{"Bibliographic":{"Title":"Monitoring of downstream salmon and steelhead trout at federal hydroelectric facilities","Authors":"","Publication date":"1985","Publisher":""},"Administrative":{"Date created":"08-16-2023","Language":"English","Rights":"CC 0","Size":"0000012778"},"Pages":["SH153\nUn555\n1985\nMonitoring of Downstream Salmon and\nU.S. Department of Energy\nBonneville Power Administration\nDivision of Fish & Wildlife\nSteelhead Trout at Federal Hydroelectric\nNational Oceanic and\nFacilities\nAtmospheric Administration\nNational Marine Fisheries Service\nEnvironmental & Technical Services\nDivision\nNovember 1985\nAnnual\nReport\n1985","This report was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), U.S.\nDepartment of Energy, as part of BPA's program to protect, mitigate, and\nenhance fish and wildlife affected by the development and operation of\nhydroelectric facilities on the Columbia River and its tributaries. The views\nin this report are the author's and do not necessarily represent the views of\nBPA.\nFor copies of this report, write:\nBonneville Power Administration\nDivision of Fish and Wildlife\nPublic Information Officer - PJ\nP.O. Box 3621\nPortland, OR 97208","MONITORING OF DOWNSTREAM SALMON AND STEELHEAD\nAT FEDERAL HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES - 1985\nNorthwest\nLIBRARY\n2725\nFisheries\nSeatMontlako\nScience\nBlvd.\nWA\nCtr.\nE\n98112\nby\nRichard C. Johnsen\nand\nCarol L. Ranck\nAnnual Report of Project 84-14\nfinanced by\nBonneville Power Administration\n(Agreement DE-AI79-85BP20733)\nand\nEnvironmental and Technical Services Division\nNorthwest Region\nNational Marine Fisheries Service\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\n847 N.E. . 19th Avenue\nPortland, Oregon 97232\nNovember 1985","TABLE OF CONTENTS\nINTRODUCTION\n1\nMETHODS AND MATERIALS\n2\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION\n4\nSUMMARY\n5\nRECOMMENDATIONS\n8\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n8\nLITERATURE CITED\n9\nAPPENDIX A\n10","INTRODUCTION\nJuvenile salmonids were monitored on their seaward migration at three\nkey sites on the Snake-Columbia River system by the National Marine\nFisheries Service (NMFS) This was a part of the total monitoring effort\nin the Water Budget Center's (WBC) smolt monitoring program on Columbia\nBasin salmonid stocks. In addition to the three key sites, the NMF'S also\ninitiated a sampling effort at Lower Monumental Dam. Funding was provided\nby the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)\nThe major sampling sites were at Lower Granite, McNary, and John Day\nDams: sampling at these sites provided data primarily for evaluation of\nsmolt survival, travel time, and migrational timing as required by the WBC.\nAt Lower Monumental Dam catch data was to provide a general indication of\nsmolt passage and comparison with the hydroacoustics passage index as\ndetermined by Bio-Sonics of Seattle, WA. To achieve these goals it was\nnecessary to monitor and index salmonid smolt passage at the three major\nsites. This involved: 1) the systematic sampling of the smolt migration\nfrom 27 March to 23 July at Lower Granite Dam, 29 March to 26 September at\nMcNary Dam, 28 March to 1 April, 20-22 April, and 27 April to 29 October at\nJohn Day Dam; 2) recovering and recording brands; 3) providing the WBC with\na daily index of smolt passage at Lower Granite and McNary Dams and daily\nsample numbers at John Day Dam; and 4) providing the WBC with daily\nsummaries of brand recapture data. Daily catch and brand recapture data\nfrom Lower Monumental Dam was reported to the WBC as required during the\nsampling season, 23 May through 9 July.\nMETHODS AND MATERIALS\nAs in 1984 (Johnsen, et. al., 1984), monitoring the smolt migration at\nLower Granite and McNary Dams was by sampling, by time, a portion of the\ntotal number of smolts from the gatewell collection system. The target\nrate was the lesser of 3% of the estimated weekly outmigration or 10% of\nthe weekly total of smolts collected or bypassed (FTOT Annual Work Plan,\n1985) At John Day Dam initially (28 March to 1 April), sampling was\nidentical to 1984 using the airlift pump system in Unit 3, gatewells B and\nC; this was prior to installation and testing of the submerged traveling\nscreens (STS) Sampling at John Day Dam after 20 April was with the STS\ninstalled; samples from 20-22 April were from dipnetting Unit 3, and from\n27 April to the end of the season were from the airlift pump system in\ngatewell B of Unit 3. Samples at Lower Monumental Dam were obtained with a\nspecially constructed gatewell dipnet fished in the bulkhead gate slot.\nSample numbers were relative because gatewell cleanout was not possible - a\nstored operating gate prevented dipnetting the total gatewell area\navailable to fish. Gatewells A, B, and C of Unit 2 were dipnetted until\nthe unit went out of service on 16 June; gatewells A, B and C of Unit 3\nwere fished thereafter.","The sampling schedule at each site was typically as follows:\nFrequency\nSite\nDaily: 24-hour cumulative sample\nLower Granite Dam\nDaily: 24-hour cumulative sample\nMcNary Dam\nDaily: 24-hourly samples\nJohn Day Dam\n5 days per week: 8 hours per day\nLower Monumental Dam\nReporting of data was daily or as requested by the WBC. To\nefficiently accomplish this, an IBM-PC transmission system (via phone\nline), was established by the WBC at the three main sites. Data from Lower\nMonumental Dam was reported weekly from the Rufus Field Station.\nConfirmation of data transmitted was for the most part an on-going joint\neffort between personnel from the sample site and the WBC as the season\nprogressed. To take advantage of all possible brand recapture data, some\nfollow-up verification was necessary by the NMFS staff to categorize\nreportings of partial or faded brands. This may at times be vital for\nstatistical validation of certain mark groups by increasing the number of\nusable recoveries.\nAnalysis and evaluation of these monitoring data are being performed\nby the WBC. Detailed data from each sample site will be available in their\n1985 smolt monitoring activities report.\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION\nA summary of sampling results are presented in Table 1. In addition\nto the numbers of fish by species sampled at each site are the total\nnumbers of branded fish captured, estimated numbers collected, and the\nnumber of days each species appeared in the sample. Figure 1 shows the\nportion of the season each species was found in the sample.\nSampling at Lower Granite and McNary was routine and essentially\nidentical to 1984; no operational difficulties of significance were\nencountered.\nSampling at John Day Dam after installation of the STS in Unit 3 did,\nhowever, require a significant amount of operational testing, adjustment,\nand some minor modifications to the airlift pump components; this\noperational testing was necessary to compensate for the increased upwell\nflow in the gatewell and its effect on the fish. The search for a suitable\nfunnel operating depth for hydraulic efficiency, while considering the\nwell-being of the fish captured, required numerous changes in the sampling\nroutine. A depth of about 20 feet, to the top of the funnel, was found to\n2","TABLE 1. --Summary of 1985 smolt sampling activities at Lower Granite, Lower Monumental,\nMcNary, and John Day Dams.\nTotal\nNumber of\n1/\nTotal\nnumber\nEstimated\ndays species\nnumber\nof brands\ntotal number\noccurred in\nSpecies\nDam\nsampled\nin sample\ncollected\nsample\nYearling\nLower Granite\n101,109\n2,165\n1,742,244\n121\nChinook\nLower Monumental\n5,187\n32\n5,187\n31\nMcNary\n213,899\n8,458\n2,952,613\n110\nJohn Day\n63,578\n1,960\n63,578\n108\nSubyearling\nLower Granite\n3,375\n458\n44,008\n56\nChinook\nLower Monumental\n3,116\n0\n3,116\n22\nMcNary\n433,418\n1,928\n6,562,483\n177\nJohn Day\n226,577\n80\n226,577\n179\nSteelhead\nLower Granite\n106,684\n1,647\n2,689,579\n116\nLower Monumental\n8,347\n3,918\n8,347\n32\nMcNary\n58,649\n7,547\n840,493\n163\nJohn Day\n36,616\n2,113\n36,616\n150\nCoho\nLower Granite\n0\n0\n0\n0\nLower Monumental\n0\n0\n0\n0\nMcNary\n4,653\n28\n71,752\n57\nJohn Day\n600\n3\n600\n51\nSockeye\nLower Granite\n324\n0\n6,467\n88\nLower Monumental\n4\n0\n4\n3\nMcNary\n71,095\n1,707\n1,030,017\n144\nJohn Day\n17,235\n334\n17,235\n98\n1/ At John Day and Lower Monumental Dams the sample is the actual collection.\n3","Mar 31 Apr 28 May 26 Jun 23 Jul 21 Aug 18 Sep 15 Oct 13\nLower\nGranite\n1/\nSampling Ended July 23\nChinook 1\nChinook 02/\nSteelhead\nCoho\nSockeye\nLower\nMonumental\nSampling Ended July 9\nChinook 1\nChinook 0\nSteelhead\nCoho\nSockeye\nMcNary\nSampling Ended September 26\nChinook 1\nChinook 0\nSteelhead\nIII II\nCoho\nSockeye\nJohn Day\nSampling Ended October 29\nChinook 1\nII\nChinook 0\nSteelhead\nCoho\nSockeye\nJun 23\nJul 21\nAug 18\nSep 15 Oct 13\nMar 31\nApr 28\nMay 26\nFigure 1. -- Species represented during the 1985 smolt sampling season at Lower Granite,\nLower Monumental, McNary, and John Day Dams.\n1/ Yearling Chinook\n4\n2/ Sub-Yearling Chinook","be a suitable depth for sampling spring migrants and was later confirmed as\nsuitable for summer migrants as well. With the late April STS installation\ndate and the airlift operational testing, a consistent sampling mode was\nnot possible until the spring migration was nearly at mid-point.\nSampling at Lower Monumental Dam commenced about three weeks later\nthan the anticipated fist of May. Preparatory effort in fabrication of the\ngatewell dipnet, refurbishing the portable fish handling buildings and\nconstruction of the safety handrails around the open gatewells, was more\ntime-consuming than expected. Concurrent sampling with the Bio-Sonics\nhydroacoustics unit was consequently reduced to about one week. Their diel\npassage profile indicated major passage during the night hours - primarily\nI7\nbefore 0200 hours\nWe therefore adjusted our dipnet schedule to conform\nto this, working 1800-0230 hours. Except for unexpected turbine shutdowns,\nonce operational our sampling activities proceeded exceptionally well the\nremainder of the season.\nSupplemental sampling results at Lower Granite and McNary Dams during\nthe month of October are found in Appendix A. These data were collected by\nthe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dipnetting selected turbine gatewells at\nthese two sites with support provided by various fishery agencies,\nincluding NMFS.\nSUMMARY\nThe smolt monitoring project of the National Marine Fishery Service\nprovided data on the seaward migration of juvenile salmon and steelhead at\nLower Granite, McNary, John Day, and Lower Monumental Dams during 1985.\nThe numbers of fish sampled by species and brand recaptures were provided\nto the Water Budget Center for the purpose of evaluating smolt survival,\ntravel time and migrational timing.\nRECOMMENDATIONS\n1.\nCoordination of all activities affecting sampling/monitoring with\nthose individuals or groups directly involved in the sampling programs\nis of continuing importance.\n2.\nTimely distribution of mark release information to each sampling site\nis vital.\n3.\nGood quality brands on the fish at release will improve potential\nrecognition at recapture sites. This cannot be over-emphasized.\n1/ Personal communication with Bio-Sonics operators at Lower Monumental\nDam.\nLIBRARY\nNorthwest Fisheries Science Ctr.\n2725 Montlake Blvd. E\nSeattle, WA 98112\n5","ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nSupport for this smolt monitoring project came from the region's\nelectrical ratepayers through the Bonneville Power Administration.\nWe appreciate the assistance of the Northwest and Alaska Fisheries\nCenter, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division. In particular, the\nuse of the shop facilities and equipment at the Pasco and Rufus Field\nStations were especially helpful.\nWe also wish to thank the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and especially\ntheir on-site biologists and assistants for their cooperation and\nassistance at each sampling site: Lower Granite, Lower Monumental, McNary\nand John Day dams.\n6","LITERATURE CITED\nAnonymous, 1985. The Fish Transportation Oversight Team's Annual Work Plan\nFor Transport Operations at Lower Granite, Little Goose, and McNary\nDams for Field Year (FY) 1985. Unpublished document.\nJohnsen, R.C., C.W. Sims, D.A. Brege, and A.E. Giorgi. 1984. Monitoring\n1984. Monitoring of Downstream Salmon and Steelhead at Federal\nHydroelectric Facilities. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., , Seattle, WA.\nAnnual Report to Bonneville Power Administration, November 1984\n(Agreement DE-al79-84bP17265) . 6p.\n7","Appendix A. 1985 post-season gatewell dipping results at Lower Granite and\nI/\nMcNary Dams.\nJuvenile salmon\nSockeye\nSteelhead\nChinook\nDam\n7\n21\n1520\nLower Granite\n3\n5\n2312\nMcNary\n1/ Obtained from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.\n8"]}