This study highlights infrared sensor technology incorporated into the global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde platforms to obtain sea surface temperature (SST) measurements. This modified sonde (IRsonde) is used to improve understanding of air-sea interaction in tropical cyclones (TCs). As part of the Sandy Supplemental Program, IRsondes were constructed and then deployed during the 2014 hurricane season. Comparisons between SSTs measured by collocated IRsondes and ocean expendables show good agreement, especially in regions with no rain contamination. Surface fluxes were estimated using measurements from the IRsondes and AXBTs via a bulk method that requires measurements of SST and near-surface (10 m) wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The evolution of surface fluxes and their role in the intensification and weakening of Hurricane Edouard (2014) are discussed in the context of boundary layer recovery. The study's result emphasizes the important role of surface flux-induced boundary layer recovery in regulating the low-level thermodynamic structure that is tied to the asymmetry of convection and TC intensity change.
Camp, E. F.; Smith, D. J.; Evenhuis, C.; Enochs, I.; Manzello, D.; Woodcock, S.; Suggett, D. J.;
Published Date:
2016
Source:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1831), 20160442.
Description:
Corals are acclimatized to populate dynamic habitats that neighbour coral reefs. Habitats such as seagrass beds exhibit broad diel changes in temperature and pH that routinely expose corals to conditions predicted for reefs over the next 50-100 years...
Gintert, B. E.; Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Gleason, A. C. R.; Gracias, N.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Coral Reefs, 37(2), 533-547.
Description:
Annual coral bleaching events, which are predicted to occur as early as the next decade in the Florida Keys, are expected to cause catastrophic coral mortality. Despite this, there is little field data on how Caribbean coral communities respond to an...
Cyronak, T.; Andersson, A. J.; Langdon, C.; Albright, R.; Bates, N. R.; Caldeira, K.; Carlton, R.; Corredor, J. E.; Dunbar, R. B.; Enochs, I.; Erez, J.; Eyre, B. D.; Gattuso, J. P.; Gledhill, D.; Kayanne, H.; Kline, D. I.; Koweek, D. A.; Lantz, C.; Lazar, B.; Manzello, D.; McMahon, A.; Melendez, M.; Page, H. N.; Santos, I. R.; Schulz, K. G.; Shaw, E.; Silverman, J.; Suzuki, A.; Teneva, L.; Watanabe, A.; Yamamoto, S.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Plos One, 13(1), 17.
Description:
Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, and overfishing, which could shift reefs to a cond...
Because surface wind speeds within tropical cyclones are important for operational and research interests, it is vital to understand surface wind structure in relation to various storm and environmental influences. In this study, global rain-correcte...
This study reconstructs a century-long South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC) index. The reconstruction is possible due to its covariability with sea surface temperature (SST). A singular value decomposition (SVD) method is applied...
Internal gravity waves are continuously generated by deep moist convection around the globe. Satellite images suggest that tropical cyclones produce short-wavelength, high-frequency waves that radiate outward, with the wave fronts wrapped into tight ...
Manzello, D. P.; Enochs, I. C.; Kolodziej, G.; Carlton, R.; Valentino, L.;
Published Date:
2018
Source:
Marine Biology, 165(6), 11.
Description:
The persistence of coral reef frameworks requires that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production by corals and other calcifiers outpaces CaCO3 loss via physical, chemical, and biological erosion. Coral bleaching causes declines in CaCO3 production, but th...
Kubryakov, A. A.; Stanichny, S. V.; Volkov, D. L.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Ocean Science, 13(3), 443-452.
Description:
Satellite altimetry measurements show that the magnitude of the Black Sea sea level trends is spatially uneven. While the basin-mean sea level rise from 1993 to 2014 was about 3.15 mm yr(-1), the local rates of sea level rise varied from 1.5-2.5 mm y...
Putrasahan, D. A.; Kamenkovich, I.; Le Henaff, M.; Kirtman, B. P.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Geophysical Research Letters, 44(12), 6352-6362.
Description:
Mesoscale variability of currents in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can affect oceanic heat advection and air-sea heat exchanges, which can influence climate extremes over North America. This study is aimed at understanding the influence of the oceanic mes...
Goes, M.; Babcock, E.; Bringas, F.; Ortner, P.; Goni, G.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(9), 1947-1961.
Description:
Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data provide one of the longest available records of upper-ocean temperature. However, temperature and depth biases in XBT data adversely affect estimates of long-term trends of ocean heat content and, to a lesser ex...
During a routine penetration into Hurricane Felix late on 2 September 2007, NOAA42 encountered extreme turbulence and graupel, flight-level horizontal wind gusts of over 83ms(-1), and vertical wind speeds varying from 10 ms (1) downward to 31ms (1) u...
Dong, S. F.; Volkov, D.; Goni, G.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(7), 5952-5969.
Description:
Three surface drifters equipped with temperature and salinity sensors at 0.2 and 5 m depths were deployed in April/May 2015 in the subtropical South Pacific with the objective of measuring near-surface salinity differences seen by satellite and in si...
Kourafalou, V.; Androulidakis, Y.; Le Henaff, M.; Kang, H.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(10), 7897-7923.
Description:
Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies along the northern Cuban coast (CubANs) have been identified in the Straits of Florida, associated with the northward shift of the Florida Current (FC) and the anticyclonic curvature of the Loop Current (LC) at the weste...
Aksoy, A.; Zhang, J. A.; Klotz, B. W.; Uhlhorn, E. W.; Cione, J. J.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(7), 2672-2695.
Description:
A new vortex-scale initialization scheme is presented for idealized coupled hurricane simulations. The atmospheric scheme involves construction of azimuthally averaged kinematic and thermodynamic initial fields based on historical composite data sets...
Martinez-Urtaza, J.; van Aerle, R.; Abanto, M.; Haendiges, J.; Myers, R. A.; Trinanes, J.; Baker-Austin, C.; Gonzalez-Escalona, N.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Mbio, 8(6), 17.
Description:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related infections with illnesses undergoing a geographic expansion. In this process of expansion, the most fundamental change has been the transition from infections caused by local strains to ...
Increased ice discharge in the North Atlantic is thought to cause a weakening, or collapse, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during Heinrich events. Paleoclimate records indicate that these periods were marked by severe tropi...
Lindstrom, E. J.; Shcherbina, A. Y.; Rainville, L.; Farrar, J. T.; Centurioni, L. R.; Dong, S. F.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Eriksen, C.; Fratantoni, D. M.; Hodges, B. A.; Hormann, V.; Kessler, W. S.; Lee, C. M.; Riser, S. C.; St Laurent, L.; Volkov, D. L.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Oceanography, 30(2), 38-48.
Description:
The Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study ( SPURS) aims to understand the patterns and variability of sea surface salinity. In order to capture the wide range of spatial and temporal scales associated with processes controlling salinit...
Lee, S. K.; Volkov, D. L.; Lopez, H.; Cheon, W. G.; Gordon, A. L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Wanninkhof, R.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(5), 4413-4430.
Description:
Since late 1978, Antarctic sea-ice extent in the East Pacific has retreated persistently over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in warm seasons, but expanded over the Ross and Amundsen Seas in cold seasons, while almost opposite seasonal trends ha...
Alaka, G. J.; Zhang, X. J.; Gopalakrishnan, S. G.; Goldenberg, S. B.; Marks, F. D.;
Published Date:
2017
Source:
Weather and Forecasting, 32(3), 1253-1271.
Description:
The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model is a dynamical model that has shown annual improvements in its tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts as a result of various modifications. This study focuses on an experimental version of HW...