Details:

Personal Author:
Lorenc, Andrew C.
Corporate Authors:
National Meteorological Center (U.S.)
NOAA Program & Office:
NWS (National Weather Service) ; NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction)
NWS (National Weather Service) ; NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) Less -
Description:
"Some practical problems in objective' analysis for numerical weather prediction are best solved by using non-linear analysis equations. They include the utilization of non-linear prior constraints on the analysis, and the use of observations which are non-linearly related to the analysis parameters, or which have non-Gaussian error distributions. Bayesian methods are used to derive equations for the optimal (maximum likelihood) non-linear analysis. It is shown how to incorporate a strong constraint that the four-dimensional evolution of the analysis should be consistent with a NWP model, by reduction of the control variable to the space-dimensioned initial field for the model. The iterative solution of the non-linear analysis equation then involves the integration of the NWP model, and its adjoint. The behavior of the non-linear equations is demonstrated with a simple one-dimensional shallow-water model. It is shown that time-tendency information, and indirect observations such as wind speed, or the movement of a tracer, can be used in the analysis. The resulting forecasts are better than those made from an analysis from a traditional analysis-forecast cycle. The non-linear method is shown to be capable of "moving" a discontinuity similar to a front, to fit observations defining its position, thus giving an analysis with more detail than would be expected from the spatial resolution of the observations. The incorporation of additional non-linear constraints. such as that used in initialization, is demonstrated. The method can be used to effectively reject observations with gross errors, by specifying a non-Gaussian error distribution. However this generates multiple minimal which complicate the search for the best analysis, so the complex decision taking algorithms associated with other methods of quality control are not avoided. The convergence properties of iterative methods of solution. and approximations to the ideal equations, are studied, in order to provide some indication as to whether the non-linear effects might be allowed for in a practical analysis scheme"--Summary.
Content Notes:
Andrew C. Lorenc

"November 1986."

"This is an unreviewed manuscript, primarily intended for informal exchange of information among NMC staff members."

System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 24-25).


Keywords:
[+]
Long-range Weather Forecasting Mathematical Models Numerical Analysis Numerical Weather Forecasting Weather Forecasting
Series:
Office note (National Centers for Environmental Prediction (U.S.)) ; 324
Document Type:
Office Note
Place as Subject:
United States
Rights Information:
Public Domain
Compliance:
Library
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:fb645830ce4c856f4eeac92904b64e258df675b43414f64118e66ce9905a0713
Download URL:
https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/11487/noaa_11487_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

• No Additional Files

More +