CATALOG OF EARTHQUAKE PHOTOGRAPHS KEY TO GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS DOCUMENTATION NO. 7 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE BOULDER, COLORADO DECEMBER 1976 KGRD CATALOG SERIES Listed below are catalogs published in the Key to Geophysical Records Documentation (KGRD) series. Those without an asterisk (*) may be obtained from National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA/EDS, Boulder, Colorado 80302; if preceded by an asterisk, from National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia 22161. KGRD No. 1, Marine Geophysical Data Catalog (out of print; superseded by KGRD No. 4). *KGRD No. 2, Catalog of Strong-Motion Seismograph Stations and Records (COM-74-10714). KGRD No. 3, Catalog of Earthquake Photographs (out of print; superseded by KGRD No. 7). KGRD No. 4, Marine Geophysical Data Catalog-1975. KGRD No. 5, Earthquake Data File Summary. KGRD No. 6, Bibliography and Index to Literature on Manganese Nodules (1874-1975). Additional Information on the services of the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center is available from the address above. The following publications describe these services and provide price lists: Earthquake Data Services and Publications Marine Geology and Geophysics Data Services and Publications U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Elliot L. Richardson, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE Thomas S. Austin, Director CATALOG OF EARTHQUAKE PHOTOGRAPHS KEY TO GEOPHYSICAL RECORDS DOCUMENTATION NO. 7 Compiled by Jerry L. Coffman National Geophysical and Solar—Terrestrial Data Center Boulder, Colorado December 1976 Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION................................. 1 DESCRIPTION OF EARTHQUAKE PHOTOGRAPHS ....... 3 1811 Dec. 16 (Missouri)............. 3 1868 Oct. 21 (California).......... 4 1872 Mar. 26 (California).......... 4 1886 Aug. 31 (South Carolina)..... 4 1891 Oct. 25 (Japan)............... 6 1897 Jun. 12 (India)............... 6 1899 Sep. 10 (Alaska).............. 6 1905 Apr. 4 (India)................ 6 1906 Apr. 18 (California).......... 6 1915 Jun. 22 (California).......... 11 1918 Apr. 21 (California).......... 11 1920 Jun. 21 (California).......... 12 1921 Sep. 29 (Utah)................ 12 1923 Sep. 1 (Japan)................ 12 1925 Jun. 27 (Montana)............. 12 1925 Jun. 29 (California).......... 13 1933 Mar. 10 (California).......... 14 1934 Mar. 12 (Utah)................ 19 1935 Oct. 18 (Montana).............. 19 1935 Oct. 31 (Montana).............. 19 1937 Mar. 8 (California)............ 20 1940 May 18 (California)............ 20 1941 Jun. 30 (California).......... 20 1941 Oct. 21 (California).......... 21 1941 Nov. 14 (California).......... 21 1946 Apr. 1 (Alaska)................ 21 1952 Jul. 21 (California).......... 22 1952 Nov. 4 (Kamchatka Island)..... 24 1954 Dec. 16 (Nevada)............... 25 1957 Mar. 9 (Alaska)............... 25 1957 Mar. 22 (California).......... 25 1958 Jul. 9 (Alaska)............... 26 1959 Aug. 18 (Montana).............. 26 1960 Feb. 28 (Morocco).............. 29 1960 May 22 (Chile)................ 29 1961 Apr. 8 (California)............ 29 1964 Mar. 27 (Alaska)............... 29 1964 Jun. 16 (Japan)............... 33 1965 Apr. 29 (Washington).......... 33 1966 Jan. 22 (New Mexico).......... 34 1966 Jun. 27 (California).......... 34 1966 Dec. 28 (Chile)............... 35 1967 Jul. 21 (Alaska)............... 35 1967 Jul. 29 (Venezuela)............ 35 1967 Aug. 9 (Colorado).............. 36 1967 Nov. 26 (Colorado)............. 36 1967 Dec. 10 (India)............... 36 1967 Dec. 20 (Chile)............... 37 1968 May 16 (Japan)................ 37 1968 Aug. 31 (Iran)................ 37 1968 Oct. 14 (Australia)............ 38 1970 May 23 (Colorado).............. 38 1970 May 31 (Peru).................. 38 1971 Feb. 9 (California)............ 40 1972 Apr. 10 (Iran)................ 41 1972 Dec. 23 (Nicaragua)............ 42 1973 Feb. 21 (California).......... 43 1973 Apr. 26 (Hawaii)............... 43 1973 Aug. 28 (Mexico)............... 44 1973 Nov. 30 (Tennessee).......... 45 1974 Oct. 3 (Peru).................. 45 1974 Dec. 28 (Pakistan)............. 46 1975 Mar. 27 (Utah)................ 46 1975 Aug. 1 (California)............ 46 1975 Sep. 6 (Turkey)............... 47 MISCELLANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHS ............... 49 INDEX TO PHOTOGRAPHS .................... 51 Introduction Photographs of damage and other earthquake effects are a unique data form that captures the transient consequences of the violent shaking of the Earth. They preserve a record of effects that otherwise would be quickly lost in cleanup and repair operations. For the engineer, they provide details of construction and special effects that cannot easily be reduced to a written report. For others, they are graphic evidence of the tragic aftermath of destructive earthquakes. This publication is a revision and update of Catalog of Earthquake Photographs, KGRD No. 3, Revised 1975 Edition, published by the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center. It is a collection of earthquake damage photographs obtained from 63 different government and private sources. It lists chronologically by date approximately 750 photographs on the subject of earthquakes and contains descriptions and examples of the collection. Each photograph has been assigned a number beginning at No. 1, with new listings that have been added to this revised catalog assigned numbers with hyphens (e.g., 20-1, 20-2, etc.). Many of the photographs are views of toppled buildings and collapsed bridges and dams; others show spectacular landslides, rifts, and ground cracks resulting from damaging shocks. The "Description of Earthquake Photographs" beginning on page 3 is a listing of 65 damaging tremors in the U.S. and foreign areas that date from December 1811. The date, location, and caption of all photographs on file for each earthquake are listed chronologically. Refer to the Table of Contents, page iii, which gives the dates of all earthquakes listed in the file, to obtain the page number for a particular earthquake of interest. If photos are needed on any aspect of earthquake damage (e.g., damage to bridges), refer to the "Index to Photographs," page 51, which provides cross-reference to the subjects covered in the catalog. The "Index to Photographs" is comprised of four main categories: I. Earthquake damage; II. Aerial views; III. Human interest photographs; and IV. Damage (all types) by location. The numbers following each entry refer to the numbered descriptions in "Description of Earthquake Photographs." Category I (earthquake damage) is subdivided into ten sections to guide the user to most subjects concerning damage. They are as follows: Buildings; damage to specific engineering structural elements; damage to bridges and wharfs; damage to tunnels and culverts; ground effects and damage to earthwork; damage to dams and related structures; damage to harbor and coastal works; miscellaneous earthquake damage; damage from fires following earthquakes; and effects on glaciers. In some instances these subjects are further divided into more detailed aspects. For example, the "Buildings" section is broken down into general, high-rise, low-rise, private dwelling, and school building damage. It was arbitrarily decided that high-rise buildings were those of five stories or more. The aerial views of category II are listed by city and state or country. Many of these are cross-indexed under other categories. Category III contains photos emphasizing the impact of earthquakes in human, rather than engineering, aspects. These might show the victims of a damaging earthquake encamped in a park after their homes had collapsed, or an unwary fisherman being swept away by a tsunami. The last section, category IV, is especially helpful to those seeking earthquake photographs from a particular city of the world. Alphabetically listed by state or country and city, it is a cross-index of categories I through III. It lists photos available from 14 states in the U.S. and 13 countries or island groups. Another catalog soon to be issued will contain information on copies of isoseismal maps, epicenter plots, and other maps. NGSDC would appreciate donations of damage photographs of general interest to its photo library. Please furnish a complete caption and credit line with each photo. Directions for Ordering Photographs in this collection are available as black and white prints, 35-mm transparencies, or as copy negatives (see table on p. 2 for sizes available and prices). Those available in color are so indicated in the caption of the photo by "(Color)." A request for prints, copy negatives, and duplicates of transparencies should specify the photograph number in the catalog, and the type and size of print or negative required. Since these photographs were collected from many different sources, some of them are not of high quality. Those of questionable quality are indicated by an asterisk (*) beside the photo number. The present catalog provides a caption and credit line for each item. Although permission for reproduction of prints or negatives is not required (unless specified in caption), an acknowledgment would be appropriate. Photos may not be used to indicate that the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or Environmental Data Service endorses any product or service. PRICE SCHEDULE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS (BLACK & WHITE) (8x10) $10.00 PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS (COLOR) PRICES FURNISHED FOR SPECIFIC REQUESTS SLIDE SETS (20 35-MM SLIDES) $30.00 35-MM SLIDES (BLACK & WHITE OR COLOR AS AVAILABLE) $2.50 NOTE: PRICES ARE SUBJECT TO REVISION. UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUESTED, GLOSSY PRIN' WILL BE FURNISHED. ADDRESS ALL REQUEST TO: NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER, ATTN: PAT LOCKRIDGE NOAA/NESDIS E/ec11 BOULDER, CO 80303 U.S.A. Description of Earthquake Photographs Dec. 16, 1811 New Madrid, MO. (1) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Growth of nelumbium, allied to lotus. River-swamp type of sunk lands, Varney River, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (2) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Two views. Water weeds of shallower lakes of the sunk lands, New Madrid earthquake area. Trees in foreground partly killed by subsidence. New growth in background, Varney River, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (3) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Two views. Swamp in New Madrid earthquake area, submerged land. Some dead trees and some growth, Varney River, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (4) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Enlarged butt of gum tree in New Madrid earthquake area. Young growth along edges of sunk lands, Varney River, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (5) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Channel of Varney River, MO. Swamp in New Madrid earthquake area is on left. Trees were killed by subsidence; area on right is new growth, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (6) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Gum and cypress in swamp in New Madrid earthquake area, growth since earthquake. Line of ice in severe freeze is shown, Varney River, Kennett, Dunklin County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (7) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Water standing in earthquake crack, Marked Tree, Poinsett County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (8) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Log across earthquake crack, Marked Tree, Poinsett County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (9) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Young gum and cypress growth in sunk lands on St. Francis River, Lake City, Craighead County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (10) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Cypress trunks killed by submergence resulting from New Madrid earthquake, Lake St. Francis, Craighead County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (11) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Water pocket in earthquake craterlet of the New Madrid earthquake, Blytheville, Mississippi County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (12) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Coalescent or linear blows obstructing drainage in the Arkansas district. Sand blows of the New Madrid earthquake, Blytheville, Mississippi County, AR. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (13) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Sand blow of craterlet type in area of disturbance, Caruthersville, Pemiscot County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (14) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Two views. Lower end of Reelfoot Lake, showing trunks killed by New Madrid earthquake submergence in distance, Lake County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (15) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Elevated cypress near south end of Reelfoot Lake, upturned during New Madrid earthquake, Lake County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (16) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Trees prostrated by New Madrid earthquake, Reelfoot Lake, Lake County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (17) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Landslide trench and ridge in Chickasaw Bluffs, east of Reelfoot Lake, resulting from the New Madrid earthquake, Obion County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (18) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Landslide fissures in Chickasaw Bluffs, east of Reelfoot Lake, produced by New Madrid earthquake, Obion County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (19) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. Trees tilted by New Madrid earthquake, Chickasaw Bluffs, east side of Reelfoot Lake. Note twist of trees into upright position, Obion County, TN. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). (20) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1811, New Madrid, MO. View of one side of fault trench or "fissure" near banks of St. Francis River, New Madrid County, MO. Photograph Credit: USGS (M.L. Fuller). Oct. 21, 1868 Hayward, CA. (20-1)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Wrecked courthouse at San Leandro. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-2)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Damage to D. Pierce private residence, Hayward. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-3)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. B. Edmonson's warehouse collapsed at Hayward. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-4)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Flour mill at Hayward was destroyed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-5)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Collapse of flour mill and warehouse at Hayward. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-6)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. View of farm building at Hayward which was destroyed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-7)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Three views of damage to exterior building walls in San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-8)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1968, Hayward, CA. Collapsed buildings surround locomotive at Hayward. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-9)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. View of building destruction at terminus of San Francisco and Alameda Railroad. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-10)* Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Fault offset stream near Hayward. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (20-11) Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1868, Hayward, CA. Hayward fault zone southeast of Oakland sag pond. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Mar. 26, 1872 Owens Valley, CA. (20-12) Earthquake of Mar. 26, 1872, Owens Valley, CA. Hedge was displaced 9 feet. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Aug. 31, 1886 Charleston, SC. (21) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Displaced coping, portico of old guardhouse, southwest corner of Meeting and Broad St., Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (22) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Damaged house at Lincolnville, SC. Photograph Credit: USGS. (23)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Lateral displacement of railroad tracks near Rantowles. Photograph Credit: USGS. (24) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Railroad tracks warped. Photograph Credit: USGS. (25) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. East Bay St. damage, Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS. *Photograph is of questionable quality. (26) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Typical damage to buildings in Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS. (27)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Damage to Hibernian Hall, Charleston. Handsome Grecian style building crashed to ground on Meeting St. Photograph Credit: USGS. (28)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Building damage on Hayne St., Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS. (29) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Wrecked house at 157 Tradd St., Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (30) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Destroyed gable of brick house, corner of Queen and Mazyck St., Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (31) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Thrown gable and twisted chimney, Broad St. opposite Orange, looking northeast, Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (32) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Derailed locomotive on Ten Mile Hill, Berkeley County, SC. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (33) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Two views. Craterlet, Ten Mile Hill, Berkeley County, SC. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (34) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Damaged tower and coping of city hospital, Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (35) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Brick wall of city jail fissured, Magazine St. near Luzon, Charleston. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). (35-1) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Building damage at Charleston Medical College. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. (35-2)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Bennett Rice Mill was badly damaged, Charleston. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. (35-3)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Interior damage to Unitarian Church, Charleston. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. (35-4) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Tower on St. Philip's Church, Charleston, was damaged. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. ![Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Tower on St. Philip's Church, Charleston, was damaged.](page_1012_180_495_312.png) (35-5) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Damage at Charleston College. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. (35-6) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Exterior damage to St. Michael's Church, Charleston. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. ![Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Exterior damage to St. Michael's Church, Charleston.](page_1012_1092_495_312.png) (35-7) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. Exterior walls collapsed into streets at the Market, Charleston. Photograph Credit: South Carolina Art Association. (36) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1886, Charleston, SC. People encamped in City Park public square, Charleston, after earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.K. Hillers). Oct. 25, 1891 Nagoya, Japan (36-1) Earthquake of Oct. 25, 1891, Nagoya, Japan. Severe ground cracking and displacement. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (36-2) Earthquake of Oct. 25, 1891, Nagoya, Japan. Landslides destroyed several houses. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (36-3)* Earthquake of Oct. 25, 1891, Nagoya, Japan. Destruction of homes and railroad culvert. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley June 12, 1897 India (36-4) Earthquake of June 12, 1897, India. Sand crater at Rowmare. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (36-5)* Earthquake of June 12, 1897, India. Railroad bridge collapsed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (36-6)* Earthquake of June 12, 1897, India. Bridge damage at Rangpur, two views. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Sept. 10, 1899 Yakutat Bay, AK. (37) Earthquake of Sept. 10, 1899, Yakutat Bay, AK. Aerial view of Bancas Point and Disenchantment Bay; locality of 47-foot (14.3 m) uplift during earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (D.J. Miller). Apr. 4, 1905 India (37-1) Earthquake of Apr. 4, 1905, India. Destroyed buildings in Palanpur, Bazar. Photograph Credit: Geological Survey of India. Apr. 18, 1906 San Francisco, CA. (38) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. The City in flames. A panoramic view of San Francisco in flames 5 hours after the earthquake, taken from Mason St. at 10:00 a.m., April 18, 1906. Note the many buildings which appear to be only slightly damaged, yet are in the direct path of the flames. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (38-1) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Aerial view of ruins of San Francisco, showing many square blocks completely razed. Photograph Credit: San Francisco Examiner. (39) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. This row of two-story buildings collapsed backward away from the street when the ground slumped beneath their foundations. The photo was taken before the fire destroyed the entire block. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (40) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. California Street after earthquake and fire. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (41) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Three views of earthquake effects on terrain and streets. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley, and USGS. (41-1) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Street collapse on Union St., west of Steiner. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (42) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Collapsed pilarcitos 30-inch (78 cm) wrought-iron pipeline, near trestle crossing the fault. The slip produced a compression on the pipeline which buckled it, thereby throwing down the trestle support. The consequent parting of the pipeline suddenly released the water from the pipe, causing a vacuum which brought about the collapse. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.L. Humphrey). (43) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. House on line of fault, torn asunder by earthquake. Near Wrights Station, on Southern Pacific Railroad, Santa Cruz County, CA. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.L. Humphrey). (44)* Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Courthouse and Hall of Records wrecked, Santa Rosa. Wreck due to light wooden framing, insufficient bracing, and poor mortar. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.L. Humphrey). (44-1)* Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Collapse of Santa Rosa City Hall. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (45) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Statue of Agassiz thrown from its niche at Stanford University, Palo Alto. Two views (a) with building behind statue, and (b) closeup. Photograph Credit: (a) USGS (W.C. Mendenhall), and (b) Univ. of California, Berkeley. (46) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Three views. Severely damaged City Hall, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: (a) USGS (W.C. Mendenhall), (b) Hodson and Walsh, and (c) California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento. (47) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Earthquake and fire-wrecked buildings--Palace Hotel and Call Building, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (48) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damaged store on University Ave., Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (49) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Wrecked concrete block house, University Ave., Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (50) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damaged building one block north of University Ave., Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (51) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Entrance to Stanford University grounds, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (52) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Two views. Property damage at Stanford Library, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (53) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Two views. Great arch and overturned urns, Stanford campus, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (54) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. University Chapel, collapsed corridor viewed from rear, Stanford, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (55) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Wrecked east wing of museum, Stanford, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (56) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Two views. Gymnasium and library, Stanford, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (57) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Chapel from inner quad, Stanford, Palo Alto. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.C. Mendenhall). (58) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Fence offset 8½ feet (2.6 m) by main fault ½ mile (0.8 km) northwest of Woodville, looking northeast. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (59) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Main fault at Skinner place, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Olema, looking northwest. Fault passes under barn to right of center. Main part of barn remained on its foundation; shed at right was dragged 15 feet (4.6 m). Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (60) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. East side of Howard near 17th St., San Francisco. All houses shifted toward left. Tall house dropped from its south foundation wall and leaned against its neighbor. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Train thrown down at Point Reyes Station. The train was standing on a siding. Beyond are buildings of the Point Reyes Hotel; and at the extreme right the ruin of a stone store, which was shaken down. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-1) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Secondary cracks, shore of Bolinas Lagoon. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-2) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Shifted bottom of Tomales Bay, edge of new shoal; general view. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-3) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. View of camp set up for victims of earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (Eric Swenson). (61-4) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Roof and wall damage to a church near Mission Dolores, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-5) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Roof damage at children's playground and park, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-6) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Road crossing fault trace near Point Reyes Station, looking southwest, offset 20 feet (6 m). Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-7) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Structural damage to St. Dominic's Church, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-8) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Several views of roadway displacement, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-9) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Three views of ruins along railroad after earthquake and fire, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-10) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Sidewalk dropped, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-11) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Two views of street damage, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-12) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damage in residential area, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-13) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. House apparently undamaged, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-14) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Railroad track buckled, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-15) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Buckling on Howard St., caused by earthflow, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-16) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Houses on stilts were disrupted along coast, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-17) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Results of earthflow on 9th St., San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-18) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Underground pipe damage, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-19) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Ground cracks and displacement, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-20) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Fault trace near Point Reyes Station, looking southeast. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-21) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Two views of earthquake ridges on tidal flat, Tomales Bay. Photograph Credit: USGS (G.K. Gilbert). (61-22) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damage to exterior building walls and to roof, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-23) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Small landslide onto roadway, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-24) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Earthquake uprooted large tree, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-25) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Horses were killed and wagon crushed by falling debris, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS (Eric Swenson). (61-26)* Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Racking and spalling of concrete bridge pier, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-27) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Portions of walls left standing from gutted and collapsed 6-story building, San Francisco. San Francisco. Photograph Credit: unknown. (61-28) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. View east toward Market St., San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS (Eric Swenson). (61-29) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. House, tree, and fence shifted 12 feet (3.7 m), San Francisco area. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-30) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Offset in fence on Bear Creek Dairy Farm. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-31) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damaged high school, San Jose. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-32) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. View of 3-story structure that collapsed, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-33) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Roof and steeple damage at Baptist Church, Oakland. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-34) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Collapse of 2-story building at San Mateo. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-35) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Collapse of several buildings at Santa Rosa. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-36) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Row of gum trees offset 16 feet (4.9 m) north of Bolinas Bay. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. June 22, 1915 Imperial Valley, CA. (61-40) Earthquake of June 22, 1915, Imperial Valley, CA. Remains of Delta Mercantile Co. Building after earthquake and fire, El Centro. Photograph Credit: USGS. (61-41)* Earthquake of June 22, 1915, Imperial Valley, CA. Railroad water tank at Calexico overturned; damage to hotel, Calexico. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. ![Photograph showing collapsed building with "Hay-Grain-Feed-Fuel" sign](page_172_613_1207_377.png) (61-37) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Fence offset near Olema. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-38) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Offset in waterpipe northwest of San Andreas Lake. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-39) Earthquake of Apr. 18, 1906, San Francisco, CA. Damage to private residence, San Francisco. Photograph Credit: USGS. April 21, 1918 San Jacinto, CA. (61-42)* Earthquake of April 21, 1918, San Jacinto, CA. Front fell from 1-story building. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-43) Earthquake of April 21, 1918, San Jacinto, CA. Building collapsed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. June 21, 1920 Inglewood, CA. (61-44) Earthquake of June 21, 1920, Inglewood, CA. Buildings damaged on west side of Commercial St. (now LaBrea Ave.). Photograph Credit: California Division of Mines and Geology. (61-45) Earthquake of June 21, 1920, Inglewood, CA. Hotel Inglewood. Exterior walls collapsed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. ![View of building destruction.](page_1012_180_474_312.png) 61-57 view of building destruction. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-51) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. The Ginza, main street of Tokyo. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-52) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Rubble near Sakura-gicho Station, downtown Tokyo. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-53) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Site of destroyed Grand Hotel. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-54) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Near Motomachi, garage and all surrounding buildings completely demolished. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-55) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. View of rubble from top of Bluff, overlooking Motomachi and Yamashita-cho toward Port. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-56) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. View toward town from Port area. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-57) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Survivors sought refuge in cemetery. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. Sept. 29, 1921 Elsinore, UT. (61-46) Earthquake of Sept. 29, 1921, Elsinore, UT. Chimneys twisted. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (61-47) Earthquake of Sept. 29, 1921, Elsinore, UT. Aerial view of fault near Mt. Carmel, UT. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Sept. 1, 1923 Yokohama, Japan (61-48)* Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Two views of building destruction in city and Port of Yokohama. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-49) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Two views of damaged buildings from Port area. Photograph Credit: O.K. Brehmer. (61-50) Earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923, Yokohama, Japan. Looking from Yamashita-cho toward center of town, ![Aerial view of fault near Mt. Carmel, UT.](page_1012_670_474_312.png) 61-47 June 27, 1925 Near Helena, MT. (62) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. Wrecked Methodist Church at Three Forks. Fallen bricks are separated from one another because poor mortar was used. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). (63) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. High school at Three Forks was damaged by earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). (64) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. Joints opened in limestone cliff near Lombard. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). (65) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. Damaged school house at Manhattan. Note separation of partition walls from outside wall due to lack of ties. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). (66) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. Broken railroad track near Lombard. Note rebound of broken rail. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). (67) Earthquake of June 27, 1925, near Helena, MT. Rocks on railroad track near Lombard. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.T. Pardee). June 28, 1925 Santa Barbara, CA. (67-1) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Western Motor Transfer Building collapsed. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-2) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Walls caved in at pump and screen plant. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-3) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Collapsed walls and roof of Unitarian Church. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-4) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. San Marcos Building was destroyed. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-5) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Crumbled remains of Santa Barbara County Courthouse. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-6) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Severe damage to Arlington Hotel. Exterior walls fell. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-7) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Collapsed walls of Arlington Hotel. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-8) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Junior high school building collapsed. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-9)* Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Collapsed walls and roof of Mission building. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-10) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. El Camino Real Hotel and garage collapsed. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-11) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Berg Hotel front walls fell. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-12) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Wall collapse at Hotel Californian. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-13) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Side walls collapsed at Hotel Californian. Photograph Credit: Chester Moore. (67-14) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Powerplant was almost destroyed. Roof and walls fell. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-15) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Destruction of Potter Theatre. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-16) Earthquake of June 29, 1925, Santa Barbara, CA. Church of Our Lady of Sorrow was severely damaged. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Mar. 10, 1933 Long Beach, CA. (67-17) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Church walls and roof collapsed. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-18)* Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Buildings at 4th and Pine St. were destroyed by earthquake and fire. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-19) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Broken columns at collapsed Bank of America Building. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-20) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Building damage in business district, 1st and Pine St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-21) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Building damage at 4th and American St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-22) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Lynwood Theatre collapsed. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-23) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Exterior walls of Continental Bakery Building fell. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-24) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapse of Lyons Storage, a reinforced concrete building at New York and California St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-25) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Portico and columns of building fell in. Photograph Credit: Capt. T.J. Maher. (67-26) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed roof and storefront on north side of Seaside Blvd., third building, east of Pier Ave. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-27) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Facing off wall, detailing poor brick work, Lynnwood, 11417 Long Beach Blvd. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-28) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Crumpled water tank; had contained 7 million gallons (27,000 m^3) of water. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-29) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed steel tank tower of H.V. Cowan Company. Tank was a flat-bottom wood tank. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-30) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Column fracture, cracking in wall of Marti's Store, northwest corner of 4th and Pine. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-31) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Marti's Store severely damaged. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-32) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Column failure at the rear of Packard Building; bars spaced too closely. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-33) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Stairway broken away from landing at Pacific Coast Club. Steel bars pulled out, no breakage. Bars extended only 6 inches (15.6 cm) into landing. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-34) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Failure of column at northwest corner of Los Angeles Union Terminal Building. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-35) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Failure of column at southwestern corner of Los Angeles Union Terminal Building, cracked and crumbled walls. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-36) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed roof and walls at Ewell Theatre. Photograph Credit: USGS. (67-37) No photo. (67-38) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Church caved in by earthquake. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-39) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Front of building collapsed at Ocean Ave. apartment house. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-40) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. View of collapsed roof, walls, and floors of multistory apartment building on Ocean Ave. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-41) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapse of multistory apartment building. Photograph Credit: USGS. (67-42) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Foundation collapsed on house. West side Willowbrook, between Olive and Cocoa. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-43) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. View of damaged buildings along street. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-44) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Walls of house buckled and collapsed, underpinning affected by termites, Compton. Photograph Credit: Mr. Merritt. (67-45) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Complete collapse of frame building. Photograph Credit: USGS. (67-46) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. House thrown from foundation. Photograph Credit: USGS. (67-47) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Double brick wall collapsed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. ![Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. House thrown from foundation.](page_1012_1012_496_246.png) 67-44 ![Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed walls at St. Anthony's School.](page_1012_1536_496_246.png) 67-48 ![Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. George Washington High School, Los Angeles, at 108th St., viewed from north parapet; chemistry building across roof of main building with parapet of auditorium in background.](page_1012_1800_496_246.png) 67-49 (67-50)* Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Complete collapse of roof and walls at Polytechnic High School. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-51) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed roof and walls, cracking corners of Polytechnic High School. (Two views--front and rear). Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-52) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed roof and walls at Jefferson Junior High School. Photograph Credit: Capt. T.J. Maher. (67-53) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Roof and walls crumbled at Alexander Hamilton Junior High School, State St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-54) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Roof and walls caved in at Whittier School, Walnut St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-55) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Edifice collapsed at John Muir School, Pacific Ave. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber (67-56) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Hospital staff cleaning up damage to St. Mary's Hospital. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-57) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Cleaning up debris in business area of Pike St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-58) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Buried cars and collapsed buildings at East Anaheim St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-59)* Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Debris from fallen buildings on Pike St., Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-60) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Buried cars and debris on Main St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-61) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Walls collapsed on cars. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-62) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Cars buried by fallen buildings at Fourth and American St. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-63) No photo. (67-64) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapsed wall of Central Grammar School, Huntington Beach. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-65) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Wall damaged at kindergarten school, Huntington Beach. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-66) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Car buried in rubble on Main St. at Compton. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-67) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Walls collapsed at Compton Mason Hall. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-68) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Structural damage to porch of frame dwelling at Compton. West side Willowbrook, north of Laurel Ave. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-69) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Roof and walls collapsed at Compton City hall. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-70) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Multistory building collapsed in Compton. Seven people killed here. Photograph Credit: Capt. T.J. Maher. (67-71) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Walls and roof caved in at Compton Junior High School. Rear of main building. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (67-72) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Walls and roof collapsed at Compton High School, Science Building. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-73) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Rear wall of dance hall collapsed at Compton High School. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-74) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Front entrance to the administration and classroom building, Compton Junior College and High School. Broken parapet, fallen roof tile, and two fractured concrete lions--seems superficial but this 3-story had to be razed because of severe structural failure. Photograph Credit: California Division of Mines and Geology (Olaf P. Jenkins). (67-75) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapse of Stockwell Building, Compton. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-76) No photo. (67-77) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Compton First National Bank Building--before and after. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (67-78) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Concrete curb adjacent to the campus of Compton Junior College. Here the earthquake destroyed the bench marks, which had been set for surveying classes. Photograph Credit: California Division of Mines and Geology (Olaf P. Jenkins). (67-79) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Sand boil or "volcano" demonstrating liquefaction in fine, water-saturated sands, Seal Beach area. Photograph Credit: California Division of Mines and Geology (Olaf P. Jenkins). (67-80) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Roof and structural damage to business building at San Pedro. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-81) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Cracked walls and fallen brick at Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: W.L. Huber. (67-82) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. East wall of Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant, partly collapsed. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-83) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Cracked east wall of machine shop at Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-84) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Cracks in west wall of turbine room at Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-85) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Bent braces in boiler room at Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-86) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Fallen bricks at corner of Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-87) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Dowel screws #1 turbine, thrust offset at Los Angeles Gas and Electric, Seal Beach Plant. Photograph Credit: J.G. Rollow. (67-88) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Damage typical of bridge approaches in the Alamites Bay-Seal Beach area. Almost universal differential displacement near junction of approach roads and near bridge structures. Photograph Credit: California Division of Mines and Geology (Olaf P. Jenkins). (67-89) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Exterior walls collapsed onto parked cars. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-90) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Car covered by fallen bricks (2 views). Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-91) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Exterior wall collapsed into street (2 views). Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-92) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Fronts of buildings fell into streets. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-93) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Building roof on ground after collapse (2 views). Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-94) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Bricks from exterior walls litter streets. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-95) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Destruction to exterior wall (3 views). Photograph Credit: Allendale Insurance (A.C. Chick). (67-96) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Exterior wall damage. Photograph Credit: Allendale Insurance (A.C. Chick). (67-97) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Severe building collapse at Morgan Motor Company. Photograph Credit: Allendale Insurance (A.C. Chick). (67-98) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Collapse of building. Photograph Credit: Allendale Insurance (A.C. Chick). (67-99) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Complete destruction to buildings (2 views). Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-100) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Commercial building almost destroyed. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-101) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Severe damage to hotel. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-102) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Tower of church severely damaged. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-103) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Top stories of building collapsed. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. ![Top stories of building collapsed](page_1012_1012_484_246.png) 67-100 (67-104) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Guards on patrol after earthquake. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-105) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Rescue workers search for survivors in rubble (2 views). Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-106) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. Emergency supplies for survivors. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. (67-107) Earthquake of Mar. 10, 1933, Long Beach, CA. People gather for distribution of free food. Photograph Credit: Southern California Earthquake Pictures. Mar. 12, 1934 Kosmo, UT. (68) Earthquake of Mar. 12, 1934, Kosmo, UT. Fault scarp created north of Kosmo. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (68-1) Earthquake of Mar. 12, 1934, Kosmo, UT. Car straddles ground crack at northeastern edge of Great Salt Lake. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Oct. 18, 1935 Helena, MT. (68-2) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Wall cracks in brick duplex. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-3) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Exterior damage to walls of 2-story brick residence. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-4) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Damage to brick filler walls at high school. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-5) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Severe wall damage to buildings at Helena County Poor Farm. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-6) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Exterior walls fell onto streets at National Biscuit Company. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-7) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Roof and wall damage to 2½-story telegraph office. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (68-8) Earthquake of Oct. 18, 1935, Helena, MT. Roof and support wall collapsed at State Armory. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. Oct. 31, 1935 Helena, MT. (69) Earthquake of Oct. 31, 1935, Helena, MT. Collapse of west wing of new Helena High School. This part of school had reinforced concrete frame, floors, and roof, with tile floors faced with brick. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (69-1) Earthquake of Oct. 31, 1935, Helena, MT. Brick facing fell from private residence, north end of Jolliet St. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-2) Earthquake of Oct. 31, 1935, Helena, MT. House foundation damaged on Boulder Ave. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-3) Earthquake of Oct. 31, 1935, Helena, MT. Aerial view of collapsed buildings to south end of Main St. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. Mar. 8, 1937 Berkeley, CA. (69-4) Earthquake of Mar. 8, 1937, Berkeley, CA. Cracked wall of masonry garage. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-5) Earthquake of Mar. 8, 1937, Berkeley, CA. Repairing chimney. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-6) Earthquake of Mar. 8, 1937, Berkeley, CA. Collapse of chimney from 2-story building. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-7) Earthquake of Mar. 8, 1937, Berkeley, CA. Top of chimney cracked. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. May 18, 1940 El Centro, CA. (69-8) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Walls collapsed at gypsum tile house, Brawley. Photograph Credit: McLean. (69-9) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Walls and foundation collapse at Dunlap Hotel. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (69-10) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Top of 2-story cement block building fell to street. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-11) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Exterior walls of Magnolia Apartment Building collapsed, Brawley. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-12) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Furniture store collapsed, Brawley. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-13) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Roof caved in at City Hall in Imperial Valley. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-14) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Exterior walls crumbled at Brawley City Hall. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (69-15) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. First floor of Hotel Woodrow, Brawley, collapsed. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (69-16) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Broken base of exterior column, Dunlap Hotel. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (69-17) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Broken corner and column of masonry structure. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (68-18) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Column of building near collapse, Brawley. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (69-19) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Collapsed tank at Holtville. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. (69-20) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. House off foundation, porch columns broken on Imperial St., Brawley. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-21) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. City water tank collapsed at Holtville; steel supports bent and caved in. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. ![Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Collapsed tank at Holtville. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle.](page_1012_1342_496_246.png) 69-19 (69-22) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Trees in orchard offset. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (69-23) Earthquake of May 18, 1940, El Centro, CA. Fault trace across highway, 5 miles (8 km) from El Centro. Photograph Credit: H.M. Engle. June 30, 1941 Santa Barbara, CA. (69-24) Earthquake of June 30, 1941, Santa Barbara, CA. Looking southeast at News Press Building; shattering of hollow tile filler walls. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-25) Earthquake of June 30, 1941, Santa Barbara, CA. Fallen cornice from Benjamin Franklin Building. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-26) Earthquake of June 30, 1941, Santa Barbara, CA. Globe fell from street lamp. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. (69-27) Earthquake of June 30, 1941, Santa Barbara, CA. Entrance columns cracked at Benjamin Franklin Building. Photograph Credit: F. Ulrich. Oct. 21, 1941 Gardena, CA. (69-28) Earthquake of Oct. 21, 1941, Gardena, CA. Failure of west wall at Post Office Building, Moneta. Photograph Credit: USGS. Nov. 14, 1941 Los Angeles County, CA. (70) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Herald Building. Stucco over bricks; bricks were not tied in properly. Cracks over and around openings, Torrance. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (71) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Firewall down. Small attached building was knocked down. All buildings had broken glass windows, Torrance. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (72) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Herald Building. Firewall down, Torrance. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (73) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Brick building at 1316 Cabrillo Ave. Firewall down and corner cracked, Torrance. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (74) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Farmers and Merchants Bank. Partition broke away from outside wall and moved east, Gardena. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (75) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Rush Chevrolet. Firewall broken or down nearly all around building, Gardena. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (76) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Gardena Valley News Building. West wall moved in about 1 inch (2.6 cm) east and east wall moved 2 or more inches (5.2 cm) east so that roof nearly came down, Gardena. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (77) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Back wall of Kirkley's Market, next to Farmers and Merchants Bank, Gardena. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (78) Earthquake of Nov. 14, 1941, Los Angeles County, CA. Looking northwest at brick structure at Ainsworth and Gardena. East firewall down, Gardena. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Apr. 1, 1946 Aleutian Islands, AK. (79) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Tsunami hitting Hawaii Island. Note man in lower left corner, indicated by arrow. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (79-1) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Two views of tsunami damage on Kamehaneha Ave., Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (79-2) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Ridge at mouth of Poloin Valley, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (79-3) No photo. (79-4) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of flooding and bridge damage in Hilo Harbor, HI. Photograph Credit: James W. Duncan. (79-5) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Aerial view of late wave approaching Wailuka River, with view of washed-out railroad bridge on Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (79-6) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of oncoming tsunami from Putumaiile Tuberculosis Hospital, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Harry A. Simms, Sr. (79-7) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Advance stage of water wave into Wailuka River, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (79-8) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Advance of bore past damaged railroad bridge over Wailuka River, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (79-9) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of second wave breaking near Coconut Island inside Hilo breakwater, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Ed Lusby. (79-10) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of wave in Hilo harbor, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: James W. Duncan. (79-11) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of tsunami debris floating in Hilo Harbor, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: James W. Duncan. (79-12) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Two views of Wailuka River during advance of wave of tsunami, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: Ed Lusby. (79-13) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View of tsunami in Hilo Harbor as filmed from ship in harbor, Hawaii Island, HI. Photograph Credit: James W. Duncan. (79-14) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Wailoa River Basin, looking toward Linawai St., Hawaii Island, HI. Photo shows relation of normal water level as compared with tsunami. Photograph Credit: Harry A. Simms, Sr. (79-15) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. View down Wainanuene St., Hawaii Island, HI; breakwater in distance breached by third or fourth wave. Photograph Credit: unknown. (79-16) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Scotch Cap Lighthouse, Unimak Island, AK, after tsunami; its 5 occupants were lost. Photograph Credit: unknown. (79-17) Earthquake of Apr. 1, 1946, Aleutian Islands, AK. Scotch Cap Lighthouse, high on a cliff (a few kilometers from earthquake epicenter) on Unimak Island, AK, before earthquake and tsunami. Photograph Credit: unknown. ![Aerial view of late wave approaching Wailuka River, with view of washed-out railroad bridge on Hawaii Island, HI](page_1012_180_484_384.png) 79-5 ![Advance of bore past damaged railroad bridge over Wailuka River, Hawaii Island, HI](page_1012_600_484_384.png) 79-8 July 21, 1952 Kern County, CA. (80) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Railroad tracks, near Bealville, bent and twisted. It appears that ground under track was shortened. In one area, a ground shortening of about 10 feet (3 m) was reported. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (81) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Lodge Hall, Tehachapi. Partition at right shows original roof height of 2-story structure. Roof collapsed after supporting walls crumbled. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (82) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Collapsed Cummings Valley School. School was constructed of concrete walls and wood roof. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (83) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Collapsed school building. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (84) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Damage to building front. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (85) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Railroad water tank collapsed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Southern Pacific Railroad tunnel. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-1) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Collapsed schoolhouse improperly built on alluvium in Cummings Valley. Photograph Credit: Schlocker and Radbruch. (86-2) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Topped 100,000-gallon (385 m^3) water tank, Bakersfield. Photograph Credit: E. Varner. (86-3) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Bricks and awnings fell at Bakersfield Hotel. Photograph Credit: unknown. (86-4) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Parapet damage to downtown building, Bakersfield. Photograph Credit: T.H.P. (86-5) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Parapet damage to structures on Bakersfield St. Photograph Credit: T.H.P. (86-6) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Parapet damage to downtown building, Bakersfield. Photograph Credit: T.H.P. (86-7) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Before and after photos of Bakersfield clock tower. Photograph Credit: Henley's Photos. ![Railroad tunnel collapse](page_109_109_495_388.png) 86-2 ![Building roof and walls collapsed](page_109_624_495_388.png) (86-8) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Building roof and walls collapsed, Bakersfield. Photograph Credit: T.H.P. (86-9) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Collapse of frame building. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (86-10) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Exterior wall fell at Juanita Hotel, G and Green St. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (86-11)* Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Arvin store collapsed. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (86-12) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. S. Pacific railroad tracks bent at Bealville. Photograph Credit: USGS. (86-13) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Building on right (Tehachapi) undamaged. Frame building at left, on alluvium, damaged considerably. Photograph Credit: Schlocker and Radbruch. (86-14) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Damaged utility poles and wires near Arvin. Photograph Credit: W.K. Cloud. (86-15) Earthquake of July 21, 1952, Kern County, CA. Dust clouds from landslide triggered by aftershocks east of Bear Mountain. Photograph Credit: G. Shor. Nov. 4, 1952 Kamchatka Island (86-16) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at picnic grounds, Midway Island Naval Station. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-17) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami aftermath, Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-18) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage, Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-19) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage, Administration Bldg. on right, Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-20) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage. Note water spilling over top of breakwater (dark line from left to center is breakwater), Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-21) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage, Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-22) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage, Midway I. Photograph Credit: U.S. Navy. (86-23) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Sprecklesville, Maui. Damaged residence. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-24) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Hilo, HI. Small home damaged in Reeds Bay area. Note foundation blocks from which building was lifted. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-25) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Hilo, HI. Boat that had been undergoing repair at Oceanic Boat & Supply Company knocked off blocks. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-26) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Naska, HI. Wave scour near Maui Veterans Club. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-27) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Hilo, HI. Wreckage and debris on Coconut Island. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-28) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Hilo, HI. Storm drain and headwall damaged by waves. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-29) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Tsunami damage at Kahului, Maui. Home in center background was pushed onto road. Note Macadam pavement shifted. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (86-30) Earthquake of Nov. 4, 1952, Kamchatka Island. Wreckage of Girls' Scout Camp from tsunami, Naska, Maui. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Dec. 16, 1954 Fairview Peak, NV. (87) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. Vertical ground displacement. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (87-1) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. Column damage to Sacramento Reservoir. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (87-2) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. Broken and cracked earth at miner's shack. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (87-3) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. View of fault scarp. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (87-4) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. Fault trace in valley. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (87-5) Earthquake of Dec. 16, 1954, Fairview Peak, NV. Observers at crack in earth. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. Mar. 9, 1957 Alaska (87-6) Earthquake of Mar. 9, 1957, Alaska. Tsunami damage at Wailua Bay. Complete recession of water after first wave, Wailua, HI. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (87-7) Earthquake of Mar. 9, 1957, Alaska. Tsunami damage in Hawaii. Second wave building up. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (87-8) Earthquake of Mar. 9, 1957, Alaska. Tsunami damage in Hawaii. Second wave striking back. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (87-9) Earthquake of Mar. 9, 1957, Alaska. Tsunami damage in Hawaii. Precession of water after the first wave. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Mar. 22, 1957 San Francisco, CA. (87-10) Earthquake of Mar. 22, 1957, San Francisco, CA. Slides and cracks on Coast Highway near Mussell Rock. Photograph Credit: San Francisco Chronicle. (87-11) Earthquake of Mar. 22, 1957, San Francisco, CA. Fireplace in private home fell; fireplace was not reinforced nor fastened to the house frame, Daly City. Photograph Credit: San Francisco Chronicle. (87-12)* Earthquake of Mar. 22, 1957, San Francisco, CA. Exterior damage to wall and steps in Daly City. Photograph Credit: unknown. July 9, 1958 Lituya Bay, AK. (68)* Earthquake of July 9, 1958, Lituya Bay, AK. Aerial view of head of Lituya Bay. Large rockslide plunged into Gilbert Inlet at lower left, shearing off part of Lituya Glacier and sending wave over opposite spur. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (89) Earthquake of July 9, 1958, Lituya Bay, AK. Earthquake-induced rockslide generated a wave that surged 1,720 feet (524 m) up mountainside. Wave was generated from rockslide at left at head of Bay and destroyed forest over the light areas to altitude of 1,720 feet. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (90) Earthquake of July 9, 1958, Lituya Bay, AK. At Yakutat Bay, AK, foreground portion of Island sank; 3 people on Island were lost and were never recovered. Boat beached there was recovered. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (91) Earthquake of July 9, 1958, Lituya Bay, AK. Aerial view of ground breakage at time of earthquake; Fairweather fault east of Crillon Lake. Photograph Credit: USGS (D.J. Milier). Aug. 18, 1959 Hebgen Lake, MT. (92) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two views of slumping highway. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (93) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two views of highway damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (94) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. State Highway 287 disappeared into Montana's Hebgen Lake. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (95) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Damage to north shore of Hebgen Lake, State Highway 287. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (96) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Four views of easternmost slide, cutting Highway 287. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (97) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Landslide effects. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (98) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Damage to elementary school at West Yellowstone. Decorative stone entryway shaken down. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.W. Bayley). (99) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Brick veneer along east wall of elementary school spalled off and collapsed, West Yellowstone. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.W. Bayley). (100) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Collapse of chimney at Union Pacific Dining Lodge at West Yellowstone. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.W. Bayley). (101) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two views. Disruption of Highway 191 near Cougar Creek. Photograph Credit: USGS (R.W. Bayley). (102) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Elevated margin of Kirkwood earthflow about midway on northeast side raised 15 feet (4.6 m). Man is standing on a trail whose continuation on the flow is displaced 100 feet (30.5 m) to left. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.P. Hadley). (103) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Marginal pressure ridge at southwest side of Kirkwood earthflow 1,500 feet (458 m) from the head. View is southeast along the boundary shear scarp at the northwest end of ridge. Toppled tree at crest of ridge moved there from a point behind the camera, breaking branches from trees at the west side of the scarp before it fell. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.P. Hadley). (104) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two views of collapsed storage shed on foot (north) wall of Culligan Ranch. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (105) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Fence broken by underthrust fault. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (106) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Fence compressed by a component of the downhill motion. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (107) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Slumped earthfill of Hebgen Dam. This view looks into disrupted spillway. Tilted concrete core of dam shows in center right of photograph. It once was aligned with the edge of the spillway shown. The collapsed pier of the spillway shows behind the dog. The fractured and disrupted earthfill, which has slumped about 3 to 5 feet (10-16 m) in this general area, is shown to the right of the men and the dog. The men standing on the spillway are executives of Montana Power Company. The small canvas tent behind these men was erected by smoke jumpers of the Forest Service for various campers caught near the dam at the time of the earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (I.J. Witkind). (108) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Crest of Hebgen Dam shows slumped earthfill, cracks in the concrete core, the tilted concrete core, and the earthfill remnant on the core. Note how the amount of slump decreases near the distant end of the dam, which rests on bedrock. The slumped earthfill in the foreground rests on colluvial fill. Photograph Credit: USGS (I.J. Witkind). (109) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two views of damaged bridge at Grayling Creek. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (110) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Man stands in hole formed from compaction of sediments underlying Montana State Highway gravel pile. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (111) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Fractures about 1/2 mile (0.8 km) west of Morris Ranch. These are in a large mudflow that has moved south, distorting Highway 287. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (112) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. This photograph, taken on morning of Aug. 18, shows an overturned Cadillac along the Red Canyon fault scarp where it crosses U.S. Highway 191 near the Duck Creek Motel. The owner of this Cadillac and his family had spent the night at the Duck Creek Motel, and were awakened by the earthquake. The man panicked and rushed his family into the Cadillac. He decided to go to West Yellowstone and began driving south. He drove approximately 500 feet (152 m), greatly increasing his speed unaware of the fault scarp. The car plummeted off the fault scarp, landed on its side, and overturned. The family, bruised and shaken, crawled out of the car; no one seriously injured. They walked back and spent the remainder of the night in the room they had just vacated in the Duck Creek Motel. Photograph Credit: USGS (I.J. Witkind). (113) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Slump disrupting road along west side of Horse Butte. Photograph shows slump of debris along lake shore. Photograph Credit: USGS (I.J. Witkind). (114) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Hebgen Dam spillway. Three views of damage by massive land slump, increased by flood water during quake. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy and R.W. Bayley). (115) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Middle part of earthflow area east of Hebgen Lake. Fault scarp (top) and pressure ridge at east side of flow (bottom). Note variably tilted trees. Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (116) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Head of earthflow east of Hebgen Lake. Trees tilted backward, fault at east side of flow (lower right) and west side (left center). Photograph Credit: USGS (J.R. Stacy). (116-1) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Roadway and shoulder failure near Gibbon Canyon. Photograph Credit: National Park Service (Jack E. Boucher). (116-2) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Retaining wall separation with section completely demolished in Gibbon Falls area. Photograph Credit: National Park Service (Jack E. Boucher). (116-3) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Rockslides in Gibbon Falls area. Photograph Credit: National Park Service (Jack E. Boucher). (116-4) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Huge boulder rolled onto road at west entrance to Mt. Jackson (1.6 km east of Mt. Jackson slide). Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (116-5) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Rockslide in Golden Gate area. Photograph Credit: National Park Service (Jack E. Boucher). (116-6) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Two of three large slides on Highway 1 near Hebgen Dam. Highway is cracked and separated. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-7) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Scarp near Red Canyon. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-8) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Hebgen Lake scarp; 18-20 feet (5.5-6 m) of vertical displacement. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-9) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Campground between Hebgen Dam and dam created by new slide. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-10) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. One of several cracks in core of Hebgen Dam, ranging from 1 to 6 inches (2.6 to 15.6 cm) wide. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-11) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Hebgen Lake, showing receded water from one side of lake. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (116-12) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Waters of Hebgen Lake rose over vacation home, after lake tilted from one side to the other. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). ![Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Waters of Hebgen Lake rose over vacation home, after lake tilted from one side to the other.](page_1012_682_496_384.png) (116-13) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. New lake formed by slide dam 7 miles (11 km) downstream from Hebgen Dam. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (116-14) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Path cut in pine forest by falling boulder (south slope of Mt. Jackson). Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (116-15) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Section of highway crumbled into lake. (Color). Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (116-16) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Fallen stone from entrance of West Yellowstone School. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (116-17) Earthquake of Aug. 18, 1959, Hebgen Lake, MT. Unreinforced concrete block barn collapsed near entrance to Red Canyon. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Feb. 28, 1960 Agadir, Morocco (117) Earthquake of Feb. 28, 1960, Agadir, Morocco. Aerial photo of destruction in city. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (118) Earthquake of Feb. 28, 1960, Agadir, Morocco. Severe damage to buildings. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. May 22, 1960 Chile (119) Earthquake of May 22, 1960, Chile. Public square in Puerto Montt, Chile. Liquefied soil caused statue to sink. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (119-1) Earthquake of May 22, 1960, Chile. Tsunami strikes Wailoa River (Hilo, HI) as policeman and curious citizens watch. Photograph Credit: J. Hamasaki. (119-2) Earthquake of May 22, 1960, Chile. Sightseers in Hilo, HI, watch for water to recede. Photograph Credit: J. Hamasaki. (119-3) Earthquake of May 22, 1960, Chile. Aerial view of tsunami damage at Hilo, HI. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Apr. 8, 1961 Hollister, CA. (119-4) Earthquake of Apr. 8, 1961, Hollister, CA. X-cracks in reinforced columns at Elks Club. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (119-5) Earthquake of Apr. 8, 1961, Hollister, CA. Interior view of damage at Elks Club. Daylight is seen through intersection of cracks. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (119-6) Earthquake of Apr. 8, 1961, Hollister, CA. General view of exterior wall damage at Elks Club. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). Mar. 27, 1964 Anchorage, AK. (120)* Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Damage inside Anchorage International Terminal. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (121) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Damage at Anchorage camera shop. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. ![Damage at Anchorage camera shop](page_1012_120_496_312.png) 116-10 ![Aerial photo of destruction in city](page_1012_420_496_312.png) 122 ![General view of exterior wall damage at Elks Club](page_1012_720_496_312.png) 125 (122) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Collapse of Government Hill School. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (123) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Closeup of Government Hill School. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (124) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Cordova Building 6th Ave. and Cordova St. Fractured outside walls of 6-story structure. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (125) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Fourth Ave. slide. Graben dropped 11 feet (3.4 m) in response to 14 feet (4.3 m) of horizontal movement. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (126) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. View of downtown damage to 4th Ave. and buildings. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (127) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. General view of 4th Ave. slide. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (128) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Fourth Ave. slide and damaged buildings. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (129) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Car straddles ground crack. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (130) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Damage to private homes. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (131) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. House and section of office building dropped when ground moved. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (132) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Building separated when ground dropped. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (133) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Damage to small shops and stores on 4th Ave. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (134) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Commercial building damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (135) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Closeup of 5-story J.C. Penney Building, 5th Ave. and D St. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (136) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Two views of Denali Theatre marquee which rests at street level after ground dropped. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (137) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Wreckage of 6-story Four Seasons Apartment House. The building was in the last stages of construction. Canted elevator shaft at center. Large crack in foreground, filled in to restore traffic on M Street, passed beneath building. Photograph Credit: USGS (W.R. Hansen). (138) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Three aerial views of Turnagain Heights area. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (139) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Destruction of lawn. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (140) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Two views of Turnagain Heights area. Landslides and effects. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (141) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Landslides and effects. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (142) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Destroyed houses. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (143) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Macadam road damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (144) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Two views of destroyed house. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (145) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Destroyed house. Partial view of landslide. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (146) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Breakup of roadway. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (147) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Two views of roadway and house destruction. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (148) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Turnagain Heights area. Beginning of Turnagain Parkway. Slumping effects. Note Parkway sign in center. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (149) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Slides, Portage to Seward. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (150) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Downtown Valdez. Damage to Alaskan Hotel. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (151) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Transverse fissure in Valdez at corner of McKinley St. and Keystone Ave. Note damage to cinderblock building where the main fissure, fore- ground, intersects it. Similar ground fractures with or without sand and mud spouts, caused much damage to streets, utilities, and buildings in many parts of the affected area. Photograph Credit: USGS (H.W. Coulter). (152) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Montague Island. Several views of downed trees. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (153)* Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Seward. Aerial view of Seward Highway. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (154) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Seward. Two views of tsunami damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (155) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Seward. Destruction of house because of tsunami. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (156) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Seward. Tsunami damage at Seward port facilities. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (157) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Seward. View of railroad tracks damaged by tsunami. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (158) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. The waterfront at Seward, looking south, before earthquake-generated underwater landslides, surgewaves, and tsunami waves devastated the waterfront. Note the small boat harbor, the railroad, the large docks, and other waterfront facilities which were removed by the underwater landslides. Photograph Credit: USGS. (159) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Waterfront at Seward a few months after earthquake, looking north. Note the 'scalloped' shoreline left by the underwater landslides, the severed tracks in the railroad yard which dangle over the landslide scarp, and the window-like heaps of railroad cars and other debris thrown up by the tsunami waves. Photograph Credit: USGS. (159-1) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Tsunami damage in Kodiak. Two views. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (160) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Montague Island. College Fiord fault, Prince William Sound. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (161) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Several views of uplift at Macleod Harbor. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (162) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Living spruce trees 2 feet (0.6 m) in diameter were snapped off by a local wave at elevations between 88 (27 m) and 101 feet (31 m) above lower low water at the locality near Shoup Bay. Photograph Credit: USGS (G. Plafker). (162-1) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Surgewave left 2 X 12-inch (5.2 X 31-cm) plank in truck tire at Whittier. Photograph Credit: USGS. (162-2) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Sherman Glacier. Pit being dug on slide showing snowfall until time of earthquake. Slide debris still intact below. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS (L. Morris). (162-3) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Sherman Glacier. Slide generating area. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS (L. Morris). (162-4) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Texture of slide debris on Sherman Glacier. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS (L. Morris). (162-5) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Sherman Glacier. Differential melting caused by slide debris insulation. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS (L. Morris). (162-6) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Aerial view showing slide extent on Sherman Glacier. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS (L. Morris). (162-7) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Tsunami damage at Crescent City, CA, before and after cleanup. Photograph Credit: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (162-8) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Tsunami damage at pier in Crescent City, CA, before and after cleanup. Photograph Credit: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (162-9) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1964, Anchorage, AK. Street scene of tsunami damage at Crescent City, CA, before and after cleanup. Photograph Credit: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. June 16, 1964 Niigata, Japan (163) Earthquake of June 16, 1964, Niigata, Japan. Building was turned on its side. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (164) Earthquake of June 16, 1964, Niigata, Japan. View of damaged street. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (165) Earthquake of June 16, 1964, Niigata, Japan. Aerial view of leaning apartment houses. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (166) Earthquake of June 16, 1964, Niigata, Japan. Collapsed bridge. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Apr. 29, 1965 Seattle, WA. (167) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Bridge damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (168)* Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. House damage (fallen bricks). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (169) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Damage to house roof. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (170) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Debris left by earthquake. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (171) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Wall failure. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (172) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Damage at Tacoma, WA. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (173) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Settled road. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Jan. 22, 1966 Dulce, NM. (174) Earthquake of Jan. 22, 1966, Dulce, NM. Ceiling damage at Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) School. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. ![Settled road in Seattle, Washington](page_180_320_1207_320.png) (175) Earthquake of Jan. 22, 1966, Dulce, NM. Cracked exterior wall at BIA School. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (176) Earthquake of Jan. 22, 1966, Dulce, NM. Shear fractures in wall of steamheating plant. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (177) Earthquake of Jan. 22, 1966, Dulce, NM. Spalling of stucco on house. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. June 27, 1966 Parkfield, CA. (178) Earthquake of June 27, 1966, Parkfield, CA. Crack in Highway 466. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (179) Earthquake of June 27, 1966, Parkfield, CA. Highway 6 offset. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (180) Earthquake of June 27, 1966, Parkfield, CA. Two views of crack in bridge abutment on Highway 466. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (173-1) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Brick veneer damage, Seattle. Four-inch (10.4 cm) thick brick veneer peeled off wood frame building. (Color). Photograph Credit: Insurance Services, San Francisco (K.V. Steinbrugge). (173-2) Earthquake of Apr. 29, 1965, Seattle, WA. Northern Pacific Railroad tracks collapsed by earthquake. (Color). Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (180-1) Earthquake of June 27, 1966, Parkfield, CA. Pipelines bent by earthquake. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). Dec. 28, 1966 Taltal, Chile (181) Earthquake of Dec. 28, 1966, Taltal, Chile. Damage to houses at Catalina, Chile. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (182) Earthquake of Dec. 28, 1966, Taltal, Chile. Wall damage to houses at Taltal, Chile. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. July 21, 1967 Fairbanks, AK. (183) Earthquake of July 21, 1967, Fairbanks, AK. Mode-O-Day shop in Fairbanks sustained broken plate glass window. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (184) Earthquake of July 21, 1967, Fairbanks, AK. Books knocked from shelves at Fairbanks library. Photograph Credit: Fairbanks Daily News. (185) Earthquake of July 21, 1967, Fairbanks, AK. Merchandise damage at College Inn Market, College. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (186) Earthquake of July 21, 1967, Fairbanks, AK. Tall stack buckled on Matanuska Dairy Bldg. Photograph Credit: Fairbanks Daily News. July 29, 1967 Caracas, Venezuela (187) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Elevator shaft at Macuto Sheraton at Caraballeda, near Caracas. Photo before earthquake also. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (188) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Interior court of 17-story Union Building in Caracas. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (189) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. San Jose Building in Caracas before and after earthquake (10-story structure). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (190) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Column damage to Macuto Sheraton Hotel, Caraballeda. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (191) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Life hazard from failure of suspended ceiling, Macuto Sheraton Hotel, Caraballeda. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (192) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Fourteen-story San Bosco Building, Caracas. Tile walls failed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (193) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. San Bosco Building, Caracas. Column damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (194) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Several views of Mansion Charaima Apartment Building, Caracas. Top four floors collapsed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (195) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Cypress Garden, Caracas. Failure of columns of 14-story structure. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (196) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Detail of failed columns at Cypress Garden, Caracas. Note that the column has an air gap, with only the badly distorted reinforcing steel remaining. Also note the hollow tile backing wall for the ceramic veneer. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (197) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Eighteen-story Mene Grande Building, Caracas. Damage to southeastern corner of south unit, first floor. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (198) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Eighteen-story Mene Grande Building, Caracas. Damage to southwest corner of south unit, first floor. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (199) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Bahia del Mar Building, Caraballeda. Details of outside damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Bahia del Mar Building, Caraballeda. Extensive damage to outside west wall. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200-1) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Partially collapsed structure at beach, Caraballeda. Macuto Sheraton Hotel is at upper right of photo. Photograph Credit: El Nacional. (200-2) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Building collapse near beach in Caracas area. Photograph Credit: El Nacional. (200-3) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Settlement cracks on beach near Macuto Sheraton. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200-4) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Two people were killed by fallen portico at Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200-5) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. North-south walls of building fell. House in foreground removed, Caracas. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200-6) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Detail to annex stair tower, Caracas. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (200-7) Earthquake of July 29, 1967, Caracas, Venezuela. Wall damage to multistory building, Caracas. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Aug. 9, 1967 Denver, CO. (200-8) Earthquake of Aug. 9, 1967, Denver, CO. One of three overpass pillars that cracked. Photograph Credit: The Denver Post. (200-9) Earthquake of Aug. 9, 1967, Denver, CO. Broken window at Commerce City Market. Photograph Credit: The Denver Post. Nov. 26, 1967 Denver, CO. (200-10) Earthquake of Nov. 26, 1967, Denver, CO. Bookshelves toppled in Farmers Union Building, 9th floor. Photograph Credit: The Denver Post. (200-11) Earthquake of Nov. 26, 1967, Denver, CO. Merchandise shaken from shelves in Commerce City Market. Photograph Credit: The Denver Post. Dec. 10, 1967 Koyna, India (200-12) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Roof collapse at Araar Village. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. (200-13) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Complete collapse of house in Koyna Nagar. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. (200-14) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Tombstone rotated 6 km from Helwak. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. (200-15) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Culvert collapse 5 km from Helwak. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. (200-16) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Cracks in highway 6 km from Helwak. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. (200-17) Earthquake of Dec. 10, 1967, Koyna, India. Bridge at Chiplum collapsed. Two views. Photograph Credit: National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad. Dec. 20, 1967 Tocopilla, Chile (201) Earthquake of Dec. 20, 1967, Tocopilla, Chile. Damaged house. Outside wall collapsed. Photograph Credit: University of Chile (Dr. E. Kausel). (202) Earthquake of Dec. 20, 1967, Tocopilla, Chile. Total destruction of front; unfastening of ceiling. Photograph Credit: University of Chile (Dr. E. Kausel). (203) Earthquake of Dec. 20, 1967, Tocopilla, Chile. Collapse of block walls into bedroom. Photograph Credit: University of Chile (Dr. E. Kausel). May 16, 1968 Tokachi-oki, Japan (203-1) Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Damage to old house at Hakodate City. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-2) Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Severe damage to Hakodate University building; basement collapsed. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-3) Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Tsunami damage to houses after collapse of quay wall at Hakodate City. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-4) Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Column damage at Masawa High School, Masawa City. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-5) Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Cracks in highway accompanied gushing of sand and sea water at Hakodate City. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-6)* Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Embankment break at Mutsu City, owing to tsunami. Person at right was swept away. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency. (203-7)* Earthquake of May 16, 1968, Tokachi-oki, Japan. Tsunami sweeps into Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture. Photograph Credit: Japan Meteorological Agency (Mr. Numazato). Aug. 31, 1968 Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran (204) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Typical domed house in eastern Iran, split by fissures crossing Salaiani. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (205)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. 80-90% damage at small village east of Khezizi. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (206)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Damage to village of Miami. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (207) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Building walls collapsed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208)* Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Aerial view of damaged area. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-1) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Two views of totally destroyed school in Meinhaj (Beinabach). (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-2) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Two views of the well-designed, but severely damaged Muslim shrine on the outskirts of Khak. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-3) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Aerial view of the destruction of Khak. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-4) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Remains of a well-designed deep well pump station, in the basin near Miamdasht. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. ![Remains of a well-designed deep well pump station, in the basin near Miamdasht.](page_153_370_495_246.png) (208-5) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Only rubble and a few walls are left in a small settlement east of Miami. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-6) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Bulldozers clear the destroyed section of Khezri. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-7) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Severe exterior wall cracks developed in the Police Academy in Khezri. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-8) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. View of large fissures in a cemetery east of Salaianfi. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-9) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Horizontal offset of mud wall fence crossing fault near Buzkabad, looking south. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-10) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Aerial view of main fault in foreground and secondary fault in background, near Buzkabad, looking northeast. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-11) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Fault trace near Buzkabad, looking east. From 2 to 3 m of vertical movement includes slumping along the slope. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-12) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Exterior wall damage to single-story building in Firdous. Well-designed building with steel beams. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (208-13) Earthquake of Aug. 31, 1968, Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran. Exterior walls fell from 2-story building in Firdous. Note that floor of second story, center unit, dropped about 10 inches (20.6 cm). Well-designed building with steel beams. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Oct. 14, 1968 Meckering, Australia (208-14) Earthquake of Oct. 14, 1968, Meckering, Australia. Collapse of small building. (Color). Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley (Dr. Bruce Bolt). (208-15) Earthquake of Oct. 14, 1968, Meckering, Australia. Aerial view of a railroad crossing surface rupture. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley (Dr. Bruce Bolt). May 23, 1970 Denver, CO. (208-16) Earthquake of May 23, 1970, Denver, CO. Brick front fell from building. Photograph Credit: The Denver Post. May 31, 1970 Peru (209) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. The slide of ice, mud, boulders, and debris took 5 minutes to bury Ranrahirca, destroying town for second time in its history. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (210) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Two views of damage to paved Rio Culebras bridge near coastal Huarmey. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (211) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Hotel Monterrey, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Huaras on thinner alluvium, sustained only minor structural damage. Huaras, in contrast, was virtually destroyed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (212) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Aerial view of Yungay area before earthquake and avalanche. Photograph Credit: Servicio Aerofotografico Nacional, Peru. (213) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Chimate. Aerial view of damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (214) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Two views of damage to dwellings in Callejon de Huaylas. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (214-1) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Two views of dwelling damage in Callejon de Huaylas. Roofs and walls collapsed. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (214-2) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Roof collapse in Callejon de Huaylas. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (214-3) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Buildings collapsed on parked cars in Callejon de Huaylas. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (214-4) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Aerial view of damage in Callejon de Huaylas. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (215) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Cemetery at Caras; tombs shaken to rubble and coffins thrown from niches. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (216) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Aerial view of Yungay area after avalanche. Photograph Credit: Servicio Aerofotografico Nacional, Peru. (217) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Huge crack in highway. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (218) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Structural damage to exterior walls of building. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (219) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Landslide. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (220) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Overturned bus on top of debris avalanche at side of former Plaza de Armas, Yungay. Depth of debris avalanche here is about 15 feet (4.6 m). Photograph Credit: USGS. (221) Earthquake of May 31, 1970, Peru. Aerial view showing mountain range including Nevado Huascarán, highest peak in Peru. Massive avalanche of ice and rock debris triggered on north peak. Buried towns of Yungay and Ranrahirca, killing more than 20,000 people - about 30% of total death toll. Avalanche started with sliding of mass of glacial ice and rock about 3,000 (910 m) feet wide and 1 mile long that swept downslope about 9 miles (14.4 km) to Yungay at average speed of over 100 miles (160 km) an hour. Ice picked up morainal material; by the time mass reached Yungay, it is estimated to have consisted of about 80 million cubic feet (2.3 million m^3) of water, mud, and rocks. Photograph Credit: Servicio Aerofotografico Nacional. For permission to publish this photograph, please contact Wil J. Dooley, Chief, Visual Services Section, USGS. Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando, CA. All photographs published in San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971, vols. I-III, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Washington, DC, 1973, are available. (222) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Sylmar. Damaged reinforced concrete ambulance port. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (223) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Damage to new Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, Sylmar. Notice collapsed basement substructure and damaged first-floor column. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (224) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Sylmar. Damaged parking shelter. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (225) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Slumping at edge of steep-walled canyon near Sylmar at north edge of VA Hospital complex. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (226) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Two views of damage to Olive View Hospital, Sylmar. Collapsed stair towers of Medical Treatment and Care Unit. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (227) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Damaged unreinforced concrete wall on VA grounds near Sylmar. Unit 3, east elevation. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (228) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Carl Stepp surveys highway damage. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (229) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Southern Pacific Railroad tracks near Juvenile Home, Sylmar. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (230) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Two views of collapse of concrete facing and earthen crest of the Lower San Fernando Dam which resulted in a near tragedy and evacuation of 80,000 people. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (230-1) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Two views of collapse of lower San Fernando Dam. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (230-2) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Van Norman Dam. (Color). Photograph Credit: Seed. (231) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Lower San Fernando Dam near collapse. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (232) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Distortion in supporting column of freeway overpass. Closeup of exterior spiral column. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. ![Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Two views of collapse of concrete facing and earthen crest of the Lower San Fernando Dam](page_1012_1042_495_246.png) 230-1 (232-1) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Freeway collapse. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (232-2) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Aerial view of collapsed overpass connecting Foothills Ave. with Golden State Freeway. Photograph Credit: USGS. (232-3) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Collapse of triple-level overpass. Photograph Credit: Newhall Signal. (232-4) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Collapse of freeway overpass under construction. Photograph Credit: J.R. Evans. (232-5) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Aerial views of freeway collapse. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (232-6) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Freeway collapse. Photograph Credit: California Division of Highways. (233) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, Wing D; stair tower overturned. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (234) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, main entrance of Wing A, west side. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (235) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, west end of Wing B. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (236) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Closeup of Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, main entrance of Wing A, west side. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (237) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Ground crack at base of tank. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (238) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, collapse on first floor. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (239) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Olive View Hospital, Medical Treatment and Care Unit, Wing D, where stair tower overturned. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (240) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Column failures on Golden State-Foothill Freeway interchange. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (241) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Two views of damage at the Sylmar Converter Station. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (242) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Collapse of Lower San Fernando Dam. (Color). Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (242-1) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Thrust fracture and uplifted sidewalk slab on Montero St., north of Foothills Nursing Home. Photograph Credit: USGS. (242-2) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Collapse of brick porch. Photograph Credit: R.D. Adams. (242-3) Earthquake of Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando, CA. Damage to private house near San Fernando, between VA Hospital and Olive View. Photograph Credit: Los Angeles Dept. of Building and Safety. Apr. 10, 1972 Ghir, Iran (243) Earthquake of Apr. 10, 1972, Ghir, Iran. Destroyed buildings. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (243-1) Earthquake of Apr. 10, 1972, Ghir, Iran. Collapsed masonry building. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley (Dr. McEvilly). (243-2) Earthquake of Apr. 10, 1972, Ghir, Iran. Brick building collapsed; walls severely damaged on adjacent building. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley (Dr. McEvilly). Dec. 23, 1972 Managua, Nicaragua (244) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Collapsed building. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (244-1) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Cracked and leaning interior column. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-2) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Damaged Pepsi-Cola Building; glass front shattered and bent frame structure. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-3)* Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. La Salud Building collapsed. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-4) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Firehouse collapsed. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-5) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Total collapse of Bond Warehouse. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-6) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Crumbled masonry wall of commercial building. (Color). Photograph Credit: H. Degenkolb. (244-7) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Damage to hollow clay tile walls of Judicial Building. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-8) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Bust of Ruben Dario fell off pedestal. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-9) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Night club roof fell in at Plaza de la Republica. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-10) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Exterior wall damage to La Protectora Building; view from northeast. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-11) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Exterior wall damage to Judicial Building; view from southwest. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-12) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Street scene in Taquezal. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-13) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Penthouse collapsed at Social Security Building. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-14) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Exterior view of walls at north end of San Sebastian Church. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-15) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Three-story reinforced concrete Customs House Office collapsed. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-16) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Collapsed ceiling in main lobby of Banco Central. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-17) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. View of roof and exterior wall damage at Lang Building. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-18) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Interior wall damage at Moravian Church. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-19) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. View of exterior wall damage to IBM Building. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-20) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. View of exterior wall damage to La Protectora Building. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. (244-21) Earthquake of Dec. 23, 1972, Managua, Nicaragua. Aerial view of area. Banco Central at left; Banco de America at right. Photograph Credit: EERI Managua Conference Proceedings. Feb. 21, 1973 Point Mugu, CA. (245) Earthquake of Feb. 21, 1973, Point Mugu, CA. Sea floor craters in Pt. Muqu submarine canyon were circular, about 3 to 5 feet (10-16.5 m) in diameter and 1 to 2 feet deep (3.3 to 6.6 m) with very steep sides. Fresh, loose soil and organisms in the crater indicated that they were of recent origin and probably related to the earthquake. Photograph Credit: Dames & Moore. Apr. 26, 1973 Hilo, HI. (246) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. House foundation collapse at Amauulu. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. (247) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Highway embankment landslide, Malia Gulch. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (248) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Damage to concrete block wall at Puueo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. (249) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Cesspool collapse, Puueo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. (250) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Federal Building, downtown Hilo. Interior damage. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (251) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Cleaning up after earthquake, downtown Hilo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (252) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Highway shoulder failure at Wainaku, north of Hilo. U.S. Senator Dan K. Inouye (in business suit). Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. (253) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Commercial building roof and wall collapse, downtown Hilo. U.S. Representative Patsy Mink in center. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. (254) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Pier 2, structural damage to wharf, Hilo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Civil Defense. ![Photograph of commercial building roof and wall collapse, downtown Hilo](page_1012_1042_484_312.png) (255) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Clearing debris at commercial building, downtown Hilo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (256) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Embankment and wall collapse in Hilo area. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (257) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Typical damage to store fronts, downtown Hilo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (258) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Typewriter Center, downtown Hilo. Interior damage. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (259) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Rock wall tumbled over on small trees in Hilo area. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (260) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Cracks in Hilo street. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (261) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Street slumped in Hilo. Photograph Credit: Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (261-1) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Interior damage on ground floor of 10-story building. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (261-2) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Damage to entrance of 10-story building. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (261-3) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Damaged wall of apartment garage. Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). (261-4) Earthquake of Apr. 26, 1973, Hilo, HI. Car crushed by fallen lanai (2 views). Photograph Credit: USGS (B.J. Morrill). Aug. 28, 1973 Veracruz, Mexico (261-5) Earthquake of Aug. 28, 1973, Veracruz, Mexico. Exterior damage to unreinforced masonry end walls of lower floors, Trueba Hotel, Orizaba. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Architecture and Construction (J.F. Meehan). (261-6) Earthquake of Aug. 28, 1973, Veracruz, Mexico. Three views of partially collapsed Technologico School, Orizaba. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Architecture and Construction (J.F. Meehan). (261-7) Earthquake of Aug. 28, 1973, Veracruz, Mexico. Collapse of 3-story Packard Apartment Building, Orizaba. Ten people were killed. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Architecture and Construction (J.F. Meehan). (261-8) Earthquake of Aug. 28, 1973, Veracruz, Mexico. Two-story Madero School sustained severe damage, Ciudad Serdan. Built in 1955; heavy damage largely in longitudinal direction of wings. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Architecture and Construction (J.F. Meehan). Nov. 30, 1973 Eastern Tennessee (262) Earthquake of Nov. 30, 1973, Eastern Tennessee. Leaning chimney, Maryville. Photograph Credit: USGS (S. Harding). ![Cracked pavement from earthquake vibrations, Maryville](page_104_104_627_312.png) (268) Earthquake of Nov. 30, 1973, Eastern Tennessee. Cracked pavement from earthquake vibrations, Maryville. Photograph Credit: USGS (S. Harding). Oct. 3, 1974 Lima, Peru (268-1) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. One-story classroom at Agricultural University. Sagging roof due to column failure. Note heavy roof structure on this concrete frame building. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-2) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Tied column failure in 1-story classroom at Agricultural University. Note closely spaced ties immediately below the beams which prevented complete failure at this level. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-3) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Two-story Student Union Building at Agricultural University. Note column studs above roof for planned two additional stories and leaning elevator shaft. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-4) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Leaning elevator shaft at Student Union Building, Agricultural University. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-5) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Landing in stairs from 2nd floor to present roof of Student Union, Agricultural University. All stairs in this story were damaged heavily. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-6) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Grain elevator in port area of Callao lost its headhouse. (Color). Photograph Credit: L.A. Wyllie, Jr. (268-7) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Collapsed headhouse of grain elevator, Callao. Dowels, or other methods of attachment, between headhouse and silos were not observed. (Color). Photograph Credit: James L. Stratta. (268-8) Earthquake of Oct. 3, 1974, Lima, Peru. Damaged wall at beach, apparently due to tsunami, Ancon. Witnesses reported that the tsunami broke against the wall and enough water splashed over the wall to reach beachfront buildings. (Color). Photograph Credit: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Dec. 28, 1974 Pakistan (268-9) Earthquake of Dec. 28, 1974, Pakistan. View of destruction in village of Pattan on the Karakorum Highway, Indus Valley. Photograph Credit: USGS. Mar. 27, 1975 Salt Lake City, UT. (268-10) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1975, Salt Lake City, UT. Two views of Utah Geological Survey employee measuring fissure found along north Salt Lake foothills. Photograph Credit: Deseret News. (268-11) Earthquake of Mar. 27, 1975, Salt Lake City, UT. View of broken window and fallen debris on main street, Malad City, Idaho. Photograph Credit: Deseret News. Aug. 1, 1975 Oroville, CA. (268-12) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Aerial view of Oroville Dam, near epicenter of earthquake. (Color). Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources. (268-13) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Oroville Grammar School sustained minor damage. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (268-14) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Exterior building cracks. Photograph Credit: Brian Stump. (268-15) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Two views of concrete building severely affected with estimated 90% damage. Building was on concrete slab foundation with concrete brick walls, no roof. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-16) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Same as 268-15. Small wooden building was not damaged. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-17) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Building sustained cracked mortar and brick. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-18) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Severely damaged concrete block building. One interior wall was severed at base and fell to west. Walls pulled to the west with gaps at corner. Two views. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-19) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Same as 268-18. Building located by Wyandote Creek. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-20) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Walls pulled to west with gaps and cracks at corner of severely damaged building. Most mortar and many bricks cracked. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-21) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Two views of structure at Moore, District Center Rd. Photograph Credit: State of California Dept. of Water Resources (P. Buchholz). (268-22) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Chimney collapsed on private residence. Photograph Credit: Brian Stump. (268-23) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Chimney rotated on private residence. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (268-24) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Several views of displaced headstones. Photograph Credit: Brian Stump. (268-25) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Items knocked from shelves in shoe store. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (268-26) Earthquake of Aug. 1, 1975, Oroville, CA. Landslide generated by earthquake. Photograph Credit: Brian Stump. Sept. 6, 1975 Turkey (268-27) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Aerial view of destruction at Lice. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-28) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Structural damage to residences at Lice. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-29) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. The police building in Lice. The lower story is very severely damaged. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-30) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Shear failure of the piers of the police building. The first story has compressed a couple of inches, as shown by the buckling of the window and door frames. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-31) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. In the west wall of the high school building, all lateral resisting elements are shattered. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-32) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Several brick chimneys fell through the roofs of the high school buildings. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-33) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Interior damage in the second high school building. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-34) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. The interior of a house with a collapsed roof in Lice. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-35) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Partial collapse of a more substantial building in Lice. (Color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-36) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. The remaining portion of a minaret in Lice. The separations between the blocks form an interesting spiral pattern. Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). (268-37) Earthquake of Sept. 6, 1975, Turkey. Two views of damage caused to the roofing tiles, apparently by amplified vertical vibration in the central areas of the horizontal roof spans between the vertical trusses. (One color). Photograph Credit: URS/John A. Blume & Associates (Peter I. Yanev). Miscellaneous Photographs (269) San Andreas fault, southern California. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (269-1) Aerial view of San Andreas fault. (Color). Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (269-2) Fault scarp near Lone Pine, CA. Photograph Credit: Univ. of California, Berkeley. (269-3) Looking southeastward along the strike of the Newport-Inglewood structural zone. Oil derricks of the Long Beach oil field in the foreground define limits of the Signal Hill anticline. Photograph Credit: Spence Collection, California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA. January 1931. (269-4) Oblique aerial photo taken looking southward across Inglewood Park cemetery and the future site of the Forum and Hollywood Park race track. Photograph Credit: Spence Collection, California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA. November 25, 1934. (269-5) Oblique aerial photo looking west toward the northeastern-facing slope of the Baldwin Hills which is a modified fault scarp. Photograph Credit: Spence Collection, California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA. February 1, 1939. (269-6) Looking northwestward along the Seal Beach fault from Landing Hill toward Signal Hill. The San Gabriel River flows across the eroded Seal Beach anticline and through the Seal Beach oil field. Photograph Credit: Spence Collection, California Div. of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, CA. October 14, 1941. (270) Southwest rift of Kilauea, HI. Photograph Credit: USGS. (271) No photo. (272) Aerial view of San Andreas rift zone from Hughes Lake to Lake Palmdale, CA. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. (273) Satellite view of North and South America. Photograph Credit: NASA. (274) Transamerica Building, San Francisco, CA. Example of earthquake-engineered structure. Photograph Credit: USGS. (275) Fault creep is revealed by sidewalk displacement, California. Photograph Credit: NOAA/EDS. Index to Photographs I. Earthquake Damage A. Buildings 1. General Building Damage: 20-1, 20-3, 20-4 thru 20-9, 25, 26, 28, 34, 35, 37-1, 48, 49, 50, 61, 61-12, 61-27, 61-28, 61-32, 61-34, 61-35, 61-41 thru 61-56, 67-10, 67-14, 67-18, 67-20, 67-21, 67-25, 67-26, 67-27, 67-38, 67-39, 67-41, 67-43, 67-45, 67-57 thru 67-62, 67-66, 67-68, 67-70, 67-90, 67-92, 67-98 thru 67-101, 67-103, 68-4, 68-7, 69-3, 69-10, 69-12, 71, 73, 84, 86-1, 86-4 thru 86-7, 86-9, 86-11, 86-13, 87-12, 104, 116-17, 118, 120, 121, 126, 128, 131 thru 134, 142, 144, 145, 147, 163, 165, 170, 171, 172, 173-1, 176, 183, 186, 200-1, 200-2, 200-4, 200-9, 200-10, 200-11, 208-4, 208-5, 208-6, 208-14, 208-16, 214-3, 214-4, 218, 243, 243-1, 243-2, 244, 244-1, 244-4, 244-6, 244-9, 244-10, 244-12, 244-13, 244-15, 244-16, 255, 257, 261-1, 261-2, 261-4, 268-6, 268-7, 268-9, 268-11, 268-14 thru 268-21, 268-25, 268-29, 268-30, 268-35, 268-37 2. High-Rise Building Damage Bahia del Mar (Caraballeda, Ven.): 199, 200 Cordova Building (Anchorage, AK): 124 Cypress Garden (Caracas, Ven.): 195, 196 Federal Building (Hilo, HI): 250 Four Seasons Apartment House (Anchorage, AK): 137 IBM Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-19 Mansion Charaima Apartment Building (Caracas, Ven.): 194 Macuto Sheraton (Caraballeda, Ven.): 187, 190, 191, 200-4 Mene Grande Building (Caracas, Ven.): 197, 198 San Bosco Building (Caracas, Ven.): 192, 193 San Jose Building (Caracas, Ven.): 189 Union Building (Caracas, Ven.): 188 3. Low-Rise Building Damage Alaskan Hotel (Valdez, AK): 150 Anchorage International Terminal (Alaska): 120 Arlington Hotel (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-6, 67-7 Bakersfield Hotel (CA): 86-3 Banco Central (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-16 Numbers after each entry refer to the numbers assigned to photographs listed in the main section of this catalog. I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) A. Buildings (Cont.) 3. Low-Rise Building Damage (Cont.) Bank of America Building (Long Beach, CA): 67-19 Baptist Church (Oakland, CA): 61-33 Benjamin Franklin Building (Santa Barbara, CA): 69-25, 69-27 Bennett Rice Mill (Charleston, SC): 35-2 Berg Hotel (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-11 Bond Warehouse (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-5 Brawley City Hall (Brawley, CA): 69-14 Call Building (San Francisco, CA): 47 Charleston College (Charleston, SC): 35-5 Charleston Medical College (Charleston, SC): 35-1 City Hall (Compton, CA): 67-69 City Hall (El Centro, CA): 69-13 City Hall (San Francisco, CA): 46 College Inn Market (Alaska): 185 Compton Mason Hall (CA): 67-67 Continental Bakery Building (Long Beach, CA): 67-23 Courthouse (San Leandro, CA): 20-1 Courthouse and Hall of Records (Santa Rosa, CA): 44 Culligan Ranch (Hebgen Lake area, MT): 104 Customs House Office (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-15 Delta Mercantile Company (El Centro, CA): 61-40 Denali Theatre (Anchorage, AK): 136 Dunlap Hotel (El Centrof CA): 69-9, 69-16 El Camino Real Hotel (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-10 Elks Club (Hollister, CA): 119-4, 119-5, 119-6 Ewell Theatre (Long Beach, CA): 67-36 Farmers & Merchants Bank (Gardena, CA): 74 First National Bank Building (Compton, CA): 67-77 Gardena Valley News Building (CA): 76 Grand Hotel (Yokohama, Japan): 61-53 I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) A. Buildings (Cont.) 3. Low-Rise Building Damage (Cont.) Guard House (Charleston, SC): 21 Helena County Poor Farm (MT): 68-5 Herald Building (Torrance, CA): 70, 72 Hibernian Hall (Charleston, SC): 27 Hotel Californian (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-12, 67-13 Hotel Inglewood (Inglewood, CA): 61-45 Hotel Monterrey (Peru): 211 Hotel Woodrow (Brawley, CA): 69-15 J.C. Penney Building (Anchorage, AK): 135 Juanita Hotel (Kern County, CA): 86-10 Judicial Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-7, 244-11 Kirkley's Market (Gardena, CA): 77 Lang Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-17 La Protectora Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-10, 244-20 La Salud Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-3 Lodge Hall (Tehachapi, CA): 81 Lynwood Theatre (Long Beach, CA): 67-22 Lyons Storage (Long Beach, CA): 67-24 Los Angeles Gas and Electric (Seal Beach, CA): 67-81 thru 67-87 Los Angeles Union Terminal Building (Long Beach, CA): 67-34, 67-35 Magnolia Apartment Building (Brawley, CA): 69-11 Marti's Store (Long Beach, CA): 67-30, 67-31 Matanuska Dairy Building (Fairbanks, AK): 186 Methodist Church (Three Forks, MT): 62 Moravian Church (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-18 Morgan Motor Company (Long Beach, CA): 67-97 Muslim Shrine (Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran): 208-2 National Biscuit Company (Helena, MT): 68-6 News Press Building (Santa Barbara, CA): 69-24 Olive View Hospital (Sylmar, CA): 222 thru 224, 226, 233 thru 236, 238, 239 Our Lady of Sorrow Church (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-16 Pacific Coast Club (Long Beach, CA): 67-33 I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) A. Buildings (Cont.) 3. Low-Rise Building Damage (Cont.) Packard Apartment Building (Orizaba, Mexico): 261-7 Packard Building (Long Beach, CA): 67-32 Palace Hotel (San Francisco, CA): 47 Pepsi-Cola Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-2 Point Reyes Hotel (San Francisco, CA): 61 Police Academy (Khezri, Iran): 208-7 Post Office Building (Moneta, CA): 69-28 Potter Theatre (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-15 Rush Chevrolet (Gardena, CA): 75 Saint Dominic's Church (San Francisco, CA): 61-7 Saint Mary's Hospital (Long Beach, CA): 67-56 Saint Michael's Church (Charleston, SC): 35-6 Saint Philip's Church (Charleston, SC): 35-4 San Marcos Building (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-4 San Sebastian Church (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-14 Santa Barbara County Courthouse (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-5 Santa Rosa City Hall (CA): 44-1 Scotch Cap Lighthouse (Unimak Island, AK): 79-16 Social Security Building (Managua, Nicaragua): 244-13 Stanford University buildings (Palo Alto, CA): 51 thru 57 State Armory (Helena, MT): 68-8 Stockwell Building (Compton, CA): 67-75 Trueba Hotel (Orizaba, Mexico): 261-5 Typewriter Center (Hilo, HI): 258 Union Pacific Dining Lodge (West Yellowstone, MT): 100 Unitarian Church (Charleston, SC): 35-3 Unitarian Church (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-3 Veterans Administration Hospital (Sylmar, CA): 227 Western Motor Transfer Building (Santa Barbara, CA): 67-1 4. Private Dwelling Damage: 20-2, 22, 29, 30, 31, 36-3, 39, 43, 60, 61-13, 61-16, 61-39, 67-42, 67-44, 67-46, 68-2, 68-3, 69-1, 69-2, 69-8, 69-20, 87-11, 130, 131, 142, 144, 145, 147, 155, 168, 169, 177, 181, 182, 200-13, 201, 202, 203, 203-1, 204 thru 207, 214, 214-1, 242-2, 242-3, 246, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268-22, 268-23, 268-28, 268-34 I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) A. Buildings (Cont.) 5. School Building Damage: 61-31, 63, 65, 67-8, 67-65, 68-4, 83, 86-1, 98, 99, 208-1, 268-31, 268-32, 268-33 Agricultural University (Lima, Peru): 268-1 thru 268-5 Alexander Hamilton Junior High School (Long Beach, CA): 67-53 Bureau of Indian Affairs School (Dulce, NM): 174, 175 Central Grammar School (Huntington Beach, CA): 67-64 Compton High School (CA): 67-72 thru 67-74 Compton Junior College (CA): 67-74 Compton Junior High School (CA): 67-71 Cummings Valley School (CA): 82 George Washington High School (Los Angeles, CA): 67-49 Government Hill School (Anchorage, AK): 122, 123 Hakodate University building (Tokachi-ok1, Japan): 203-2 Helena High School (MT): 69 Jefferson Junior High School (Long Beach, CA): 67-52 John Muir School (Long Beach, CA): 67-55 Madero School (Ciudad Serdan, Mexico): 261-8 Masawa High School (Masawa City, Japan): 203-4 Oroville Grammar School (CA): 268-13 Polytechnic High School (Long Beach, CA): 67-50, 67-51 Saint Anthony's School (Long Beach, CA): 67-48 Technologico School (Orizaba, Mexico): 261-6 West Yellowstone School (MT): 116-16 Whittier School (Long Beach, CA): 67-54 B. Damage to Specific Engineering Structural Elements 1. Ceilings: 120, 174, 191, 202, 244-16, 250, 253, 264 2. Chimneys (stacks, pillars): 31, 53, 61-46, 69-5, 69-6, 69-7, 100, 186, 262, 265, 266, 267, 267, 268-22, 268-23, 268-32 3. Columns: 67-19, 67-25, 67-30, 67-32, 67-34, 67-35, 69-16, 69-17, 69-18, 69-20, 69-27, 87-1, 119-4, 190, 193, 195, 196, 203-4, 223, 244-1, 268-1, 268-2 4. Elevators (shafts): 187, 268-3, 268-4 5. Foundations: 67-42, 69-2, 69-9, 69-20, 246 I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) B. Damage to Specific Engineering Structural Elements (Cont.) 6. Roofs: 30, 31, 61-4, 61-5, 61-22, 61-33, 67-3, 67-9, 67-14, 67-17, 67-26, 67-36, 67-40, 67-50, 67-51, 67-52, 67-53, 67-54, 67-69, 67-71, 67-72, 67-74, 67-80, 67-93, 68-7, 68-8, 69-13, 81, 86-8, 169, 200-12, 214-1, 214-2, 244-9, 244-17, 253, 268-1, 268-32, 268-34, 268-37 7. Stairs: 67-33, 87-12, 268-5 8. Tanks (water, oil): 61-41, 67-28, 67-29, 69-19, 69-21, 85, 86-2 9. Towers: 34, 35-4, 67-29, 67-102, 86-7, 200-6, 226, 233, 239, 268-36 10. Walls: 20-7, 35, 35-7, 61-4, 61-22, 61-42, 61-45, 67-2, 67-3, 67-6, 67-7, 67-9, 67-11 thru 67-14, 67-17, 67-23, 67-26, 67-30, 67-35, 67-36, 67-39, 67-40, 67-44, 67-47, 67-48, 67-50 thru 67-55, 67-61, 67-64, 67-65, 67-67, 67-69, 67-71, 67-72, 67-73, 67-81 thru 67-84, 67-89, 67-91, 67-92, 67-94, 67-95, 67-96, 68-2 thru 68-8, 69-4, 69-8, 69-9, 69-11, 69-14, 69-24, 69-28, 70 thru 78, 81, 86-8, 86-10, 87-12, 99, 119-6, 124, 171, 175, 176, 177, 182, 192, 200, 200-5, 200-7, 201, 202, 203, 207, 208-7, 208-12, 208-13, 214-1, 218, 227, 243-2, 244-6, 244-7, 244-10, 244-11, 244-14, 244-17 thru 244-20, 248, 250, 253, 259, 261-3, 261-5, 268-18, 268-19, 268-20, 268-31 C. Damage to Bridges' and Wharfs: 36-6, 61-26, 67-88, 79-4, 79-5, 79-8, 109, 166, 167, 180, 200-17, 210, 254 D. Damage to Tunnels and Culverts: 36-3, 86, 200-15 E. Ground Effects and Damage to Earthwork 1. Fills and excavations: 249 2. Landslides in natural deposits: 17, 18, 36-2, 61-23, 86-15, 87-10, 88, 97, 116-3, 116-4, 116-5, 116-9, 116-14, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 162-2 thru 162-6, 219, 256, 268-26 3. Cracks, fractures (in ground): 7, 8, 20, 36-1, 41, 61-1, 61-19, 64, 68-1, 87-2, 87-5, 87-10, 111, 129, 137, 151, 200-3, 204, 208-8, 237, 242-1, 252, 268-10 4. Displacement (subsidence, slumping): 1 thru 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 36-1, 39, 60, 61-2, 61-6, 61-10, 61-19, 87, 90, 110, 113, 116-6, 119, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 136, 143, 146, 148, 161, 165, 173, 208-11, 225, 249 5. Faults (scarsps): 20-10, 20-11, 59, 61-6, 61-20, 61-47, 68, 69-23, 87-3, 87-4, 103, 112, 115, 116, 116-7, 116-8, 152, 160, 208-10, 208-11, 208-15, 269, 269-1 thru 269-6, 272 6. Sand blows (craterlets): 11, 12, 13, 33, 36-4, 67-79, 245 7. Earthflows: 61-15, 61-17, 61-21, 102, 103, 111, 115, 116, 209 F. Damage to Dams and Related Structures Earth and rock-fill dams: 107, 108, 114, 116-10, 230, 230-1, 230-2, 231, 242 I. Earthquake Damage (Cont.) G. Damage to Harbor and Coastal Works 1. Damage due to tsunamis and seiches: 79, 79-1, 79-4 thru 79-16, 86-16 thru 86-30, 87-6 thru 87-9, 119-1, 119-2, 119-3, 154 thru 159, 159-1, 162, 162-1, 162-7, 162-8, 162-9, 203-3, 203-5, 203-6, 203-7, 268-8 2. Waves from landslides: 89, 116-11, 116-12, 116-13 H. Miscellaneous Earthquake Damage 1. Streets and Highways (overpasses): 61-15, 61-17, 200-8, 232, 232-1 thru 232-6, 240 Cracks: 67-78, 101, 178, 179, 200-16, 203-5, 217, 252, 260, 261 Slides on: 247 Slumping (displacement): 41-1, 61-8, 61-11, 92 thru 96, 113, 116-1, 116-2, 116-6, 116-15, 143, 146, 164, 173, 228, 261 2. Railroads (trains, tracks): 23, 24, 32, 36-5, 61, 61-9, 61-14, 66, 67, 79-5, 79-8, 80, 86-12, 173-2, 229 3. Airports: 120 4. Telephone and telegraph systems (including submarine cables, electrical transmission facilities; municipal gas, electrical, and sewage systems): 61-18, 61-38, 67-14, 67-81 thru 67-87, 86-14, 241 5. Oil wells, pipelines, etc: 42, 180-1 6. Fences, trees, bushes (offset or damaged): 16, 19, 20-12, 58, 61-24, 61-29, 61-30, 61-36, 61-37, 69-22, 105, 106, 208-9 7. Street lamps, signs, tombstones, etc: 69-26, 200-14, 244-8, 268-24 I. Damage from Fires Following Earthquakes: 38, 40, 47, 61-9, 61-28, 61-40, 67-18 J. Effects on Glaciers: 162-2 thru 162-6 II. Aerial Views Agadir, Morocco: 117 Callejon de Huaylas, Peru: 214-4 Chimate, Peru: 213 Dasht-i-Biaz, Iran: 208, 208-10 Disenchantment Bay, AK: 37 Hawaii Island, HI: 79-5, 119-3 Helena, MT: 69-3 Khak, Iran: 208-3 Lice, Turkey: 268-27 Lituya Bay area, AK: 88, 91 Managua, Nicaragua: 244-21 II. Aerial Views (Cont.) Meckering, Australia: 208-15 Mount Carmel, UT, area: 61-47 Niigata, Japan: 165 North and South America (satellite view): 273 Oroville Dam (Oroville, CA): 268-12 San Andreas rift zone, CA: 269, 269-1, 272 San Fernando, CA: 232-2, 232-5 San Francisco, CA: 38-1 Seward Highway area, AK: 153 Sherman Glacier, AK: 162-6 Turnagain Heights, AK: 138 Yungay, Peru, area: 212, 216, 221 III. Human Interest Photographs: 36, 45, 61-3, 61-25, 61-57, 67-104, 67-105, 67-106, 67-107, 79, 112, 119, 251, 263, 274 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location ALASKA Anchorage: 120 thru 148 College: 185 Fairbanks: 183, 184, 186 Kodiak: 159-1 Lituya Bay: 88, 89, 91 Macleod Harbor: 161 Montague Island: 152, 160 Portage: 149 Seward: 149, 153 thru 159 Sherman Glacier: 162-2 thru 162-6 Shoup Bay: 162 Unimak Island: 79-16, 79-17 Valdez: 150, 151 Whittier: 162-1 Yakutat: 37, 90 ARKANSAS Blytheville: 11, 12 Lake City: 9 Lake Saint Francis: 10 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location (Cont.) ARKANSAS (Cont.) Marked Tree: 7, 8 AUSTRALIA Meckering: 208-14, 208-15 CALIFORNIA Arvin: 86-14 Bakersfield: 86-2 thru 86-8 Bealville: 80, 86-12 Berkeley: 69-4 thru 69-7 Bolinas Bay area: 61-1, 61-36 Brawley: 69-8, 69-11, 69-12, 69-14, 69-15, 69-18, 69-20 Calexico: 61-41 Crescent City: 162-7 thru 162-9 Compton: 67-44, 67-66 thru 67-78 Daly City: 87-11, 87-12 El Centro: 61-40, 69-9, 69-10, 69-13, 69-16, 69-17, 69-22, 69-23 Gardena: 74 thru 78 Hayward: 20-2 thru 20-6, 20-8, 20-10 Hollister: 119-4 thru 119-6 Holtville: 69-19, 69-21 Huntington Beach: 67-64, 67-65 Inglewood: 61-44, 61-45 Kern County: 82 thru 86, 86-1, 86-9 thru 86-11, 86-15 Long Beach: 67-17 thru 67-43, 67-45 thru 67-48, 67-50 thru 67-62, 67-89 thru 67-107 Los Angeles: 67-49 Moneta: 69-28 Oakland: 61-33 Olema: 59, 61-37 Oroville: 268-12 thru 268-26 Owens Valley: 20-12 Palo Alto: 45, 48 thru 57 Parkfield: 178 thru 180, 180-1 Point Mugu: 245 Point Reyes Station: 61, 61-6, 61-20 San Fernando: 228, 230, 230-1, 230-2, 231, 232, 232-1 thru 232-6, 240, 242, 242-1 thru 242-3 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location (Cont.) CALIFORNIA (Cont.) San Francisco: 20-7, 38, 38-1, 39 thru 41, 41-1, 42, 46 thru 47, 60, 61-2 thru 61-5, 61-7 thru 61-19, 61-22 thru 61-30, 61-32, 61-39, 87-10 San Jacinto: 61-42, 61-43 San Jose: 61-31 San Leandro: 20-1 San Mateo: 61-34 San Pedro: 67-80 Santa Barbara: 67-1 thru 67-16, 69-24 thru 69-27 Santa Rosa: 44, 44-1, 61-35 Seal Beach: 67-79, 67-81 thru 67-88 Sylmar: 222 thru 227, 229, 233 thru 239, 241 Tehachapi: 81, 86-13 Tomales Bay: 61-21 Torrance: 70 thru 73 Woodville: 58 Wrights Station area: 43 CHILE Catalina: 181 Puerto Montt: 119 Taltal: 182 Tocopilla: 201 thru 203 COLORADO Denver: 200-8 thru 200-11, 208-16 HAWAII Amauulu: 246 Hawaii Island: 79, 79-1 thru 79-15, 87-7 thru 87-9 Hilo: 86-24, 86-25, 86-27, 86-28, 119-1 thru 119-3, 250, 251, 253 thru 261, 261-1 thru 261-4 Kahului, Maui: 86-29 Malia Gulch: 247 Naska: 86-26, 86-30 Puueo: 248, 249 Sprecklesville, Maui: 86-23 Wailua Bay: 87-6 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location (Cont.) HAWAII (Cont.) Wainaku: 252 IDAHO Malad City: 268-11 INDIA Bazar: 37-1 Koyna: 200-12 thru 200-17 Rangpur: 36-6 Rowmare: 36-4 IRAN Buzkabad: 208-9 thru 208-11 Dasht-i-Biaz: 207, 208 Firdous: 208-12, 208-13 Ghir: 243, 243-1, 243-2 Khak: 208-1, 208-3 Khezizi: 205 Khezri: 208-6, 208-7 Meinhaj: 208-1 Miami: 206, 208-4, 208-5 Salaiani: 204, 208-8 JAPAN Hakodate City: 203-1 thru 203-3, 203-5 Masawa City: 203-4 Miyako Bay: 203-7 Mutsu City: 203-6 Nagoya: 36-1 thru 36-3 Niigata: 163 thru 166 Tokyo: 61-51, 61-52 Yokohama: 61-48 thru 61-50, 61-53 thru 61-57 MEXICO Cuidad Serdan: 261-8 Orizaba: 261-5 thru 261-7 MISSOURI Caruthersville: 13 Kennett: 1 thru 6 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location (Cont.) MISSOURI (Cont.) Saint Francis River area: 20 MIDWAY ISLANDS: 86-16 thru 86-22 MONTANA Grayling Creek: 109 Hebgen Lake: 92 thru 97, 101 thru 108, 110 thru 116, 116-1 thru 116-15, 116-17 Helena: 68-2 thru 68-8, 69, 69-1 thru 69-3 Lombard: 64, 66, 67 Manhattan: 65 Three Forks: 62, 63 West Yellowstone: 98 thru 100, 116-16 MOROCCO Agadir: 117, 118 NEVADA Fairview Peak: 87, 87-1 thru 87-5 NEW MEXICO Dulce: 174 thru 177 NICARAGUA Managua: 244, 244-1 thru 244-21 PAKISTAN Pattan: 268-9 PERU Ancon: 268-8 Callao: 268-6, 268-7 Callejon de Huaylas: 214, 214-1 thru 214-4 Caras: 215 Chimate: 213 Huaras: 211 Huarmey: 210 Lima: 268-1 thru 268-5 Ranrahirca: 209 Yungay: 212, 216, 220 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston: 21, 24 thru 31, 34, 35, 35-1 thru 35-7, 36 IV. Damage (All Types) by Location (Cont.) SOUTH CAROLINA (Cont.) Lincolnville: 22 Rantowles: 23 Ten Mile Hill: 32, 33 TENNESSEE Alcoa: 264, 267 Carpenter Camp Ground: 265 Chickasaw Bluffs: 17 thru 19 Maryville: 262, 263, 266, 268 Reelfoot Lake: 14 thru 16 TURKEY Lice: 268-27 thru 268-37 UTAH Elsinore: 61-46 Kosmo: 68, 68-1 Mt. Carmel: 61-47 Salt Lake City: 268-10 VENEZUELA Caraballeda: 187, 190, 191, 199, 200, 200-1, 200-3, 200-4 Caracas: 188, 189, 192 thru 198, 200-2, 200-5 thru 200-7 WASHINGTON Seattle: 167 thru 171, 173, 173-1, 173-2 Tacoma: 172