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Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)

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This collection includes documents from NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. All included documents have been either written by OAR staff or funded through OAR programs and grants. Included are documents, reports, and other materials.

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Showing 22381 - 22400 of 24100 results
  • Using groundbased lidar data to investigate the watervapor budget in the daytime atmospheric boundary layer
    Using ground-based lidar data to investigate the water–vapor budget in the daytime atmospheric boundary layer
    Lange, Diego ;
    Behrendt, Andreas
    2025 | Bulletin of Atmospheric Science and Technology, 6(1) | pdf
    The moisture advection term in the water–vapor budget equation is investigated with a combination of a vertically-staring water–vapor lidar and Doppler lidar systems. These instruments make it possible to get the mean profile of moisture tendency and the latent heat flux (LHF) divergence. We use data of the Land–Atmosphere Feedback Experiment (LAFE ...
  • Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the StratosphereToTroposphere Transport of Ozone
    Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the Stratosphere‐To‐Troposphere Transport of Ozone
    Lee, Jaewon ;
    Butler, Amy H.
    2025 | Geophysical Research Letters, 52(2) | pdf
    Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can significantly impact tropospheric weather systems. Previous studies suggest that SSWs may also influence stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT), but their spatial and temporal distribution and mechanisms are not fully understood. The complex relationships between SSWs and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillatio ...
  • Does It Matter to the Climate If Trade Cumulus Clouds Cluster
    Does It Matter to the Climate If Trade Cumulus Clouds Cluster?
    McCoy, Isabel L.
    ORCID ICON IMG
    2025 | Geophysical Research Letters, 52(11) | pdf
    Low, marine clouds cool the Earth system, reflecting sunlight back to space. Low cloud response to environmental change is a key uncertainty in future climate projections. It is especially uncertain how much warming amplification will occur due to tropical cumulus feedback. A potentially important feedback modulator is the ability for cumulus to cl ...
  • Fire Intensity and spRead forecAst FIRA A Machine Learning Based Fire Spread Prediction Model for Air Quality Forecasting Application
    Fire Intensity and spRead forecAst (FIRA): A Machine Learning Based Fire Spread Prediction Model for Air Quality Forecasting Application
    Hung, Wei‐Ting ;
    Baker, Barry
    2025 | GeoHealth, 9(3) | pdf
    Fire activities introduce hazardous impacts on the environment and public health by emitting various chemical species into the atmosphere. Most operational air quality forecast (AQF) models estimate smoke emissions based on the latest available satellite fire products, which may not represent real‐time fire behaviors without considering fire spread ...
  • Indications of improved seasonal sea level forecasts for the United States Gulf Coast and East Coast using ocean dynamic persistence
    Indications of improved seasonal sea level forecasts for the United States Gulf Coast and East Coast using ocean dynamic persistence
    Feng, Xue ;
    Widlansky, Matthew J.
    2025 | Ocean Science, 21(4), 1663-1676 | pdf
    Forecasting seasonal sea levels along many coasts remains challenging, with generally lower skills than forecasts for the open oceans. We investigate the influence of ocean dynamics on forecasting monthly sea level anomalies for the United States Gulf Coast and East Coast using the Estimating Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) system, whic ...
  • Trends and Variability in Earths Energy Imbalance and Ocean Heat Uptake Since 2005
    Trends and Variability in Earth’s Energy Imbalance and Ocean Heat Uptake Since 2005
    Hakuba, Maria Z. ;
    Fourest, Sébastien
    2024 | Surveys in Geophysics (2024) | PDF
    Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) is a fundamental metric of global Earth system change, quantifying the cumulative impact of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings and feedback. To date, the most precise measurements of EEI change are obtained through radiometric observations at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), while the quantification of EEI a ...
  • Revisiting the multidecadal variability of North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate
    Revisiting the multidecadal variability of North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate
    Mishonov, Alexey ;
    Seidov, Dan
    2024 | Frontiers in Marine Science, 11 | PDF
    The World Ocean’s surface, particularly in the North Atlantic, has been heating up for decades. There was concern that the thermohaline circulation and essential climate variables, such as the temperature and salinity of seawater, could undergo substantial changes in response to this surface warming. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ...
  • North Atlantic Heat Transport Convergence Derived from a Regional Energy Budget Using Different Ocean Heat Content Estimates
    North Atlantic Heat Transport Convergence Derived from a Regional Energy Budget Using Different Ocean Heat Content Estimates
    Meyssignac, B. ;
    Fourest, S.
    2024 | PMEL Contribution No. 5573 | PDF
    This study uses an oceanic energy budget to estimate the ocean heat transport convergence in the North Atlantic during 2005–2018. The horizontal convergence of the ocean heat transport is estimated using ocean heat content tendency primarily derived from satellite altimetry combined with space gravimetry. The net surface energy fluxes are inferred ...
  • Bias Evaluation for Sensorbased Dissolved Oxygen from CTD and Profiling Floats in the World Ocean Database
    Bias Evaluation for Sensor-based Dissolved Oxygen from CTD and Profiling Floats in the World Ocean Database
    Wang, Zhankun ;
    Garcia, Hernan E.
    2025 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (2025) | pdf
    Sensor-based O2 measurements in the ocean have become the dominant data source for in situ O2 since 2010. We examine the overall quality of the shipborne conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD)- and Argo-measured O2 in the World Ocean Database (WOD) and evaluate biases by comparing them to independently-measured reference bottle-sampled profiles. No s ...
  • Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins
    Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins
    Jiang, Li-Qing ;
    Boyer, Tim P.
    2024 | Earth System Science Data, 16(7), 3383-3390 | PDF
    Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic a ...
  • Genetic stock structure of common bottlenose dolphins in Mobile Bay Perdido Bay and the adjacent coastal waters of Alabama
    Genetic stock structure of common bottlenose dolphins in Mobile Bay, Perdido Bay, and the adjacent coastal waters of Alabama
    Wilcox Talbot, Lynsey A. ;
    Paterson, Corinne N.
    2025 | Southeast Fisheries Science Center reference document ; MMTD-2025-05 | pdf
    A recent photo-identification study of dolphins in Mobile Bay and Perdido Bay, AL revealed differing residency patterns between the two BSEs with higher residency in the smaller, enclosed Perdido Bay in contrast to lower residency and potentially higher occurrence of transient dolphins in the larger, semi-open Mobile Bay (Bouveroux et al. 2025). Th ...
  • Designing usercentered decision support systems for climate disasters What information do communities and rescue responders need during floods
    Designing user-centered decision support systems for climate disasters: What information do communities and rescue responders need during floods?
    Hillin, Julia ;
    Alizadeh, Bahareh
    2024 | Journal of Emergency Management, 22(7), 71-85 | PDF
    Flooding events are the most common natural hazard globally, resulting in vast destruction and loss of life. An effective flood emergency response is necessary to lessen the negative impacts of flood disasters. However, disaster management and response efforts face a complex scenario. Simultaneously, regular citizens attempt to navigate the various ...
  • Cascadia Subduction Zone Tsunamis Hazard Mapping At Yaquina Bay Oregon
    Cascadia Subduction Zone Tsunamis: Hazard Mapping At Yaquina Bay, Oregon
    Priest, George R. ;
    Myers, Edward
    1997
    Yaquina Bay in Newport, Oregon was explored by simulating fault ruptures and resulting tsunamis. Flooding from most scenario tsunamis is modest, because of protection by large jetties and sand dunes. However, a worst case tsunami reaches elevations of 35 feet at the open coast and floods all lowlands 1.5 miles inland. Flooding from scenario tsunami ...
  • Advanced Sea Ice Modeling for ShortTerm Forecasting for Alaskas Coasts
    Advanced Sea Ice Modeling for Short-Term Forecasting for Alaska’s Coasts
    Fujisaki-Manome, Ayumi ;
    Hu, Haoguo
    2024 | Weather and Forecasting, 39(5), 793-806 | PDF
    In Alaska’s coastal environment, accurate information of sea ice conditions is desired by operational forecasters, emergency managers, and responders. Complicated interactions among atmosphere, waves, ocean circulation, and sea ice collectively impact the ice conditions, intensity of storm surges, and flooding, making accurate predictions challengi ...
  • Assessment of potential tsunami impact for Pearl Harbor Hawaii
    Assessment of potential tsunami impact for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
    Tang, Liujuan ;
    Chamberlin, C.
    2006 | NOAA technical memorandum OAR PMEL ; 131
    No Description
  • Extant Earthly Microbial Mats and Microbialites as Models for Exploration of Life in Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds
    Extant Earthly Microbial Mats and Microbialites as Models for Exploration of Life in Extraterrestrial Mat Worlds
    Biddanda, Bopaiah ;
    Weinke, Anthony
    2021 | Life, 11(9), 883
    As we expand the search for life beyond Earth, a water-dominated planet, we turn our eyes to other aquatic worlds. Microbial life found in Earth’s many extreme habitats are considered useful analogs to life forms we are likely to find in extraterrestrial bodies of water. Modern-day benthic microbial mats inhabiting the low-oxygen, high-sulfur subme ...
    Supporting Files
  • A multimodel approach to understanding the role of Pacific sardine in the California Current food web
    A multi-model approach to understanding the role of Pacific sardine in the California Current food web
    Kaplan, IC ;
    Francis, TB
    2019 | Marine Ecology Progress Series, 617-618, 307-321 | PDF
    We develop a multi-model approach to explore how abundance of a forage fish (Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax) impacts the ecosystem and predators in the California Current, a region where sardine and anchovy Engraulis mordax have recently declined to less than 10% of contemporary peak abundances. We developed or improved applications of 3 ecosystem ...
  • Evaluation of soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity across the US Climate Reference Network using two electromagnetic sensors
    Evaluation of soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity across the U.S. Climate Reference Network using two electromagnetic sensors
    Wilson, Timothy B. ;
    Kochendorfer, John
    2024 | Vadose Zone Journal, 23(4) | PDF
    Soil bulk electrical conductivity (BEC) was evaluated alongside soil volumetric water content (VWC) and soil temperature measurements using the HydraProbe (model HydraProbe, Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.) (hereafter called HP) with accuracy range of BEC ≤ 0.3 S m−1, and the time domain reflectometry (TDR)‐315L Probe (model TDR‐315L, Acclim ...
  • The Influence of Drought on Heat Wave Intensity Duration and Exposure
    The Influence of Drought on Heat Wave Intensity, Duration, and Exposure
    Leeper, Ronald D. ;
    Harrington, Tyler
    2025 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 64(5), 425-438 | PDF
    The societal risks posed by heat waves can be reinforced and magnified during drought conditions. To explore this further in the United States, heat waves and drought events were defined at U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations using daily maximum air temperature and weekly time series of the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). Standardized air ...
  • Evaluating time domain reflectometry and coaxial impedance sensors for soil observations by the US Climate Reference Network
    Evaluating time domain reflectometry and coaxial impedance sensors for soil observations by the U.S. Climate Reference Network
    Wilson, Timothy B. ;
    Diamond, Howard J.
    2020 | Vadose Zone J. 2020; 19:e20013
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two commercial-grade electromagnetic sensors in measuring soil water content for the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN). One sensor was a 50-MHz coaxial impedance dielectric sensor (model HydraProbe, Stevens Water Monitoring Systems). The second sensor was a 1-GHz time domain reflec ...
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