data Center. It is\nin\nthe public domain and permission is granted to use, duplicate, modify, and redistribute it.\nPlease give credit for the satellite images to NOAA / National Climatic Data Center. Also, if\nyou would like to email us with a quick review of how you used the images, the address is\nsatorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.\nHurricanes and Tropical Storms\n1997\nHurricane Danny IR #1 (July 18)\nHurricane Danny IR Movie #1 (July 18, MPEG)\nI of 12\n12/11/97 9:23 AM\n49","Images/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/olimages.html\nHurricane Danny IR Movie #2 (July 18, MPEG)\nHurricane Danny IR Movie #3 (July 21-MPEG)\nHurricane Danny Visible #1 (July 18)\nHurricane Danny Visible #2 (July 18)\nHurricane Danny Visible Movie (July 18--MPEG)\nHurricane Erika IR (Sep 05)\nHurricane Erika IR (Sep 08)\nHurricane Erika IR Movie (Sep 08--MPEG)\nHurricane Erika Visible (Sep 05)\nHurricane Erika Visible (Sep 08)\nMarch Cyclone Hits Australia\nPacific Cat 5 Hurricane Guillermo (Aug 05)\nPacific Cat 5 Hurricane Linda IR (Sep 12)\nPacific Cat 5 Hurricane Linda Visible 1 (Sep 12)\nPacific Cat 5 Hurricane Linda Visible 2 (Sep 12)\nPacific Hurricane Guillermo IR 1 (Aug 04)\nPacific Hurricane Guillermo IR 2 (Aug 05)\nPacific Hurricane Guillermo Visible 1 (Aug 04)\nPacific Hurricane Guillermo Visible 2 (Aug 05)\nPacific Hurricane Nora IR (Sep 25)\nPacific Hurricane Nora IR Movie (Sep 25 MPEG)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline Visible Close-up (Oct 07)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline Visible (Oct 07)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline Visible Close-up (Oct 08)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline Visible (Oct 08)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline IR (Oct 08)\nPacific Hurricane Pauline IR (Oct 09)\nPacific Super Typhoon Nestor--Close-up from NRL\nPacific Super Typhoon Nestor--GMS Hemispheric\nPacific Trop Storm Andres-IR\nPacific Trop Storm Andres-Visible\nPacific Trop Storm Blanca-IR\nPacific Trop Storm Blanca--Visible\nSuper Typhoon Oliwa IR (Sep 1\nSuper Typhoon Oliwa Visible (Sep 10)\nSuper Typhoon Oliwa Visible (Sep 11)\nSuper Typhoon Winnie Visible (Aug 12)\nSuper Typhoon Winnie Visible (Aug 13)\nSuper Typhoon Winnie Visible Close-up (Aug 13)\nSuper Typhoon Ivan POES Composite (Oct 17)\nSuper Typhoons Ivan and Joan Visible (Oct 18)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Enhanced IR (Oct 31)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Visible (Oct 31)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Visible (Nov 01)\nSuper Typhoon Keith POES (Nov 01)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Visible (Nov 02)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Visible (Nov 02)\nSuper Typhoon Keith Visible (Nov 04)\nTropical Storm Ana IR (July 02)\nTropical Storm Ana Visible (July 02)\n2 of 12\n12/11/97 9:23 AM\n50","Images/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/olimages.html\n1988\nHurricane Gilbert Visible (from LSU)\nHurricane Gilbert Visible 1\nHurricane Gilbert Visible 2\n1987\nHurricane Emily\n1985\nHurricane Gloria AVHRR Visible 1\nHurricane Gloria AVHRR Visible 2\n1984\nHurricane Diana AVHRR Visible\n1983\nHurricane Alicia AVHRR\n1972\nHurricane Agnes Visible\n1970\nHurricane Celia\n1969\nHurricane Camille!!\nOther Storms\n1997\nApril 1 Northeast Snowcover After Storm (Visible)\nApril 2 Northeast Snowcover After Storm (Visible)\nJune 2 T'storms in the Southeast (Movie)\nLake Effect Snowstorm-Jan 13 Visible\nMarch 1 IR Image During OH Valley Storms\nMarch 1 IR Movie During Arkadelphia Tornado\nMarch I Vis Image During Arkadelphia Tornado\nMarch I Vis Image During OH Valley Storms\n12/11/97 9:23 AM\n8 of 12\n51","Images/Movies of Hurricanes and Special Events\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/olimages.html\n1993\nMarch '93 Storm of the Century 1\nMarch '93 Storm of the Century 2\nMarch '93 Storm of the Century DMSP\nOther Miscellaneous\n1997\nApril 7 Snowcover in Dakotas After Blizzard\nBorneo Fires Color Composite (Sep 20)\nBorneo Fires Color Composite (Sep 21)\nBorneo Fires POES IR (Sep 21)\nBorneo Fires Color Composite (Sep 22)\nBorneo Fires POES IR (Sep 29)\nBorneo Fires POES IR (Oct 01)\nBorneo Fires POES IR (Oct 03)\nCalifornia River Flooding POES Image (Jan 5)\nGOES-8 Eastern U.S. / Atlantic Visible (Sep 3)\nJune 10 Fires in Canada (#1)\nJune 10 Fires in Canada (#2)\nJune 10 Fires in Canada (Movie #1)\nJune 10 Fires in Canada (Movie #2)\nKilauea Volcano (Oct 2)\nMarch 10 AVHRR Image of Ohio Valley Flooding\nNorthern Plains Snow Cover-Apr 13 (from NASA)\n1996\nAVHRR Enhanced Image of U.S. Topography\nAnnual 1996 Precipitation Departures\nAnnual 1996 Temperature Departures\nArizona April Wildfires IR Image\nArizona April Wildfires Vis Image\nAtlantic SST & Southeast U.S. IR MPEG\nAtlantic Seaboard Clouds (Nov 15)\nCalifornia Fires Oct 21 AVHRR\nExcellent GOES-8 Cloud Mosaic Nov 27 (from NASA)\nFall 1996 Precipitation Totals\nFall 1996 Temperature Departures\nLake Effect Snowfall Aftermath (Nov 15, from NASA)\nMidwest Snowcover GOES-8 Dec 01 (from NASA)\nMount Popocatepet] (Mexico) Volcano IR Image\nMount Popocatepetl (Mexico) Volcano Vis Image\nNew Mexico Fires GOES-8 Visible (4/30/96) MPEG\nSoutheast Snowshowers (Feb 04) Vis Image 1\n10 of 12\n12/11/97 9:23 AM\n52","SSM/ Global Gridded Products\nhttp://www.ncdc.noma.gov/ol/satellite/ssmi/ssmiproducts.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nSSM/ Data\nSearch\nHelp\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)\nGlobal Gridded Products\nSSM/I Monthly Composite Products\nl'ment\nOverview\nDescription of Dataset Files\nData Access\nQuestions and Comments\nNovember 10H7\nNCDC I Contents Satellite Get/View SSM/I Data Search Help\nOverview\nThe Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager(SSM/I)\nbecame operational in July 1987 on the F-8 satellite. Subsequent SSM/I's have been flown on the F-\n10 (November 1990), F-11 (December 1991), F-12 (August 1994), and most recently, F-13 (March\n1995) satellites. The SSM/I is a seven channel passive microwave radiometer operating at four\nfrequencies (19,35, 22,235, 37.0, and 85.5 GHz) and dual- polarization (except at 22.235 GHz which is\nV-polarization only).\nResearchers in the MICROWAVE SENSING GROUP of the Land Sciences Branch are actively\ninvolved in SSM/I algorithm development and validation, and the application of such algorithms for\nweather forecasting and analysis, and CLIMATE EVALUATION. Additionally, the SSM/I is being used\nto develop algorithms for the use on the NOAA-K,L,M Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU),\nwhich will contain some frequencies similar to those on the SSM/I (e.g., 23.8, 31.4, and 89.0 GHz), but\nwill not have polarization information.\nThe products presently being evaluated include PRECIPITATION, SNOW COVER, SEA-ICE, TOTAL\nPRECIPITABLE WATER, and CLOUD LIQUID WATER, and OCEAN SURFACE WIND SPEED.\nThe SSM/I products are useful for evaluating the mean climate state, it's interannual and seasonal\nvariations, and the detection of anomalies associated with ENSO and regional climatic variations.\nThe Microwave Sensing Group has assembled a time series of the entire SSM/ archive, which\nincludes data from July 1987 to the present. Monthly average products are produced for precipitation,\ncloud liquid water, total precipitable water, snow cover, sea-ice cover, and oceanic surface wind speed.\nA\ngood overview of the products available from the SSM/I can be found in the May 1996 Bulletin of the\nAmerican Meteorological Society: pages 891-905.\n\"An Eight Year (1987-1994) Time Series of Rainfall, Clouds, Water Vapor, Snow-cover, and Sea-ice\n1 of 5\n12/10/97 3:56 PM\n53","Weather Satellite Events Art Gallery: Main Gallery\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satelliteseye/satelliteseye.htmm\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nGet/View\nGallery\nSearch\nHelp\nMiscellaneous\nExtratropical\nHurricanes\nTornadoes\nPhenomena\nCyclones\nBlizzards\nFires\nSatellite's Eye\nArt\nEducational Topics\nLatest Masterpiece\nSnowstorms\nVolcanoes\nSea Ice\nFloods\nThunderstorms\nClouds\nNCDC I Contents I Satellitel Get/View I Gallery I Search I Help\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satelliteseye/satelliteseye.html\nLast Updated 03 Nov 97 bysmccown@ncdc.noaa.gov\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n1 of I\n11/21/97 12:39 PM\n54","NCDC Satellite Product & Publications\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satelliteproducts.html\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nReder\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nSatellite Products & Publications\nProducts\nDigital\nPOES I GOES I DMSP ISCCP\nNon-Digital\nPublications\nPOES I GOES I DMSP\nISCCP I SEASAT I NIMBUS-7\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products I Inventories Research\nDigital Products\nPOES I GOES I DMSP ISCCP\nPolar Orbiter Environmental Satellite (POES)\nFor a full description of the POES instruments, level 1b formats, and products please refer to\nthe Polar Orbiter Data Users Guide.\nNow on-line! The Global Vegetation Index User's Guide.\nTo obtain printed copies or to review the entire list of satellite publications go to Satellite\nPublications at the NCDC's Online Store.\n1 of 6\n12/10/97 3:54 PM\n55","NCDC Radar Resources\nhttp://www.ncdc.nosa.gov/o/radar/radarresources.htm)\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nRadar Resources\nAbout NCDC's Radar Resources\nGet/View Online Radar Data\nProducts & Publications\nData Inventories\nResearch\nOnline Document Library\nContact Information\nOther Resources\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data Products I Inventories Research\nAbout NCDC's Radar Resources\nIntroduction\nWhat is NEXRAD?\nWhat are the NEXRAD Components?\nHow does the radar collect data?\nWhere can I get details on NEXRAD radar?\nWhat NEXRAD data are available from NCDC?\nWhat is the cost of NEXRAD data?\nNEXRAD Terms and Acronvms\nIntroduction\nRadar data and derived products are available through the National Climatic Data Center. The\nI of 3\n12/10/97 4:39 PM\n56","NEXRAD National Mosaic Reflectivity Images\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?WWNEXRAD-Images2\nNCDC\nContents\nRadar\nGet/View\nImages\nSearch\nHelp\nNEXRAD National Mosaic Reflectivity Images\nSelect Date\nPlease Select Day, Month, and Year for the\ndesired image.\n1\nJanuary\n1997\nSUBMIT\nCurrently Available\nWISHNOWTAD MOSAIC 05 SEP TOTAL 230000\n1 April 1995 to 18 April 1997, Daily\nHurricane Fran, 5 Sept. 1996; click to enlarge\n19 April 1997 to 6 November 1997, Hourly\nImages provided by Weather Services International Corp. (WSI) though the Global Energy and Water\nCycle Experiment Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP)\nNCDC I Contents I Radar I Get/View I Images I Search I Help\nThis page was dynamically generated 21 Nov 97 at 12:40:25 via\nhttp://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?WWNEXRAD~Images2\nPlease see the NCDC Contact Page if you have questions or comments.\n1 of I\n11/21/97 12:35 PM\n57","NCDC Radar Products & Publications\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/radar/radarproducts.htm\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGetVVew Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nRadar Products & Publications\nProducts\nPublications\nOrdering NCDC Data & Products\nLevel II Tape Documentation\nVisualization and Analysis Software\nStandard Read Routines for NEXRAD Data\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data I Products I Inventories I Research\nProducts\nLevel II\nWSR-88D Level II data are the high-resolution base data ( reflectivity, mean radial\nvelocity and spectrum width) produced at the full spatial and temporal resolution of the\nWSR-88D system. These data are collected at the WSR-88D radar data acquisition\n(RDA) computers and written to 8mm tape for archiving at the National Climatic Data\nCenter. Base reflectivity is a measure of the echo (return) intensity of targets (clouds,\nwater dropplets, dust, etc.) in the atmosphere. Mean radial velocity is a measure of the\nradial component of the wind either toward or away from the radar. Spectrum width is a\nmeasure of the variation of the velocity within the sampling area.\nLevel III\nThere are a total of 24 level III products routinely available from NCDC which include\n7 graphic products in clear-air mode, 11 in precipitation mode, 5 graphic overlays and 1\nalphanumeric product. Each product will include state, county & city background maps.\nLevel III graphic products are available as color hard copy, gray scale hard copy or\nacetate overlay copies. A list of these products appears in Federal Meteorological\nHandbook (FMH) No. 11, part A, pages 5-3 and 5-4, and a complete description of each\nproduct is in FMH-11, part C, pages 2-1 through 2-101. A brief description and possible\nuses of these products are included here.\nBase Reflectivity (R) - A display of echo intensity measured in dBZ. This product\nis used to detect precipitation, evaluate storm structure, locate boundaries and\n1 of 4\n11/21/97 12:36 PM\n58","NCDC Radar Data Inventories\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/radar/radarinventories.htm\nNCDC\nContents\nSatellite\nClimate\nRadar\nSearch\nHelp\nResources\nGet/View Data\nProducts\nInventories\nResearch\nRadar Data Inventories\nStation History\nLevel III (900KB)\nLevel II, (Important Notice)\nComplete Inventory (7MB)\nInventory Summary\nBy Station Name / Station Name Alias\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\nNCDC I Contents I Satellite I Climate I Radar I Search I Help\nResources I Get/View Data I Products I Inventories I Research\nImportant Notice About Level II Inventories\nThe complete Level II inventory is too large for most PCs to view on the web. If the complete\ninventory is needed we suggest you ftp the inventory. Click on Level II ftp instructions.\nWorkstation users may click on View complete Level II inventory to view it.\nSelect individual station Level II inventories by clicking the 4-letter station ID or the station\nname. Many stations have more than one name (alias). If the name you want does not appear\nin the standard station name list, find and click on the name in the aliases list.\nAnonymous FTP Instructions\na) Enter: open ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov\nb) Login is: ftp or anonymous\nc) Password is: your email address\nd) You are now logged onto a UNIX workstation. Enter help if you'd like a list of available\ncommands.\ne) To move to the correct subdirectory, enter: cd /pub/data/nexrad\nf) To get a copy of the inventory file, enter: get NEXRAD.TXT destination (destination is\nyour output location and name) e.g. get NEXRAD.TXT c:NEXINV.TXT - copies to hard\ndrive C:\nI of 2\n11/21/97 12:36 PM\n59","ON-LINE ACCESS\nAND SERVICE INFORMATION SYSTEM (OASIS)\nThe National Climatic Data Center maintains the On-Line Access and Service Information\nSystem (OASIS) for selected NCDC data and metadata files. The system was developed by the\nNWS Forecast Systems Lab and is designed for use by scientific researchers with programming\ncapabilities. Once connected to OASIS, users can obtain these files by FTP computer access.\nData are placed on-line as soon as possible after receipt or processing. These data are available\nwithout charge via FTP for immediate downloading (up to 5 MB), or users can order data for\noff-line delivery (standard NCDC charges). Most datasets are available from NCDC in either\nenhanced BUFR or ASCII format, and format information is available on-line. Data format\ntranslators are available. In\naddition to data, important\nmetadata are included with\nURL Address http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/\nthe on-line data. Station\ncodiac/oasis-www.html\nhistories, data dictionaries,\nfield experiment\ninformation, and data\ninventories are included.\nOASIS READ LIBRARY AND FILE DUMP PROGRAMS\nTo the left are instructions for accessing the read library and the file dump program to decode\nenhanced BUFR, the data format on OASIS.\nAfter you log in, you are now in a UNIX environment and will need to change directories to get\nto the code. Go to directory: pub/E-BUFR/ebdump. Then display the contents of the directory\nby typing Is or dir. There will be four files listed: ebdump.tar, README, ebdump. vax, and\nREADME.vax. The README file contains instructions on the use of the read library and the\nebdump program. The ebdump.tar and ebdump. vax files contain an archive of the source code.\nTo download the files to your UNIX\nmachine, type 'mget README\nopen ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov\nebdump.tar'; to download the files to your\nthe login is: ftp or anonymous\nVAX machine, type 'mget README.vax\nthe password is: your E-Mail address\nebdump.vax'. You can logout of the server\n60","by typing QUIT.\nIf you are on a UNIX system, you will have to use the tar command to extract the source code\nfrom the archive. At your prompt, type 'tar xvf ebdump.tar'. If you do an Is command next,\nyou will see many files, including one named \"Makefile.\" In order to compile the source code\nand get an executable of the ebdump program, type 'make.' The ebdump program is an example\nof how the read library can be used. It is a stand-alone program that can be used to view the data.\nTo execute ebdump, simply type 'ebdump'. The program will prompt you for the data to display.\nUsers are encouraged to study the README file. There are many software routines to use\nwith enhanced BUFR formatted data. They are described in the README file. Software\nroutines whose names begins with BF extract information from buffer message sections. Routine\nnames that begin with DSP use extracted information and provide output. Ebdump is intended as\na prototype program to be used as a guide for users in writing their own programs accessing the\nread library routines.\n61","OASIS DATASETS\n(\"Latest\" indicates latest available data)\nProcess Time Before\nData\nPeriod of Record\nOn-Line Availability\nWind Profiler\nWinds-60\n2 Years\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nSurface-60\nOct 96-latest\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nMoments-60\n14 days\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nMoments-6\n14 days\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nRASS-6\n14 days\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nRASS-60\nOct 96-latest\n1 1/2 - 2 hours\nNWS Surface Hourly\nJan 92-Jun 96\nNWS Rawinsonde\nJan 92-latest\n1-2 months\nNWS Precipitation\nHourly\nJan 92-latest\n8-9 months\n15-Minute\nJan 92-latest\n8-9 months\nField Experiments\nCAPE\nJun-Jul 1991\nAs Required\nSTORM-FEST\nJan-Feb 1992\nAs Required\nGCIP\nJan-Apr 1992\nAs Required\nSBUV UV/Ozone Data\nApr 92-Apr 94\nAs Required\n62","BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM\nThe National Climatic Data Center's (NCDC) Bulletin Board System (BBS) is a PC-based system\nwith 400 MB of data storage. The bulletin board operates 24 hours/day using PC Board software as\nits primary operating system, and can be accessed using most commercial modems, but not via\nWWW. It's provided for users without WWW access, but will be moved to WWW in the near\nfuture. Simply follow the instructions given after dialing into the system.\nNOTE: Call 704-271-4619 if you have technical questions.\nNCDC Bulletin Board Products\nThere are several products available on the Bulletin Board, each having unique file name(s). Listed\nbelow are the products currently available in the BBS. A $111 annual subscription fee is required for\nsome of the products.\nProduct Documentation has been developed for several of the data files listed below. This\ndocumentation provides formats and further interpretation/clarification of the data. Without\nusing these files, the data are often difficult or impossible to understand. A separate file has\nbeen developed for selected products. It is\nsuggested that the documentation file for each\nproduct you will be using be downloaded and\nModem Specifications for Accessing BBS\nprinted for future use. The same format will be\nused for all files with the same product name.\nTelephone: (704) 271-4286\nBaud Rate: 1200 to 33,600\nPreliminary Monthly Summary\nParity: No\n(HDD/CDD/TMP/PCP) Data for\nData Bits: 8\napproximately 500 U.S. locations are\nStop Bits: 1\nprovided in a single file. Data for each\nEcho: Y or N\nlocation includes the heating and cooling\ndegree day totals, departures from\nnormal, and seasonal totals to date;\naverage monthly maximum, minimum, and\nmean temperatures, and departure of the\nmeans from normal; and precipitation\ntotals and departures from normal.\n63","Printable Local Climatological Data (LCD) - 132 column ASCII format. The printable\nLCD contains exactly the same data as the printed version. The sequential order of\nappearance of sections of the publication are not the same as the printed version. Note: This\nreport will \"wrap-around\" on 80 column printers. To prevent wrapping, customers must use\ncondensed print, utilize the DOS mode command, or have a 132 column printer.\nSpreadsheet Local Climatological Data. The spreadsheet LCD contains 9 character\ncells,\ndelimited by commas, with text enclosed in quotes. It can be imported into most commercial\nspreadsheet software.\nStation Narratives. This 80 column printable narrative contains general information about\nthe location of each station, overall climatology, and highlights of expected weather for each\narea. It is the same as that printed in the Annual Summary of the LCD.\nPrintable ASOS Local Climatological Data.\nBeginning in 1993, as part of a\nmodernization effort by the National Weather Service, additional data are being measured at\nstations converted to the new Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). A new format\nfor such stations has been developed and is known as the \"ASOS Local Climatological Data.\"\nA major difference between this publication and the standard LCD is that the abridged hourly\nsurface weather observations are available for every hour in the BBS. As more stations\nare\nconverted to ASOS operations, the number of ASOS LCD's will increase, and the number of\nstandard LCD's will decline.\nASOS Unedited Summary of the Day NWS Form F6. This product is roughly analogous\nto the National Weather Service Form F6 which provides daily extremes and a monthly\nsummary for selected weather elements. Since it is exactly the same as the first page of the\nPrintable ASOS Local Climatological Data, it can be used as an abridged edition of that\npublication. No hourly surface weather observations, hourly precipitation data, or maximum\nshort duration precipitation data are listed.\n64","CD-ROM PRODUCTS\nNCDC produces a suite of CD-ROM's with diverse environmental data ranging from global tropical\ncyclone tracks, worldwide climatologies, and hourly surface data. More details concerning these\nCD's, including an on-line ordering system (with discounted prices vs those below), are accessible\nvia tp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateproducts.html\nInternational Station Meteorological Climate Summary (ISMCS) Vers 4.0. Provides detailed\nclimatological summaries for 2600 locations worldwide. These locations include National Weather\nService stations, domestic and overseas Navy and Air Force sites, and numerous foreign stations.\nLimited summaries are also given for approximately 4000 additional worldwide sites. This version\nalso contains year/month and long term mean precipitation data for 1000 foreign locations. Tabular\nor statistical data can be exported to a printer or spreadsheet. Joint NCDC, USAF and U.S. Navy\nproduct. $175.00.\nNational Climate Information Disc - Vol 1. Provides monthly sequential temperature,\nprecipitation, and drought data for the 344 climate divisions in the contiguous U.S. The data can be\nviewed in a tabular or graphical format and output sent to a printer. The CD-ROM covers the period\n1895-1989 and contains 1032 time-series graphs, 4180 maps, and 5400 frames of video animation.\nNCDC product. $175.00.\nU.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas of the World - Vers 1.1. Includes analysis and display software\nfor climatological averages of atmospheric and oceanographic data. The data are summarized with\nuser-defined 1 and 5 degree grid areas covering the global marine environment. The summaries are\nproduced using predominately ship data collected between 1854-1969. The major elements include\nair and sea temperature, dewpoint temperature, scalar wind speed, sea-level pressure, wave height,\nwind and ocean-current roses. This CD-ROM allows the user to define element intervals (e.g. 5 to\n10 knots, 2 degree temperature intervals). The CD-ROM also allows contouring for explicitly\nuser-defined regions and exporting data to a printer or diskette. Narratives for Mediterranean ports\nand ocean basin climatology narratives are included. Requires 540K of RAM. U.S. Navy sponsored\nproduct. $175.00.\nGlobal Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA). This two-volume CD-ROM set uses 12-year\n(1980-1991) 2.5 degree gridded upper air climatic summaries derived from the European Centre for\nMedium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model analyses. The CD-ROM presents upper air\n65","statistics for 15 different vertical levels in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere for dry bulb and\ndewpoint temperature, geopotential height, air density, and vector and scalar wind speed. The\nCD-ROM provides access/display software for gridpoint data, contouring capability for user-defined\nareas, and vertical profiles. The climatology covers the 12-year period as well as individual\nyear-months. Joint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. $350.00.\nGlobal Upper Air Statistics (GUAS). This single-volume CD-ROM set uses 17-year (1980-1996)\n2.5 degree gridded upper air climatic summaries derived from the European Centre for Medium\nRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model analyses--similar to that used for GUACA above. It\npresents upper air statistics for 15 different vertical levels in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere\nfor dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, geopotential height, air density, and vector and scalar wind\nspeed. The CD-ROM provides the data as easy-to-use ASCII files without access/display software,\nand covers the 17-year period summarized for each month. Joint NCDC and U.S. Navy product.\n$100.00.\nCLIVUE CD-ROM. The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) developed a CD-ROM in support\nof a museum exhibit which traveled across the U.S. The CD contains a 1,500-station subset of\nNCDC's nearly 8,000 U.S. daily cooperative stations. The user selects a date and area of the U.S.\nand the CD-ROM database is queried for stations within the specified domain having data. Then, the\nsystem displays daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, and snowfall for the site.\nGraphs showing 7 years, 21 years, and the full period of record (varies by station) for the station(s)\nare available. Visual displays allow users to view trends, variability, and extremes. Joint NCDC and\nFranklin Institute product. $175.00.\nSAMSON CD-ROM Set. The Solar and Meteorological Surface Observational Network\n(SAMSON) 3-volume CD-ROM set is divided geographically into regions: eastern, central, and\nwestern U.S. It contains hourly solar radiation data along with selected meteorological elements for\nthe period 1961-1990. It encompasses 237 NWS stations in the United States, plus offices in Guam\nand Puerto Rico. The dataset includes both observational and modeled data. The hourly solar\nelements are: Extraterrestrial horizontal and extraterrestrial direct normal radiation; global, diffuse,\nand direct normal radiation. Meteorological elements are: Total and opaque sky cover, temperature\nand dew point, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, ceiling height, present\nweather, precipitable water, aerosol optical depth, snow depth, days since last snowfall, and hourly\nprecipitation. Joint NCDC and NREL product. $175.00 per region or $525.00 per set.\nRadiosonde Data of North America 1946-1995. Contains all available radiosonde data for North\nAmerica (U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Caribbean Islands) through the 100-mb level on four disks.\nPeriods covered are: 1946-1965, 1966-1979, 1980-1989, and 1990-1996. Data include significant,\nmandatory, and special wind levels for all observation times, and include geopotential height,\ntemperature, dew point, wind direction, and scalar speed. The user can select for output to printer,\nscreen, or file: a single station or multiple stations for a defined time period, or all stations within a\nspecified geographic region in either synoptic or station sort. The CD contains available station\nmetadata, and software is available to access the data for DOS, UNIX and VMS computer systems.\nJoint NCDC and ERL product. $700.00, four volume set. The latest single CD-ROM (1990-\n66","1996) is available separately for $175.00.\nGlobal Tropical and Extratropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas (GTECCA) 2.0. This single volume\nCD-ROM contains all global historic tropical storm track data available for five tropical storm basins.\nPeriods of record vary for each basin, with the beginning as early as the 1870s and with 1996 as the\nlatest year. Northern hemispheric extratropical storm track data are included from 1965 to 1996.\nTropical track data includes time, position, storm stage (and maximum wind, central pressure when\navailable). The user has the capability to display tracks, and track data for any basin or user-selected\ngeographic area. The user is also able to select storm tracks passing within a user-defined radius of\nany point. Narratives for all tropical storms for the 1980-1996 period are included along with\nbasin-wide tropical storm climatological statistics. Joint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. Requires\n520K of RAM memory. $175.00.\nGlobal Daily Summary (GDS). This CD-ROM provides access to a 10,000-station set of daily\nmaximum/minimum temperature, daily precipitation, and 3-hourly present weather for the 1977-1991\nperiod of record. Data can be selected for viewing or output to file for geographic areas or by a\npredefined user-selected list of stations. The dataset includes element flags for suspected erroneous\ndata. A data inventory contains station name, latitude/longitude, elevation, period of record, and the\nnumber of observations of available data. Requires a bare minimum of 4MB of RAM, with 8MB of\nRAM recommended. $175.00.\nGlobal Historical Fields (GHF) - Vers 1.0. This version has no data for the Southern Hemisphere.\nThis CD-ROM allows users to view daily surface charts for the period 1899 through April 1994.\nDaily upper air charts (700mb, 500mb, 300mb) are available from the late 1940's through April 1994.\nSurface charts contour sea level pressure only (not station plots); upper air charts contour\ngeopotential heights and temperatures. Charts can be contoured, looped, and exported to a file or\nprinter. Joint NCDC and U.S. Navy product. $175.00.\nU.S. Divisional and Station Climatic Data and Normals (USDS) Vol 1.0. This NCDC CD-ROM\ncontains a collection of ASCII text data and documentation files that pertain to the U.S. climate\nnormals and by-products of the normals. Climatic variables include temperature, precipitation,\ndegree days, and Palmer Drought Indices. The current normals period of 1961-1990 is covered with\nmonthly values calculated for approximately 6600 precipitation and 4700 temperature stations. The\nearlier data/normals are provided for comparison and research applications. This CD-ROM contains\nno software or extraction routines that allow users to import the data directly into spreadsheets or\nother applications. Format and description of the files match NCDC magnetic tape series TD-9640\nand TD-9641. $100.00.\nNCDC Cooperative Station Data. This NCDC 21 volume CD-ROM set has TD-3200 cooperative\nstation data. Major elements include daily high and low temperatures, daily rainfall, daily snowfall\nand snow depth, and evaporation. General period of record is 1948-1993 (1994-1996 on separate\nCD), but longer for selected stations. There are approximately 8000 active stations in the dataset.\nHistorically, approximately 23,000 stations are included for various years. States are grouped\ngeographically into volume numbers. The set contains inventories, station histories, and ASCII data\n67","files. Joint NCDC and ARL project. An extraction program is provided on diskette. $100.00\nvolume or $1300.00 set. A 1994-1996 single volume CD-ROM is available for $100.00.\nHourly Modeled Sounding Data. This 12 volume CD-ROM set contains hourly 80 KM modeled\ngridpoint U.S. sounding data for 1990. This data is the output from the Penn State University MM4\nmodel which used available daily sounding data for 1990 as input. Wind, temperature, dewpoint\ndepression, and geopotential height data for 8 standard and 15 variable levels are included in the\nNWS TTAA, TTBB format. One of the applications of this CD-ROM is to access air pollution\nimpacts on a local scale. Joint NCDC and ARL product. Requires 544K of RAM. Sold only as a\nset. $600.00, 12 volume set.\nCoastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) Station and Buoy Reports and Summarized\nElements (SeaBreeze). This two volume CD-ROM set contains climatic summaries and archived\nobservations measured by National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) moored buoys and C-MAN stations\nfor 197 sites. The period of record generally covers a 3-20 year period depending on the station and\nends with December 1993. The two volume set consists of archived observations and climatic\nsummary tables. All measurements are included except for spectral wave data and subsurface\nmeasurements. A map shows station locations and data inventories show measurements and time\nperiods for each station. The following elements are summarized: monthly frequency distributions of\nwind speed, wind gust, sea level pressure, air and sea temperature, air-sea temperature difference,\ndew point (where available), significant wave height, average and dominant wave period. Additional\ntables include: wind speed versus direction, significant wave height versus dominant and average\nwave periods, significant wave height versus wind speed. The individual monthly means and\nextremes for all measurements are included. Stations with less than 3 years of data will only have\nindividual monthly means and extremes summarized. Joint NCDC and NDBC product. Requires\n420K of RAM memory. This item is sold only as a set. $350.00.\nNOAA Weather Charts-CD-ROM Subscription. The series is available as a subscription (one\nyear basis only) or as individual CD's, and contains weather charts most commonly used by\nresearchers and the general public. They are archived as PCX files on a monthly basis and serve as a\ncontinuation of NCDC's microfilm archive. The series includes monthly CD-ROM editions of: A)\nSurface and Upper Air Weather Charts; B) Initial Analysis and Forecast Charts; and C) Tropical\nStrip /Precipitation and Observed Weather Charts. The CD-ROMs are available approximately eight\nweeks after the close of the data month. Subscription orders begin with the current processed\nmonth. Contact NCDC's Climate Services Branch at 704-271-4800, 4876 FAX, or\norders@ncdc.noaa.gov for additional chart details, hardware and software requirements, and\nordering information. $300.00 per year per chart series (A, B, or C), or at a reduced price of\n$600.00 per year for the entire set. Back issues (begin Oct 94) of the CD-ROMs cost $100.00\nper CD-ROM.\nPolar Ice CD-ROM. The Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Data CD-ROM Version 1.0, contains\nweekly ice data in the International Sea Ice in the Digital Form (SIGRID) format for 1972-1994 for\nthe Arctic and 1973-1994 for the Antarctic. This .25 degree grid structure includes total ice\nconcentration, thickness stage, and form of ice for the complete period of record. The SIGRID\n68","format was designed to meet the sea ice requirements of large-scale climate and statistical studies.\nThe CD-ROM contains no display or extraction routines. The SIGRID reference file provides\ndetailed information concerning the coding system for digitizing sea ice chart data. Joint NCDC,\nU.S. Navy, National Ice Center product. $100.00.\nHUSWO CD-ROM. The Hourly U. S. Weather Observations (HUSWO) CD-ROM contains\n1990-95 hourly weather data for 262 NWS locations. It has a map interface and station list for data\nselection, or you can copy the data files direct from the CD (without using the interface). The\nelements included are: Total and opaque sky cover, temperature and dew point, relative humidity,\nstation pressure, wind direction and speed, visibility, ceiling height, present weather, ASOS cloud\nlayer data, snow depth, and hourly precipitation. Joint NCDC and EPA product. $175.00.\nImportant Notes\nMany NCDC CD-ROM products were produced for use in a 'DOS' PC environment and will\nnot work in an Apple 'MAC' environment. In addition, the majority of NCDC CD-ROMs\nwere produced in a pre-Windows 95 environment and may not work without configuration\nchanges or rebooting in DOS mode. NCDC will provide a help sheet for Windows 95 users,\nif requested.\nSome of the CD-ROMs present the data in an atlas type format (interactive software) rather\nthan as ASCII data files.\nIf you have technical questions, please call 704-271-4702.\nOrdering Information\nThe NCDC's Climate Services Branch is responsible for distribution of NCDC CD-ROM products\nto users (see below). Domestic customers add a $11.00 service charge per order; foreign users add\na\n$31.00 service charge per order.\nMailing Address:\nNational Climatic Data Center\n151 Patton Avenue\nAsheville, NC 28801-5001\nAttn: Climate Services Branch\nTelephone: 704-271-4800\nFax: 704-271-4876\nInternet: orders@ncdc.noaa.gov\n69","SPECIALIZED PRODUCTS\nGeneral Information\nThese Specialized Products can be provided on diskette or as paper copy (unless otherwise\nindicated). Please call 704-271-4800 or email \"orders@ncdc.noaa.gov\" for further details. There\nare charges involved for these services.\nWind Stratified Conditional Climatology (WSCC): This summary provides bivariate\ndistributions of ceiling and visibility classes vs wind direction as a function of the passage of time out\nto 48 hours. In other words, for a given set of conditions at hour '00', the WSCC shows the climatic\nprobabilities for various conditions during the next 48 hours. The climatic probabilities are calculated\nfrom the surface hourly data for the station, and can be produced for any station (U.S. or foreign)\nwith adequate observational data.\nCooperative Station Extremes Tabulation: This tabulation shows daily and monthly extremes for\nthe entire period of record (generally 1948 to present) for U.S. cooperative and National Weather\nService sites. There are currently over 8000 of these stations active. The elements included are\nmaximum/minimum temperature, precipitation, and snowfall.\nWind Rose Summary: This summary provides a statistical summary of wind speed VS wind\ndirection for any station (U.S. or foreign) reporting adequate observational data. Data are tabulated\nin incremental 'bins' such as 0-3 miles per hour, 4-7 miles per hour, etc.\nMixing Height Summary: This summary provides a day by day estimate of the mixing height for\nthe boundary layer by using surface and upper air observational data. It's often used for pollution\nand air dispersion models.\nStability Array: This provides month by month averages of surface-based stability in Pasquill\nstability categories. Hourly or synoptic surface observations are used as input.\nSummary of Meteorological Observations--Surface (SMOS): This is the same summary\npresented in NCDC's ISMCS CDROM, and can be produced for any U.S. or foreign station with\nadequate synoptic and/or hourly data. It provides 38 detailed climatic tables, such as:\n- A one-page climate summary for the station with monthly averages and extremes of\ntemperature, precipitation (amount and/or frequency), cloudiness, humidity, winds, and\n70","occurrence of various weather phenomenon (e.g., fog, thunderstorms).\n- Frequency distribution of daily maximum and minimum temperatures by month.\n- Bivariate distribution of dry vs wet bulb temperatures.\n- Frequency distribution of wind direction VS wind speed by month-hour.\nLocal Climatological Data (LCD) For National Weather Service (NWS) Stations: This is\nsimilar to the LCD publication, but provided on diskette for quick access. January 1984 through the\nlatest processed month are available as individual element files for each month (max/min\ntemperatures, precipitation, and heating/cooling degree days).\nComparative Climatic Data: This product contains climatological normals and averages for 270\nNWS offices, in ASCII data files.\nHurricane Summaries on Diskette: A related product is the GTECCA CDROM (see CDROM\nsection for details). These statistical and narrative summaries of hurricanes cover the northern\nAtlantic, eastern Pacific, and western Pacific as follows:\nNorth Atlantic - 1886 through latest year available\nEast Pacific - 1949 through latest year available\nWest Pacific - 1946 through latest year available\nSummary of Day Data for U.S. and Foreign Sites: This historical summary of day data can be\nproduced from any station reporting synoptic and/or hourly observational data. The format is the\nsame as the on-line global summary of day data. It includes the following elements for each day\navailable:\nMean temperature\nMean dew point\nMean sea level pressure\nMean station pressure\nMean visibility\nMean wind speed\nMaximum sustained wind speed\nMaximum wind gust\nMaximum temperature\nMinimum temperature\nPrecipitation amount\nSnow depth\nIndicators for occurrence of: Fog, Rain, Snow, Hail, Thunder, Tornado/Funnel Cloud\n71","DIGITAL DATASETS\nGeneral Information\n1. See glossary of acronyms at end of Guide for details on terms used below.\n2. The periods of record for these datasets vary considerably depending on data type and station\n(if applicable).\n3. All reference to QC pertains strictly to data checking and corrections performed within the\nFederal Climate Complex by NCDC and/or AWS. Other gross QC is usually performed at the\npoint of origin such as NCEP and AFGWC.\n4. The media available are: Magnetic tape (1600 or 6250 BPI), IBM 3480 cartridge tape,\ndiskette (3.5 or 5.25 inch), and Exabyte 8 mm tape. These options vary depending on database.\n5. Cost to customer varies depending on data volume and the processing required for order.\n6. This is only a summary of the major digital datasets available from NCDC. Other\ndatasets/data types (in addition to those listed below) are available. Contact NCDC's Climate\nServices Branch for further information.\n7. NCDC's WWW Homepage has numerous datasets and data inventories on-line at\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov. NCDC makes frequent updates to this system; users are encouraged\nto review the Homepage periodically to see what's available.\n8. Points of contact for information, cost estimates, and data requests:\nNational Climatic Data Center\nClimate Services Branch\n151 Patton Avenue\nAsheville, NC 28801\nTelephone: 704-271-4800\nFax: 704-271-4876\nInternet: orders@ncdc.noaa.gov\n72","DATABASE: Worldwide surface observations (hourly/synoptic). Includes 2\ndatasets - TD3280 and TD9950.\nTD3280--Navy and first order National Weather Service (NWS) stations.\nData Type : ASCII character data.\nQuality Control: Undergoes extensive automated and manual QC.\nData Origin: Mainly from ASOS-direct ingest, diskettes from the stations, and\nkeyed data for NWS stations; and from TD9950 (see below) for Navy stations.\nContent/Elements:\nAbout 380 stations currently active.\n-\nIncludes most surface elements observed in the U.S. (wind speed and\n-\ndirection, temperature, dew point, cloud data, sea level pressure, altimeter\nsetting, station pressure, present weather, and visibility). Wind gust,\nprecipitation amount, and snow depth are not included, but are placed in\nTD3210 (see below).\n\"Specials\" are not included and only synoptic hours (every 3rd hour) are\n-\nincluded for 1965-1981 (for most stations).\nPeriod of Record: 1948 to present.\nNote: Request database manual for further details.\nTD9950--Air Weather Service's (AWS) DATSAV2 Surface--worldwide stations.\nData Type: ASCII character data.\nQuality Control: Extensive automated QC (all data); manual QC for USAF\nstations.\nData Origin: Mainly from GTS, various other sources, and keyed data prior to\n1973.\nContent/Elements:\n- About 10,000 stations currently active.\nIncludes all surface elements observed internationally (see TD3280)\n-\nalong with wind gust, precipitation amount, snow depth, and other\nelements as reported by each station. Also includes \"Specials.\"\nObservational practices vary by country.\n-\nPeriod of Record: 1973 to present with some data from 1930 to present.\nNote: Request database manual for further details. NCDC can produce\nsummary of day data (1 record per day) from this dataset--18 elements summarized\nas available.\n73","DATABASE: Worldwide ship and buoy observations (hourly/synoptic). Includes 2\ndatasets - TD1129 and TD1171.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated + some manual QC.\nData Origin - Data originate from GTS + some key entered data.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes elements observed by ships and buoys--temperature and dew point,\n-\nwind direction and speed, visibility, present weather, sea level pressure, sea surface\ntemperature, cloud data, ice data, and wave/swell heights and periods.\nGenerally, buoys only observe temperature, wind, pressure, sea surface\ntemperature, and wave/swell data; while some ship reports include other elements.\nElements vary considerably by station.\nPeriod of Record - As early as 1800's to present.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\n- Occasionally, if needed observations are not found in TD1129 or TD1171, we\nuse TD9950 as a source.\nDATABASE: Worldwide upper-air observations--TDF63 (multiple tapedecks).\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes some automated QC.\nData Origin - TD6301 originates mostly from diskettes sent from the stations (U.S. +\nsome Mexican), while other tapedecks originate from various sources such as GTS.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes all elements observed in upper air soundings--generally temperature,\ndew point, wind direction and speed, and height of each pressure level.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1946 to present.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\n- Also have North American data for 1946-1996 on 4-volume CDROM set.\n74","DATABASE - Cooperative station summary of day data for the U.S.--TD3200.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - All data are key entered.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes summary of day parameters such as maximum/minimum temperatures,\n-\nprecipitation, and snowfall/snow depth. Some stations have additional data such as\nevaporation and soil temperature.\n- About 8000 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1948 to present (some late 1800's to present).\nNotes- Request database manual for further details.\nDATABASE: Summary of day data for National Weather Service (U.S.) and\nDepartment of Defense (U.S. and foreign) sites. Includes 2 datasets--TD3210 and TD9953\n(AWS's TDF34).\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Both datasets are QC'ed (automated + manual).\nData Origin - Various sources including ASOS, diskettes from stations, and key-entry.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes maximum/minimum temperatures, precipitation, snow depth, peak wind\n-\ngust, sunshine, days with various weather phenomenon, and several other elements\nfor selected stations.\n- About 600 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1940's to present with some data as old as the late 1800's.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\n75","DATABASE: Monthly summary data for NWS and cooperative U.S. stations--TD3220.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated and manual quality control.\nData Origin - Monthly summaries built from NWS and cooperative daily data as described\nabove.\nContent/Elements\nIncludes temperature (mean minimum, mean maximum, overall mean, extreme\n-\nminimum, extreme maximum), precipitation amount, and for selected stations--\nsnowfall, evaporation data, and soil temperature data.\n- About 8000 stations currently active.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1948 to present (some late 1800's to present)\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\nDATABASE: Hourly solar radiation and meteorological data for the U.S., Guam, and\nPuerto Rico--TD3282.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control- Underwent extensive QC of data.\nData Origin - Originated from 3 sources--NWS hourly surface data, NWS summary of day\ndata, and NREL solar radiation data.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes 5 solar radiation elements + 15 meteorological elements with both\nobservational and modeled data.\n- 239 stations.\nPeriod of Record - 1961 to 1990.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\n- Data are also available on 3-volume CDROM set.\n76","DATABASE: Worldwide gridded upper-air analysis (multiple pressure levels).\nIncludes 2 datasets:\nTD6140 (NGM and MRF data)--\nData Type - Binary data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from NCEP's model output.\nContent/Elements\nNGM: Covers U.S., southern Canada, and nearby coastal waters. 180 km by\n-\n180 km polar stereographic grid. Includes temperature, specific humidity, vertical\nvelocity, and u/v wind components from about 980 mb to 434 mb + 11 variables for\nthe surface. 12 analysis hours/day.\nMRF: Worldwide coverage. 2.5 degree by 2.5 degree grid. Includes\n-\ntemperature, relative humidity, vertical velocity, geopotential, and u/v wind\ncomponents from 1000 mb to 50 mb + 3 variables for the surface. 4 analysis\nhours/day.\nPeriod of Record - 1991 to present.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\nAWS's HIRAS--\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - No quality control performed.\nData Origin - Data originate from AFGWC's model output.\nContent/Elements\n- Worldwide coverage.\n- 4 analysis hours/day.\n- On 2.5 degree by 2.5 degree grid.\n- Includes temperature, dew point depression, specific humidity, precipitable water,\nvorticity, relative humidity, u/v wind components, D-value, and tropopause data\nfrom the surface to 10 mb.\nPeriod of Record - 1985 to present.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\n77","DATABASE: Worldwide gridded cloud analysis--TD9951 (AWS's RTNEPH).\nData Type - Binary data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated QC of data.\nData Origin - Data originate from AFGWC's model output.\nContent/Elements\n8 analysis hours/day.\n-\n- On polar stereographic grid (eighth-mesh-roughly 40 km by 40 km resolution).\n- Includes cloud layer data (base, top, type, and amount) and total cloud amount\nfrom surface reports and satellite data, along with present weather and visibility from\nsurface reports.\nPeriod of Record - 1984 to present.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\nDATABASE: Global aircraft reports--TD6380.\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Undergoes automated QC.\nData Origin - Data originate from PIREPS, AIREPS, ASDAR, and ACARS reports.\nContent/Elements\n- Includes pressure altitude, temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind\ndirection and speed, clouds, and turbulence.\nPeriod of Record - Generally 1973 to present.\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\n78","DATABASE: Remote-sensing data. Satellite (worldwide), wind profiler\n(central U.S.), NEXRAD radar data (U.S. sites). See separate sections\nfor additional details.\nData Type - All are binary data.\nQuality Control - Little or no QC performed on these data.\nData Origin - Data originate from the sensor (satellite, profiler, radar).\nContent/Elements\nSatellite data are available in several datasets from NCDC's Satellite Services\n-\nGroup.\n- Profiler data are available from 1991 to present. (Selected data are on-line and\ncan be copied via FTP transfer.)\n- NEXRAD data are available as level II and level III.\nPeriod of Record - Varies depending on the dataset and station.\nNotes - Request database documentation for further details.\nDATABASE: Worldwide gridded snow depth climatology--TD9954 (produced by AWS).\nData Type - ASCII character data.\nQuality Control - Underwent extensive automated and manual QC.\nData Origin - Utilized many sources of information to produce the climatology.\nContent/Elements\nClimatic averages of snow depth by month on polar stereographic grid\n-\n(eighth-mesh-roughly 40 km by 40 km resolution).\nNotes - Request database manual for further details.\n79","NEXRAD DATA\nNEXRAD LEVEL II (DIGITAL BASE DATA)\nLevel II data are digital base data output from the Radar Data Acquisition's (RDA's) signal\nprocessor in polar format containing status messages, performance/maintenance data, volume scan\nstrategy, clutter filter bypass map, and wideband communication console messages. The\nmeteorological elements included are base reflectivity, base velocity, and base spectrum width.\nInitially, Level II recorders were placed at selected sites for use when significant weather events\nwere taking place. As the system developed, it became apparent that Level II data would be\nimportant in properly calibrating the radars, in research applications, and to test revised algorithms.\nCurrent plans call for level II recorders to be placed at all WSR-88D sites.\nExabyte tape drives and 8mm tapes are used as recording devices and media. Each tape can hold\napproximately 4.7 gigabytes of data and, depending on operational mode of the model and recorder\nmodel used, one tape may be filled about every 1.8 days for each site. These tapes are received at\nthe National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) from individual sites and are processed on a series of\n8505 Exabyte drives, reblocked, cataloged, inventoried, and archived.\nThe WSR-88D is a very complex system. Program modifications and engineering changes are\ncommon. Early models experienced difficulties in the recording of Level II data and even today\ntapes are received that contain spurious, erroneous, or illegal configurations. The user is cautioned\nthat these anomalies may be encountered while reading the archived tapes, and in some cases, data\ngaps are evident.\nPersonnel at the NCDC will be glad to assist in solving problems encountered in reading the tapes;\nhowever, technical questions about the data themselves must be addressed to the:\nNWS/Operational Support Facility\nApplications Branch\n1200 Westheimer Drive\nNorman, OK 73069\nTelephone: (405) 366-6530\nFax: (405) 366-6550\nThe NCDC also distributes the software, including source codes, to display the WSR-88D Level II\ndata. Reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width are displayed while the level II tape is being read\nand written to disk, or images can be displayed after the data have been written to disk. The WSR-\n88D Visualization Software (WVS) runs on SUN, IBM, HP, and SGI unix-based workstations. A\ncopy of WVS may be obtained either by mail on 8mm tape or through ftp.\n80","Also, NEXRAD inventories and national composites of reflectivity (precipitation) are available via\nthe World Wide Web (WWW): http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov -- click on Radar Resources.\nNEXRAD LEVEL III (PRODUCTS)\nThere are a total of 24 Level III products routinely available from the National Climatic Data\nCenter (NCDC) which include 7 graphic products in clear air mode, 11 graphic products in\nprecipitation mode, 5 graphic overlays and 1 alphanumeric product. Products are stored on Write\nOnce Read Many (WORM) optical disks that are sent to the NCDC by National Weather Service\nNexrad sites for archive and distribution to customers. Each product will include state, county, and\ncity background maps. Level III graphic products are available only as color hard copy, gray scale\nhard copy or acetate overlay copies. The following is a list of the Nexrad Level III products\navailable from NCDC:\nBase Reflectivity (R) - A display of echo intensity measured in dBZ.\nBase Spectrum Width (SW) - A measure of velocity dispersion within the radar sample volume.\nBase Velocity (V) - A measure of the radial component of the wind either toward the radar\n(negative values) or away from the radar (positive values).\nComposite Reflectivity (CR) - A display of maximum reflectivity for the total volume within the\nrange of the radar.\nEcho Tops (ET) - An image of the echo top heights color coded in user-defined increments.\nHail Index Overlay (HI) - A product designed to locate storms which have the potential to\nproduce hail.\nMesocyclone Overlay (M) - This product is designed to display information regarding the\nexistence and nature of rotations associated with thunderstorms.\nOne-hour Precipitation (OHP) - A map of estimated one hour precipitation accumulation on a\n1.1 X 1.1 nm grid.\nSevere Weather Probability Overlay (SWP) - A measure of a storms relative severity as\ncompared with those storms around it.\nStorm Structure (SS) (Alphanumeric product) - A table displaying information on storm attributes\nwhich include maximum reflectivity, maximum velocity at lowest elevation angle, storm overhang,\nmass weighted storm volume, storm area base and top, storm position and storm tilt.\nStorm Total Precipitation (STP) - A map of estimated storm total precipitation accumulation\ncontinuously updated since the last one-hour break over the entire scope.\nStorm Tracking Information Overlay (STI) - A product which shows a plot of the past hours\n81","movement, current location, and forecast movement for the next hour or less for each identified\nthunderstorm cell.\nTornadic Vortex Signature Overlay (TVS) - A product which shows an intense gate to gate\nazimuthal shear associated with tornadic-scale rotation.\nVAD Wind Profile (VWP) - A graphic display of wind barbs plotted on a height staff of 500 ft or\n1000 ft increments.\nVertically Integrated Liquid (VIL) - The water content of a 2.2x2.2 nm column of air which is\ncolor coded and plotted on a 124 nm map.\n82","SATELLITE DATA, PRODUCTS, and SERVICES\nNational\nDMSP\nClimatic\nNOAA\nData\nPOES\nCenter\nSatellite\nGOES\nData\nProducts &\nServices\nSatellite data and derived products from NOAA's satellite systems are available through the\nNational Climatic Data Center. The two primary systems are the Geostationary Operational\nEnvironmental Satellite (GOES), which started in 1975, and the Polar Orbiting Environmental\nSatellite (POES), which began as the TIROS series in 1960. The NCDC also archives SSM/I,\nSSM/T1 and SSM/T2 data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites.\nFor a complete listing of satellite data, products and services, please visit the new Satellite Data,\nProducts, and Services Web site at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/psguide/satellite/sathome.html\nAbout NOAA's Satellites\nNOAA's newest series of GOES satellites are three-axis body stabilized and equipped with a\nseparate Imager and Sounder, replacing the old VAS (VISSR Atmospheric Sounder) instrument.\nCurrently, there are two operational GOES satellites, GOES-8 and GOES-9, launched April 1994\nand May 1995, respectively. Both are in Earth-synchronous orbits with GOES-8 positioned over\nthe equator at 75 W longitude and GOES-9 positioned over the equator at 135 West longitude.\nThe Imager instrument consists of five channels ranging from the visible to the longwave infrared\nchannel. The visible channel has a resolution of 1km while most of the infrared channels have a\nresolution of 4km at nadir. The Sounder, carrying 18 thermal infrared channels, is capable of\nmaking over 50,000 soundings per hour, which is particularly useful over data sparse regions of the\nWestern Hemisphere. Each of the GOES satellites scans predetermined areas of the earth from the\nmid Pacific region to the eastern Atlantic region. During routine mode, observations are taken over\nthe United States four times every hour, but when severe weather threatens, the GOES Imager is\ncapable of one minute interval observations over a smaller area. A variety of products from the\nSounder and Imager are created operationally to improve near real-time and long range forecasts.\n83","The POES satellite system offers the advantage of daily global coverage, by making nearly polar\norbits roughly 14.1 times daily. Since the number of orbits per day is not an integer, the sub-orbital\ntracks do not repeat on a daily basis, although the local solar time of each satellite's passage is\nessentially unchanged for any latitude. Currently in orbit are NOAA-12 and NOAA-14; thus, there\nis global coverage four times daily. The satellite system includes the AVHRR (Advanced Very High\nResolution Radiometer) and the TOVS (Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder). The AVHRR is\nequipped with five spectral channels in wavelengths similar to the GOES Imager. The TOVS\ncarries three types of sensors: Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU), Stratospheric Sounding Unit\n(SSU), and High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/2 (HIRS/2). Operational products such as\nthe Global Vegetation Index, Sea Surface Temperatures, Total Stratospheric Ozone, and TOVS\nSoundings are created and archived at NCDC.\nSatellite Active Archive (SAA)\nNOAA's Satellite Active Archive (SAA) provides direct access to satellite data. It is a gateway to\nNOAA's digital library of real-time and historical satellite data collected by NOAA's Polar Orbiting\nEnvironmental Satellites (POES). The system allows users to search inventories of satellite data,\npreview representative Earth images of that data, and download the data for further processing and\nanalyses.\nUsers can access POES data from January 1995 to the present and TOVS data from July 1995 to\nthe present using a Web Browser. DMSP SSM/T1, SSM/T2, Level 1b, and SSM/I (TDR, SDR,\nEDR) data are available from February 1997 to present. The WWW address is:\nhttp://www.saa.noaa.gov\nOnce the data requirements have been determined, an order may be placed electronically for ftp or\ncopy to tape format. Up to thirty-two datasets with no more than 10 MB of data each can be ftp'ed\nto your site per session at no cost! For datasets larger than 10 MB, the order system will\nautomatically set the order to tape output for a fee of $50.00 for the first dataset and $30.00 for\nsubsequent datasets. The user must contact the NCDC to establish an open account for SAA, prior\nto placing tape orders. For one-time orders, contact the Satellite Services Group and provide the\nSAA entity IDs along with a means of payment.\n84","Digital Satellite Data and Products\nPolar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES):\nLEVEL 1b DATASETS:\nAVHRR GAC, LAC, and HRPT\n10/78 - Present\nTOVS MSU, SSU, HIRS/2\n10/78 - Present\nPRODUCTS:\nTOVS Sounding Product\n01/01/79 - Present\nVegetation Index/AVHRR (3rd Generation)\n04/01/85 - Present\nPlate Carree Projection only!! 16km gridded\nWeekly Composite (B-level)\nMonthly Product (C-level)\nClimatology (D-level)\nHeat Budget Data--\nMonthly Mean\n01/01/79 - Present\nSeasonal\n06/01/74 - Present\nMapped GAC Imagery--\nPolar Stereographic\n12/22/78 - Present\nMercator\n06/24/85 - Present\nSea Surface Temperature Data--\n7 - 8 Day Observation File/AVHRR\n12/01/78 - Present\n250 km Monthly Mean Data from AVHRR\n01/31/79 - Present\n100 km Analysis (Global Scale) from AVHRR\n12/01/72 - Present\n50 km (Regional Scale) and 500 km\n03/01/74 - Present\n14 km Analysis (Local-Scale) from AVHRR 01/01/86 - Present\nGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES):\nGVAS & GVAR DATA:\nFull Disk and Sectors\n03/01/75 - Present\nPRODUCTS:\nSounding Products\n02/01/95 - Present\nCloud and Moisture Drift Winds\n02/01/95 - Present\nDefense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP):\nLEVEL 1b DATASETS:\n85","Special Sensor Microwave/\nTemperature(SSM/T\n08/18/87 - Present\nSpecial Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)\n08/18/87 - 06/06/96\nPRODUCTS:\nTemperature, Sensor, and Environmental\nData Records (TDR,SDR,EDR)\n07/16/87 - Present\nSSM/T Sounding Product\n01/01/89 - Present\nSSM/I Monthly Gridded Products--\n01/01/87 - 12/31/94\nPrecipitation\nSnow Cover/Sea ice\nTotal Precipitable Water\nCloud Liquid Water\nOceanic Surface Wind Speed\nRTNEPH Layered Cloud Amount,\nType, Base, Height\n01/01/84 - Present\n(Global analysis on 40km grid, every 3 hours)\nInternational Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP):\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from GOES\nVISSR/VAS\n07/01/83 - Present\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from GMS\n07/01/83 - Present\nB1 Radiance Data (10km) from METEOSAT\n07/01/83 - Present\nB2 Radiance Data (30km) from NOAA Polar\nOrbiters\n07/01/83 - Present\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from NOAA\nPolar Orbiters\n07/01/83 - 06/30/94\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from GOES\n07/01/83 - 06/30/94\nB3 Radiance Data (30km, 3hr) from\nMETEOSAT\n07/01/83 - 06/30/94\nB3 Radiance Calibration Tables (3hr for each\nsatellite)\n07/01/83 - 06/30/94\nC1 Global Cloud Data (3hr, 280km grid,\nsatellites merged)all\n07/01/83 - 06/30/91\nC2 Global Cloud Data (monthly, 280km grid,\nall satellites merged)\n07/01/83 - 06/30/91\nD1 Global Cloud Data (3hr, 280km grid)\n06/01/86 - 12/31/92\n(replaces C1 Data-will be processed back to\n1983, gap in yrs 1987-89)\nD2 Global Cloud Data (monthly, 280km grid)\n01/01/90 - 12/31/92\n(replaces C2 Data-will be processed back to\n1983, gap in yrs 1987-89)\n86","Aerosols:\nOptical Thickness (OT) Observations\n06/87 - Present\nOT Weekly Analyzed Fields\n06/87 - Present\nOT Monthly Analyzed Fields\n06/87 - Present\nNon-digital Satellite Products\nAVHRR Imagery:\nLocal Area Coverage (LAC)\n04/01/85 - Present\nHigh Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)\n04/01/85 - Present\nGlobal Area Coverage (GAC) by satellite pass\n10/30/78 - Present\nGOES Imagery:\nVisible and Infrared Hardcopy Imagery\n01/01/78 - Present\nSea Surface Temperature Charts:\n250km Global Monthly Mean Charts\n07/01/81 - Present\n50km Regional Charts (selected regions)\n04/01/76 - Present\n14km Local Charts (mainly U.S. coastal areas)\n01/01/86 - Present\nGulf Stream Anal. Charts-North/South Panels\n10/19/78 - 09/30/95\nAerosol Charts:\n100 km Weekly Contour\n10/19/78 - Present\nMonthly Mean\n10/19/78 - Present\nNOTE:\nPlease contact NCDC's Satellite Services Group (see below) for prices and availability of\nother satellite data. NCDC has documentation for many of the above mentioned datasets which are\nprovided at no charge. The ISCCP documentation and Polar Orbiter Data User's Guide are\navailable on the Internet. Go to NCDC's Satellite Data Products and Services Home Page and\nclick on Listing of Satellite Data and Products. The 'km' figures listed above (e.g., 10km) refer\nto the resolution of the instrument, such as 10 kilometer. The 'hr' values (e.g., 3hr) refer to the\nfrequency of the product, such as every 3 hours.\nSatellite Data Price and Order Guide\nThe National Climatic Data Center maintains an extensive archive of digital data, as well as\nnon-digital satellite data, including miscellaneous slides, prints, film, and VHS tapes of special\nevents too numerous to list. Please contact the Satellite Services Group for details and to confirm\nprices, ordering procedures, and print and digital formats.\n87","Digital Orders:\nMedia Type--\n- Round tapes (1600/6250bpi)\n- IBM 3480 cartridges\n- 8mm Exabyte tapes\n- 4mm DAT tapes\n- CD-ROM\nProcessing Fees--\n- $75.00 per dataset or input tape ($80.00 per GOES dataset)\n- $11.00 per tape or CD-ROM output\n- $11.00 service and handling per domestic order/$31.00 per foreign order\nFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) Services:\nGOES data in McIDAS area format--\n- $45.00 per scene (image)\nPOES-AVHRR, TOVS, and DMSP data--\n(Access via Satellite Active Archive)\n- Free for subsetted datasets\nDMSP SSM/I gridded datasets--\n- Free from NCDC's WWW homepage (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov)\nNOTE: FTP services are possible for many other satellite datasets at costs similar to other output\nformats.\nHard Copy AVHRR and GOES Images:\nCustom* 8\" X 10\" Prints/Transparencies\n- $85.00 per glossy finish\nReproduction Prints/Transparencies\n- $25.00 per glossy finish\nExtra copies\n- $5.00 each\n35mm slides\n- Add $25.00 to the above fees where appropriate\nNOTE: Please add $5.00 service & handling for orders less than $50 and $11.00 s/h for orders of\nat least $50. Custom images are created for customer defined areas, dates, times, and channels, and\ngenerally have special enhancements. These images are processed from the original data files (level\n1b from POES and GVAR from GOES) using McIDAS display and processing software. When\nordering, please specify satellite, geographic area, feature wanted shown, satellite channel (visible\nvs. infrared), resolution, map projection, date, and UTC time.\n88","Reproduction images are readily available and can be copied from NCDC's image library. The\nmajority of these images include special events such as hurricanes, blizzards, volcanic eruptions,\nforest fires, etc. Hundreds of these images are available as GIF files on NCDC's Web site. The\nWWW address is: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov -- click on Satellite Resources and follow directions\nfrom there.\nNCDC maintains an archive of miscellaneous slides, prints, film, and VHS tapes of non-special and\nspecial events taken by various satellites too numerous to list here. Please contact the Satellite\nServices Group at the NCDC for details:\nTelephone: 704-271-4850\nFacsimile: 704-271-4876\nE-mail: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov\n89","PUBLICATIONS\nFollowing is a brief summary of publications available from the National Climatic Data Center\n(NCDC). Unless otherwise noted, the summaries are for U.S. locations only. However, there are a\nnumber of worldwide summaries/publications. For publications listed as available from NTIS, the\nphone number is 703-487-4650. Otherwise, please contact NCDC for information on pricing and\navailability. Some publications are out of print and available on microfiche/microfilm only (*\nitems).\nNational Climatic Data Center\nClimate Services Branch\nFederal Building\nAsheville, NC 28801\nPhone: 704-271-4800\nFax: 704-271-4876\nInternet: orders@ncdc.noaa.gov\nHISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY SERIES\n1-1\nA Long Record of Weather Observations at Cooperstown, NY, 1854-1977\n1-2\nNinety-One Years of Weather Records at Yellowstone National\nPk., WY, 1887-1977\n1-3\nA Long Record of Weather Observations in Southeastern Iowa, 1839-1979\n2-1\nIndex of Historical Surface Weather Records, New York\nA History of Sunshine Data in the U.S., 1891-1980 *\n2-2\nInventory of Sources of Long Term Climatic Data\n2-3\n3-1\nAtlas of Mean Winter Temperature Departures From the Long-\nTerm Mean over the Contiguous U.S., 1895-1983\n3-2\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures, (Winter), 1895-1983\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Spring), 1895-1983\n3-3\n90","3-4\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Summer), 1895-1983\n3-5\nAtlas of Mo. & Sea. Temp Departures (Fall), 1895-1983\n3-6\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-7\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Hydrological Drought Indices\n(1931-1983) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-8\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Moisture Anomaly Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-9\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Moisture Anomaly Indices\n(1931-1984) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-10\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Drought Severity Indices\n(1895-1930) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-11\nAtlas of Monthly Palmer Drought Severity Indices\n(1931-1983) for the Contiguous U.S.\n3-12\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Winter\n3-13\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Spring\n3-14\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1985) for the Contiguous U.S. - Summer\n3-15\nAtlas of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation Departures from\nNormal (1895-1984) for the Contiguous U.S. - Fall\n3-16\nProbabilities and Precipitation Required to End/Ameliorate\nDroughts\n4-1\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Temperatures\nWeighted by Area, 1931-1991\n4-2\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Precipitation\nWeighted by Area, 1931-1991\n4-3\nRegional and National Monthly, Seasonal and Annual\nTemperature Weighted by Area, 1895-1983\n91","Time Series of Regional Seasonal Averages of Maximum,\n4-5\nMinimum, and Average Temperature, and Diurnal Temperature\nRange Across the United States, 1901-1987\nClimate Variations Bulletin (nationwide climate divisional\n4-7\ndata) - Preliminary report showing current monthly climate\nanomalies in a historical perspective using climate databases\narchived at NCDC. Back issues (monthly since 1989)\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal Heating\n5-1\nDegree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1992\n5-2\nState, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal\nCooling Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1991\nPercent of Normal, State, Regional, and National Monthly and\n5-3\nSeasonal Heating Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1983\nPercent of Normal, State, Regional, and National Monthly and\n5-4\nSeasonal Cooling Degree Days Weighted by Population, 1931-1982\nStatewide Average Climatic History (1983)\n6-1\nTropical Cyclones of the N. Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992 with annual updates\n6-2\nClimatic Averages and Extremes for U.S. Cities (274 cities)\n6-3\n6-4\nClimates of The World\n92","MARINE PUBLICATIONS\nClimatic Summaries for NDBC Data Buoys (1986) - Seasonal/Annual Persistence of Wind\nSpeed and Wave Height Events\nClimatic Summaries for NDBC Buoys and Stations Update 1 (1990) - Seasonal/Annual\nPersistence of Wind Speed and Wave Height Events\nMarine Climatological Summaries, 1961-70 (10 vols) - Approx- 50-75N, 50-170W\nSummary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations (SSMO): Most World Coastal Marine\nAreas, 1850-1979 (97 vols) Great Lake Areas, 1960-73 (4 vols)\nU. S. Navy Climatic Study of the Caribbean Sea & Gulf of Mexico:\nVolume 1, W. Caribbean Sea & Central American Waters\nVolume 2, E. Caribbean Sea\nVolume 3, Florida Coastal Waters & SW Atlantic\nVolume 4, Gulf of Mexico\nU. S. Navy Regional Climatic Studies:\nMediterranean Sea (1987)\nNorthern California Operating Area (1988)\nSouthern African Waters (1989)\nU.S. Atlantic Coast & Associated Waters (1989)\nMozambique and Adjacent Waters (1989)\nBarents Sea and Adjacent Waters (1991)\nSea of Okhotsk and Adjacent Waters (1991)\nGreenland, Iceland, UK, & Associated Waters (1992)\nPersian Gulf and Northern Arabian Sea (1992)\nRed Sea and Adjacent Waters (1993)\nGulf of Aden and Adjacent Waters (1993)\nNorth Sea, Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, Assoc Wtrs (1994)\nClimatic Studies of the Near Coastal Zone:\nEast Coast of the U.S. (1976)\nWest Coast of the U.S. (1976)\nPersian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (1980)\nMalacca and Sunda Straits (1982)\nRed Sea South & Gulf of Aden (1982)\nSouthern Calif. Operating Area (1984)\n93","Climatic Atlas of the Outer Continental Shelf Waters and Coastal Regions of Alaska:\nVol I, Gulf of Alaska (1988)\nVol II, Bering Sea (1988)\nVol III, Chukchi-Beaufort Sea (1988)\nVol I, Gulf of Alaska (1977)\nVol II, Bering Sea (1977)\nVol III, Chukchi-Beaufort Sea (1977)\nClimatic Summaries:\nMajor Seventh Fleet Ports and Waters (1973)\nMajor Indian Ocean Ports and Waters (1974)\nEnvironmental Guides:\nSeven U.S. Ports (1972)\nU.S. Gulf Coast (1972)\nMona Passage Area (1974)\nEnvironmental Scenarios:\nNortheast Atlantic (1973)\nNortheast Pacific (with errata) (1974)\nBermuda (1974)\nNorth Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1950-1980. *\nMariners Worldwide Climatic Guide to Tropical Storms at Sea - Narrative information and\ncharts showing storm tracks, frequency maps and tropical cyclone roses.\nU.S. Navy Hindcast Spectral Ocean Wave Model Climatic Atlas: Historical environmental\ndataset in the form of a wind and wave climatology. Data in the Atlas were produced by\napplying the Spectral Ocean Wave Model in hindcast mode to historical wind and pressure\nfields. Areas: North Atlantic Ocean - North Pacific Ocean - Mediterranean Sea.\nWind and Wave Summaries for Selected U.S. Coast Guard Operating Areas - Describes wind\nand wave conditions for the U.S. East Coast, Great Lakes and Eastern Pacific. Available from\nNTIS on microfiche only: Document No. AD-A130 647.\nAddendum to Wind and Wave Summaries for Selected U.S. Coast Guard Operating Areas -\nContains additional sites for the locations given in the first summary along with U.S. West\nCoast and Hawaiian locations. Also included is a section on coastal site wind statistics for the\nU.S. Coast.\nMariners Weather Log: January 1957 to present (published quarterly). Microfiche available\n1972 to present from NTIS.\n94","RAINFALL FREQUENCY ATLASES & EVENT STATISTICS\nTP-40: Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the U.S. - Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40 -\nPresents 49 U.S. rainfall frequency maps for selected durations from 30 minutes to 24 hours\nand return periods from 1 to 100 years.\nHYDRO-35: Five- to 60-Minute Precipitation Frequency for the Eastern and Central U.S.\n(Supersedes TP-40 above for the eastern 2/3 of the U.S. for durations of 1 hr. and less.) -\nPresents 6 U.S. rainfall frequency maps for durations of 5, 15 and 60 minutes at return periods\nof 2 and 100 years. Equations are given to derive 10- and 30-minute values between 2 and 100\nyears.\nNOAA Atlas 2: Precipitation Frequency Atlas of the Western U.S. (Supersedes TP-40 above\nfor the 11 western states) - Contains maps for the 6- and 24-hour durations for return periods\nof 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years.\nRainfall Event Statistics - Created for stormwater/wastewater discharge applications. Includes\nrainfall and evaporation data such as wet and dry day counts and storm frequencies, depths,\nand durations. Available for over 3,200 U.S. cities.\n95","MISCELLANEOUS SUMMARIES\nLocal Climatological Data - Monthly climatic data for National Weather Service locations. **\nClimatological Data - Monthly climatic data by state for over 8000 stations in the U.S. **\nHourly Precipitation Data - Monthly precipitation data for over 2500 U.S. stations. **\nStorm Data - Monthly summary of storms/related damage for the U.S. **\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World - Monthly climatic data for worldwide locations. **\nClimatic Atlas of the U.S., 1931-60 - Contoured maps of climatic averages for the U.S.\nClimatological Summaries, 1951-80 (No. 20) - Climatic summaries by city for the U.S.\nFreeze/Frost Data (No. 20 Sup. 1) - Freeze/frost statistics for over 3000 U.S. locations.\nClimates of the States (No. 60) - Climatic summaries by state.\nMonthly Normals, 1961-90 (No. 81):\nMonthly Station Normals-Temperature, Precip, & Heating/Cooling Degree Days, 1961-90.\nMonthly Precipitation Probabilities, 1961-90, No. 81 Sup. 1.\nAnnual Degree Days to Selected Bases, 1961-90, No. 81 Sup. 2.\nMaps of Annual 1961-90 Normal Temperature, Precipitation, & Degree Days, No. 81 Sup. 3.\nSummary of Hourly Observations, 1951-60 (No. 82) - Hourly observational summary by city.\nDaily Normals, 1961-90 (No. 84) - U.S. daily normals by city.\nDivisional Normals/Standard Deviations, 1931-90 (No. 85) - U.S. normals by climatic division\nfor: Temperature and Precipitation, Heating and Cooling Degree Days.\nClimatological Summary of States, 1951-60 (No. 86) - Statewide climatic summaries.\nAirport Climatological Summary, 1965-74 (No. 90) - Climatic summaries, U.S. airport locations.\nComparative Climatic Data, nationwide, 1996 edition - Climatological tables for U.S. cities. Also\navailable via NCDC's web site (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov) under Climate Resources.\n** Available by subscription.\n96","SOLAR RADIATION PUBLICATIONS\nMean Daily Solar Radiation, monthly and annual maps.\nAnnual Average Daily Global Solar Radiation on a South Facing Surface (1952-75).\nInput Data for Solar Systems (1941-70) - Contains:\nNormal max, min and mean temperatures.\nNormal heating and cooling degree days.\nMonthly mean daily total solar radiation.\nInsolation Data Manual (1952-75) - Contains statistics from \"Input Data for Solar Systems\" and a\nglobal cloudiness index.\nDirect Normal Solar Radiation Data Manual (1952-75) - Long term, monthly mean, daily totals\nfor 235 National Weather Service Stations.\nSolar Radiation Energy Resource Atlas of the U.S. (1952-75) - Contains maps of monthly and\nannual values of:\nGlobal average solar radiation.\nGlobal average direct normal solar radiation.\nGlobal average diffuse solar radiation.\nAvailable from NTIS. Microfiche presentations available from NCDC. Include monthly &\nannual data in microfiche or photocopy form for 237 stations (up to 3 fiche per station).\nSolar Radiation and Radiation Balance Data (The World Network) - Contains year-to-year\nmonthly and annual means of global solar radiation, radiation balance and sunshine duration for\nthe periods 1964-1968, 1969-1973, 1974-1979 and 1980-1984. Available for worldwide sites.\nSolar Radiation Data, Monthly Summary (1977-1980) - Monthly publication is out of print, but is\navailable on 101 microfiche.\nHourly Solar Radiation (unedited) (January 1981 - October 1985) - A continuation of the above\ndata but editing for quality control was suspended with the publication in December 1980).\nHourly Solar Radiation Data (edited) (January 1988 - Current) - Global and direct solar radiation\ndata are collected for the 31 station NOAA Solar Radiation Network.\nSelected Climatic Maps of the United States (1931-60) - Contains the following maps:\nMean daily Solar Radiation (January and July).\nMean total hours of sunshine (annual).\nMean percentage of possible sunshine (January, July, annual).\nMean percentage of possible sunshine (monthly and annual maps).\n97","WIND DATA PUBLICATIONS AND TABULATIONS\nWind Energy Resource Atlas (through 1978) - Twelve published volumes of wind energy\nstatistics using data from approximately 975 locations are available from NTIS.\nComparative Climatic Data - Presents separate tables of monthly and annual average wind speed\nin MPH for about 300 U.S. sites.\nClimatic Atlas of the U.S. (1931-60) - Presents maps of monthly and annual averages of prevailing\ndirection, mean speed (MPH) and fastest mile of wind.\nLocal Climatological Data, Annual Summary - Presents tables of monthly and annual average,\nresultant and fastest mile wind speed for the current year, and monthly and annual mean and\nfastest mile speed for a long period, usually 15 to 30 years.\nAirport Climatological Summaries (1965-74) - Presents monthly and annual tables of mean wind\nspeed (Kts) and prevailing direction plus percent frequency of wind direction VS. wind speed (Kts)\nWind-Ceiling-Visibility Data at Selected Airports (1948-78) - 284 locations available - presents\nannual-only wind direction VS. wind speed circular graphs and tabulations for six ceiling-visibility\nclasses.\nSummary of Hourly Observations (1951-60) - 138 locations available - Presents monthly and\nannual tables of percent frequency of wind direction and speed (MPH) + percent frequency of\nhourly wind speed (MPH); and hourly sky cover.\nCustomized Wind Rose Tabulations - Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Wind Rose for\nAirport Design: Wind direction versus wind speed frequency tabulations. The standard tabulation\nprovides an overall summary of 36-point wind quadrant data for combined all-weather conditions.\nWind speeds are reported in knots and use 9 standard FAA speed groups plus calm. In general,\nthe most recent 8 years of hourly data will be summarized. Additional tabulations described under\n\"Customized Tabulations\" below provide diskette files in the FAA Airport Design software\nformat. NCDC can provide customized 16-point or 36-point wind rose tabulations of monthly,\nseasonal, and/or annual data; wind units in mph, knots, or meters/sec; and customer-specified a)\nceiling-visibility thresholds, b) hours of operations, c) variety of present weather conditions, and\nd) speed classes (up to 9 classes with flexible ranges).\nExtreme Wind Speeds at 129 Stations in the Contiguous U.S. - Presents measured fastest mile\nwind speed and direction from beginning of record (usually 1941) to 1977 for each year, and\ncomputed extreme wind speeds for return periods from 2 years to 1 million years. Tropical storm\nextreme winds were included for this study, but caution should be used when using this book in\nhurricane prone areas.\nDirectional Extreme Wind Speed Data for the Design of Buildings and Other Structures - Presents\nlargest yearly fastest-mile wind speed data corresponding to winds blowing from each octant at 37\nairport stations in the United States.\n98","Historical Extreme Winds in the U.S., Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico - Area covered: 53 coastal\nlocations from Maine to Texas. Tables present measured annual values from beginning of record\n(varies from 1875 to 1947) to 1979. Maps present computed annual 100-year return period\nfastest-mile wind speed at 10 and 30 meters above ground level. Tropical storm extreme winds\nwere included in this study.\nHistorical Extreme Winds in the U.S., Great Lakes and Adjacent Regions - Area covered: 70\nlocations in 8 Great Lakes states plus Iowa. Tables present measured annual values from\nbeginning of record (varies from 1875 to 1951) to 1979. Maps present computed annual 100-year\nreturn period fastest-mile winds at 10 and 30 meter heights above ground level.\nIndex to Summarized Wind Data (Sep 1977) - Presents samples of 15 different Wind Rose\ntabulation formats available from the NCDC together with an index arranged alphabetically by\nstate/city and format. Periods of record are listed for each tabulation. Contains no actual or\naverage wind data.\nNational Wind Data Index--Final Report (Dec 1978) - Presents sample of forms used to record\noriginal wind observations and a listing of periods of record available for actual manuscript wind\nobservation data together with a list of anemometer heights and height-change dates. Contains no\nactual or average wind data.\nWind Energy Resource Information (WERIS) Index - Presents samples of the 19 types of\nstatistical tables and the period of record available for the approximately 975 stations. Contains\nno actual or average wind data.\n99","WORLDWIDE/FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS\nClimates of the World (1969) - Presents average temperature and precipitation data for\napproximately 800 stations throughout the world. It also includes brief narrative descriptions of\nthe climate of each continent and maps depicting the annual average worldwide distribution of\ntemperature and precipitation.\nWorld Weather Records - This six volume set contains monthly and annual tables of mean\ntemperatures, mean pressures, and total precipitation for most stations throughout the world for\nwhich complete data for the ten year period (e.g., 1981-1990) are available. Prior issues back to\n1920 are available on microfiche.\nVolume 1, North America\nVolume 2, Europe\nVolume 3, West Indies, South and Central America\nVolume 4, Asia\nVolume 5, Africa\nVolume 6, Islands of the World\nMonthly Climatic Data for the World (MCDW) - Issued monthly only, and contains monthly mean\nvalues of surface and upper air measurements from a large number of selected stations throughout\nthe world. The surface elements included are pressure, temperature, vapor pressure, precipitation,\nand percent of long-term averaged sunshine. The upper air data consist of height, temperature,\ndew point depression, and mean vector wind at standard constant pressure levels.\nMiscellaneous Summaries - Weather data recorded by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy weather\nservices stateside and abroad are archived on paper and microfiche at NCDC. Hourly surface data\nare available from many locations since the 1940s on one form per day. Some autographic charts\nand radiosonde records are available. Much of this military data are also available in digital form,\nand can be printed on paper at cost. Summarized data available ranges from 1 sheet monthly\naverages to several-hundred page 3-hourly summaries. Detailed climatic summaries are also\navailable for many regions of the world.\nWorldwide Airfield Summaries - This series of summaries presents monthly and annual\nclimatological information for approximately 4,000 airfields and climatic areas throughout the\nworld. The period of record varies by stations and elements. The data used are prior to 1974.\nThese summaries were prepared by the U.S. Air Force Environmental Technical Applications\nCenter (ETAC) for the U.S. Naval Oceanography Command and are archived on 156 microfiche\nand on one CD-ROM. Copies of data for individual stations are available on paper or on\nmicrofiche.\nUpper Air Studies - Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the upper atmosphere.\nThese atlases introduce a new historical gridded upper air dataset. Data in these atlases were\nproduced by summarizing the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)\n00 & 12Z gridded analyses for 1980-1985. Also available on CD-ROM for period 1980-1991.\nSummary of Meteorological Observations-Surface (SMOS) - Monthly and annual summaries\n100","(some by 3-hour groups) of weather conditions; precipitation; surface winds; ceiling versus\nvisibility and sky cover; temperature and relative humidity; and pressure for approximately 980\nworldwide locations. Data available on paper and on CD-ROM.\nRevised Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO)/Surface Observational\nClimate Summary (SOCS) - Similar summaries to those listed above as 'SMOS' are available for\napproximately 450 worldwide locations on paper and on CD-ROM. Various periods of record\nare available.\nNCDC Foreign Data Collection - Consists of over 100,000 volumes of publications printed in\nforeign countries and exchanged with NOAA for US climate publications. The collection contains\nworldwide average meteorological data on a country-by-country basis. A digital index file is used\nto locate potentially useful data. Significant large holdings include publications from:\n1. Argentina\n4. Germany\n7. Poland\n2. Australia\n5. Japan\n8. United Kingdom\n3. France\n6. Philippines\n9. USSR\nWorld Data Center-A For Meteorology - Of particular interest to research scientists are the\ncollections of WDC-A for Meteorology, collocated with NCDC. Catalogs have been published\nand are available in most large research libraries for databases available, which include: GATE,\nFGGE, MONEX, WAMEX, ALPEX, IFYGL, and STREX.\nNOAA Library - Contains an extensive collection of foreign weather data publications. Visitors\nare welcome. Address:\nNOAA Central Library\n2nd Floor, SSMC3\n1315 East-West Highway\nSilver Spring, MD 20910\n101","GUIDES AND CATALOGS\nSelective Guide to Climatic Data Sources (Washington, DC: NOAA, 1988) - Contains brief\ndescriptions of many NCDC domestic, and some NCDC foreign holdings. Available on 7\nmicrofiche, free from NCDC.\nGuide to Standard Weather Summaries and Climatic Services (NAVAIR 50-IC-534) (Asheville,\nNC: NOCD, 1986) - Contains the most complete site inventory available of NCDC foreign (and\ndomestic) summarized unpublished tabulations. Available only on 4 microfiche, free from NCDC.\nCatalog of Publications of the World Meteorological Organization (Geneva, Switzerland: WMO,\n1983) - For U.S. and Canadian requests, order from:\nAmerican Meteorological Society\n45 Beacon St.\nBoston, MA 02108\nPhone: 617-227-2425 (ask for publications)\nOL-A, AFCCC Directory of Climatic Databases (Asheville, NC: AFCCC, 1996) - Descriptions of\nmany Air Force climatic databases available from Federal Climate Complex in Asheville, NC.\nFree from NCDC.\n102","GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS\nAFGWC\nAir Force Global Weather Central\nASOS\nAutomated Surface Observing System\nAWS\nAir Weather Service\nECMWF\nEuropean Center For Medium-range Weather Forecasts\nGTS\nGlobal Telecommunications System\nMRF\nMedium Range Forecast model\nNCEP\nNational Centers for Environmental Prediction\nNGM\nNested Grid Model\nNREL\nNational Renewable Energy Laboratory\nNWS\nNational Weather Service\nPOR\nPeriod of Record\nQC\nQuality Control\nTD\nTapedeck\n103"]}