Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
This collection provides access to documents from the Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) describing research conducted or sponsored by NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program, mainly in U.S. states, territories and remote areas of the Pacific Ocean. It includes data reports, technical memorandums, technical reports, training manuals, and other documents that cover coral reef management and stewardship, coral reef monitoring, and outreach and education projects and activities.
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- 1995 1
- 1994 2
- 1992 3
- 1991 4
- 1990 1
- 1989 1
- 1988 1
- 1986 3
- 1985 1
- 1982 1
- 1981 1
- 1979 1
- 1978 1
NOAA Program & Office
- AFSC (Alaska Fisheries Science Center) 19
- AKR (Alaska Region) 5
- AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) 122
- CESSRST (Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies) 3
- CICOES (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies) 1
- CICS (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) 2
- CICSM (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites Maryland) 3
- CIMAR (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research) 44
- CIMAS (Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies) 90
- CIMRS (Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies) 1
- CINAR (Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region) 2
- CIOERT (Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research and Technology) 9
- CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences) 6
- CISESS (Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies) 10
- CO-OPS (Center for Operational Oceanographic Products & Services) 1
- CoRIS (Coral Reef Information System 2
- CoRIS (Coral Reef Information System) 1759
- CORIS (Coral Reef Information System) 1
- CPO (Climate Program Office) 2
- CSL (Chemical Sciences Laboratory) 1
- DWH (Deepwater Horizon) 21
- Education and outreach 52
- EMC (Environmental Modelling Center) 2
- ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) 1
- FFO (Federally Funded Opportunity) 1
- GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) 2
- GLERL (Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory) 1
- GSL (Global Systems Laboratory) 2
- Hawai'i Coral Restoration Nursery, Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA 1
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA 1
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA|Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States 1
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA|Environmental Science and Monitoring, The Red Sea Development Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1
- Integrated Ecosystem Assessment 4
- IOOS (Integrated Ocean Observing System) 3
- JIMAR (Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research) 42
- JISAO (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean) 2
- MPA (Marine Protected Areas) 127
- NCCOS (National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) 213
- NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information) 13
- NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) 2
- NCRL (NOAA Central & Regional Libraries) 10
- NEFSC (Northeast Fisheries Science Center) 12
- NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) 35
- NESDIS (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service) 90
- NGI (Northern Gulf Institute) 4
- NGS (Office of National Geodetic Survey) 3
- NMFS (National Marine Fishereis Service) 1
- NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) 657
- NOS (National Ocean Service) 574
- NWFSC (Northwest Fisheries Science Center) 17
- NWS (National Weather Service) 5
- OAP (Ocean Acidification Program) 10
- OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) 324
- Ocean Exploration Program 111
- OCM (Office for Coastal Management) 33
- OCS (Office of Coast Survey) 2
- OER (Ocean Exploration and Research) 11
- OET (Ocean Exploration Trust) 1
- OHC (Office of Habitat Conservation) 34
- OMAO (Office of Marine and Aviation Operations) 5
- ONMS (Office of National Marine Sanctuaries) 106
- OPR (Office of Protected Resources) 21
- ORR (Office of Response and Restoration) 17
- OSF (Office of Sustainable Fisheries) 2
- OSS (Office of Science Support) 1
- OST (Office of Science and Technology) 22
- OSTI (Office of Science and Technology Integration) 1
- PIFSC (Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center) 277
- PIFSC (Pacific Islands Science Center) 3
- PIR (Pacific Island Region) 27
- PMEL (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) 6
- PSL (Physical Sciences Laboratory) 2
- Restoration 18
- Sea Grant 44
- SEFSC (Southeast Fisheries Science Center) 135
- SER (Southeast Region) 24
- Service) 1
- STAR (Center for Satellite Applications and Research) 44
- SWFSC (Southwest Fisheries Science Center) 12
- WCR (West Coast Region) 8
Document Type
- Administrative Report 24
- Bibliography 9
- Biological Opinion 10
- Conference Proceeding 6
- Cruise Report 101
- Data Report 13
- Dataset 2
- Dive Summary 33
- Environmental Assessment 30
- Environmental Impact Statement 1
- Instructional Material 4
- Journal Article 552
- Manuals & Handbooks 16
- Miscellaneous 214
- Newsletter 1
- Non-series Report 24
- Planning Document 20
- Processed Report 3
- Professional Paper 322
- Program & Policy Document 49
- Project Instruction 3
- Reference Document 2
- Report to Congress 9
- Special Publication 2
- Summary Report 3
- Technical Memorandum 267
- Technical Report 110
- Video 1
Subject
- Aquatic Science 69
- Benthic animals 18
- Benthos 144
- Biodiversity 17
- Catch effort 16
- Citizen participation 24
- Climatic changes 40
- Climatic factors 34
- Coastal zone management 44
- Conservation 119
- Coral bleaching 58
- Coral reef conservation 452
- Coral reef ecology 381
- Coral reef fisheries 73
- Coral reef fishes 176
- Coral reef management 231
- Coral reef restoration 41
- Coral reefs 20
- Coral reefs and islands 450
- Corals 246
- Deep sea corals 54
- Diseases 18
- Ecology 85
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics 46
- Economic aspects 62
- Ecosystem management 18
- Effect of fishing on 16
- Effect of human beings on 62
- Effect of water pollution on 33
- Endangered species 18
- Environmental aspects 74
- Environmental conditions 33
- Environmental impact analysis 56
- Environmental impact statements 25
- Environmental policy 21
- Estimates 26
- Evaluation 70
- Fisheries 34
- Fishers 18
- Fishery management 97
- Fishes 52
- Fishing 16
- Fish populations 43
- Fish stock assessment 36
- Fish surveys 54
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 21
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 25
- General Environmental Science 25
- General Medicine 19
- Geographical distribution 23
- Global and Planetary Change 35
- Government policy 41
- Habitat 195
- Habitat (Ecology) 22
- Habitat conservation 34
- Health 22
- Law and legislation 18
- Management 273
- Marine ecology 35
- Marine ecosystem management 161
- Marine parks and reserves 177
- Marine resources 83
- Marine resources conservation 114
- Measurement 33
- Monitoring 361
- Multibeam mapping 33
- Multibeam Mapping 21
- Multidisciplinary 27
- Nature and Landscape Conservation 16
- Ocean acidification 27
- Ocean bottom 30
- Ocean Engineering 26
- Oceanography 105
- Ocean temperature 17
- Okeanos Explorer (Ship) 41
- Planning 75
- Pollution 39
- Prevention 23
- Reef fisheries 26
- Reef fishes 55
- Reefs 21
- Remote sensing 55
- Research 181
- Restoration ecology 33
- Science 16
- Seagrasses 16
- Social aspects 61
- Spawning 18
- Sponges 32
- Strategic planning 21
- Technology 18
- Underwater exploration 68
- Underwater Exploration 21
- Water 32
- Water quality 21
- Water quality management 32
- Water Science and Technology 25
- Watershed management 53
- Watershed restoration 33
- Watersheds 24
Name as Subject
- Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary 1
- Marine Applied 1
- NOAA Research Vessel Fulmar 1
- NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai 1
- NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette 1
- NOAA’s Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1
- Research and Exploration 1
- The 1997 annual report provides a set of descriptors and indicators of the bottom fish fisheries from American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii and the Northern Mariana Islands. The descriptors are designed to document recent trends in landings, effort, participation, revenue and prices. Should management action be recommended, descriptor information will aid in assessing potential impacts of the action on fishery participants. The indicators are quantifiable and measurable tools used to identify signs of stress in the stocks or the fishery. Based on changes over time in indicator levels, the Bottom fish Plan Team (BPn may identify 11yellow light" situations (i.e., where stress is first detected) and recommend that either management action or additional study be undertaken or "red light" situations where immediate management action is needed. 1
- The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Councils (Councils) propose an amendment to the Fishery Management Plan for Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic (FMP) that adds "live rock" to the fishery management unit. Live rock means certain living marine organisms or an assemblage thereof attached to a hard substrate (including dead coral or rock). In addition to corals, these organisms include anemones, sponges, tube worms, bryozoans, sea squirts, and algae. 1
- The most important fish ( economically, culturally and socially) in the Pacific are oceanic and pelagic, meaning they live in the near-surface waters of the ocean, often far from shore. Tuna, billfish and other large pelagic species are among the world's most popular fish sought for food and sport. These fish are noteworthy for their rapid growth and, for the tunas, high rates of reproduction, as well as their remarkable swimming speed and stamina. Unlike nearshore pelagic species or bottom-dwelling fish that spend most of their lives near islands, pelagic fish move freely in the oceanic environment. Variations in the distribution and abundance of these nomadic species are often related to differences between their life history profiles, migration patterns and habits that are affected by ever-changing environmental influences, such as water temperatures, current patterns and the availability of food. 1
- The reasons why changes are being proposed are discussed in the section titled "Purpose and Need for Action". Proposed Alternatives are summarized under "Proposed Actions". A brief overview of the current stock assessment and findings of the Reef Fish Stock Assessment Panel (RFSAP) is in "Status of the Gag Stock" followed by a synopsis of spawning potential ratio (SPR). A detailed discussion of the rationale, biological impacts, socioeconomic impacts, and regulatory impacts of both the alternatives presented is in "Management Alternatives and Regulatory Impact Review". The "History of Management" provides a summary of all changes to the management of groupers since the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan was implemented. 1
- The recreational fisheries in the Gulf region are larger than other east coast regions in terms of landings and participants. During 1995 and 1996, an average of about 4.0 million persons participated in marine recreational fishing in the Gulf states (National Marine Fisheries Service [NMFS] 1997) (Page Campbell, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [TPWD], personal comm). They made approximately 26. 7 million trips annually and landed approximately 205 million pounds of fish. Marine recreational fishermen in the Gulf states spent $3.5 billion and created an overall economic impact of$7.0 billion (ASFA, 1997). 1
- This American Samoa Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in American Samoa. 1
- This document assesses impacts to terrestrial and marine habitats within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM or Monument) at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) in light of a rapidly changing climate. It frames the existing problem(s) and proposes a path forward with respect to investigations and other actions warranted to better understand, predict, and adapt to climate-related impacts at Lalo. It lays out a plan to engage the larger inter-agency working group in this exercise, in a robust and sustainable manner necessary to protect and maintain healthy ecosystems and ecosystem services within PMNM in the coming decades. 1
- This Hawaii Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Hawaii Archipelago. 1
- This is a regulatory amendment, sometimes known as a framework procedure amendment, to the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan. A regulatory amendment is used to implement changes to the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for a reef fish Stock or Stock complex, along with any changes to fishing regulations size limits. bag and trip limits. etc.) that are needed to achieve the TAC. The TAC is a level of fishing intended to obtain Optimum Yield and to prevent overfishing, or to follow a recovery plan when a stock is overfished. Regulatory fishing amendments differ from a plan amendments in that they are used to set TACs and associated regulations, whereas plan amendments are used to make changes in the basic policies and procedures defired in a fishery management plan. A regulatory amendment is limited in its scope and follows a specific procedure which is described later in this document. 1
- This Mariana Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). 1
- This Pacific Remote Island Areas Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA) of Baker Island, Johnston Island, Ja.rvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Wake Island and Palmyra Atoll. 1
Place as Subject
- Alaska 10
- Alaska, Gulf of (Alaska) 3
- American Samoa 88
- Atlantic Coast 13
- Atlantic Coast (Fla.) 4
- Atlantic Coast (South Atlantic States) 10
- Atlantic Coast (U.S.) 6
- Atlantic Ocean 13
- Baker Island 5
- Belize 8
- Bermuda Islands 3
- Biscayne Bay 3
- Bonaire 4
- California 17
- Caribbean Area 36
- Caribbean Sea 31
- Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (Calif.) 3
- Colombia 4
- Coral Triangle 4
- Cordell Bank 3
- Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Calif.) 3
- Culebra 3
- Culebra Island 3
- Dry Tortugas 10
- Dry Tortugas (Fla.) 12
- Dry Tortugas National Park 3
- Fiji 6
- Florida 129
- Florida, South 3
- Florida Keys 14
- Florida Keys (Fla.) 8
- Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 24
- Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (Fla.) 6
- Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary 5
- Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (Tex.) 17
- Georgia 8
- Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary 3
- Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (Ga.) 7
- Great Barrier Reef (Qld.) 8
- Guam 55
- Guánica 3
- Gulf Coast 6
- Gulf Coast (Fla.) 3
- Gulf Coast (U.S.) 7
- Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary 3
- Hawaii 177
- Hawaiian Islands 3
- Honduras 3
- Howland Island 4
- Indonesia 4
- Islands of the Pacific 40
- Jamaica 4
- Jarvis Island 4
- Jarvis Island (Line Islands) 5
- Johnston Island 4
- Kaneohe Bay 4
- Kingman Reef (Line Islands) 4
- Leeward Islands 10
- Line Islands 18
- Mariana Islands 19
- Marshall Islands 3
- Maui 17
- Maui (Hawaii) 4
- Mexico, Gulf of 64
- Micronesia (Federated States) 7
- Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary 3
- Negril 3
- Netherlands Antilles 4
- North Atlantic Ocean 49
- North Carolina 5
- Northern Mariana Islands 44
- North Pacific Ocean 28
- Oahu 7
- Pacific Area 3
- Pacific Coast 14
- Pacific Coast (U.S.) 8
- Pacific Ocean 64
- Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument 9
- Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (Line Islands) 11
- Palau 11
- Palmyra Atoll (Line Islands) 4
- Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument 12
- Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Hawaii) 9
- Philippines 7
- Puerto Rico 94
- Saint Croix 16
- Saint John 15
- Saint Thomas 9
- Saint Thomas (Island) 5
- Saipan 5
- South Atlantic Bight 6
- Texas 7
- Tutuila Island 4
- Tutuila Island (American Samoa) 4
- United States 214
- United States Virgin Islands 102
- Vieques Island 4
- Virgin Islands 5
- Wake Island 7
- Washington (State) 6
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- Hawai'i Coral Restoration Nursery, Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA (1)
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA (1)
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA|Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States (1)
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Moku o Lóe, Kānéohe, Hawai'i, USA|Environmental Science and Monitoring, The Red Sea Development Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1)
- Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (4)
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- NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai (1)
- NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette (1)
- NOAA’s Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (1)
- Research and Exploration (1)
- The 1997 annual report provides a set of descriptors and indicators of the bottom fish fisheries from American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii and the Northern Mariana Islands. The descriptors are designed to document recent trends in landings, effort, participation, revenue and prices. Should management action be recommended, descriptor information will aid in assessing potential impacts of the action on fishery participants. The indicators are quantifiable and measurable tools used to identify signs of stress in the stocks or the fishery. Based on changes over time in indicator levels, the Bottom fish Plan Team (BPn may identify 11yellow light" situations (i.e., where stress is first detected) and recommend that either management action or additional study be undertaken or "red light" situations where immediate management action is needed. (1)
- The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Councils (Councils) propose an amendment to the Fishery Management Plan for Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic (FMP) that adds "live rock" to the fishery management unit. Live rock means certain living marine organisms or an assemblage thereof attached to a hard substrate (including dead coral or rock). In addition to corals, these organisms include anemones, sponges, tube worms, bryozoans, sea squirts, and algae. (1)
- The most important fish ( economically, culturally and socially) in the Pacific are oceanic and pelagic, meaning they live in the near-surface waters of the ocean, often far from shore. Tuna, billfish and other large pelagic species are among the world's most popular fish sought for food and sport. These fish are noteworthy for their rapid growth and, for the tunas, high rates of reproduction, as well as their remarkable swimming speed and stamina. Unlike nearshore pelagic species or bottom-dwelling fish that spend most of their lives near islands, pelagic fish move freely in the oceanic environment. Variations in the distribution and abundance of these nomadic species are often related to differences between their life history profiles, migration patterns and habits that are affected by ever-changing environmental influences, such as water temperatures, current patterns and the availability of food. (1)
- The reasons why changes are being proposed are discussed in the section titled "Purpose and Need for Action". Proposed Alternatives are summarized under "Proposed Actions". A brief overview of the current stock assessment and findings of the Reef Fish Stock Assessment Panel (RFSAP) is in "Status of the Gag Stock" followed by a synopsis of spawning potential ratio (SPR). A detailed discussion of the rationale, biological impacts, socioeconomic impacts, and regulatory impacts of both the alternatives presented is in "Management Alternatives and Regulatory Impact Review". The "History of Management" provides a summary of all changes to the management of groupers since the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan was implemented. (1)
- The recreational fisheries in the Gulf region are larger than other east coast regions in terms of landings and participants. During 1995 and 1996, an average of about 4.0 million persons participated in marine recreational fishing in the Gulf states (National Marine Fisheries Service [NMFS] 1997) (Page Campbell, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [TPWD], personal comm). They made approximately 26. 7 million trips annually and landed approximately 205 million pounds of fish. Marine recreational fishermen in the Gulf states spent $3.5 billion and created an overall economic impact of$7.0 billion (ASFA, 1997). (1)
- This American Samoa Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in American Samoa. (1)
- This document assesses impacts to terrestrial and marine habitats within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM or Monument) at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) in light of a rapidly changing climate. It frames the existing problem(s) and proposes a path forward with respect to investigations and other actions warranted to better understand, predict, and adapt to climate-related impacts at Lalo. It lays out a plan to engage the larger inter-agency working group in this exercise, in a robust and sustainable manner necessary to protect and maintain healthy ecosystems and ecosystem services within PMNM in the coming decades. (1)
- This Hawaii Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Hawaii Archipelago. (1)
- This is a regulatory amendment, sometimes known as a framework procedure amendment, to the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan. A regulatory amendment is used to implement changes to the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for a reef fish Stock or Stock complex, along with any changes to fishing regulations size limits. bag and trip limits. etc.) that are needed to achieve the TAC. The TAC is a level of fishing intended to obtain Optimum Yield and to prevent overfishing, or to follow a recovery plan when a stock is overfished. Regulatory fishing amendments differ from a plan amendments in that they are used to set TACs and associated regulations, whereas plan amendments are used to make changes in the basic policies and procedures defired in a fishery management plan. A regulatory amendment is limited in its scope and follows a specific procedure which is described later in this document. (1)
- This Mariana Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). (1)
- This Pacific Remote Island Areas Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA) of Baker Island, Johnston Island, Ja.rvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Wake Island and Palmyra Atoll. (1)
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- The 1997 annual report provides a set of descriptors and indicators of the bottom fish fisheries from American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii and the Northern Mariana Islands. The descriptors are designed to document recent trends in landings, effort, participation, revenue and prices. Should management action be recommended, descriptor information will aid in assessing potential impacts of the action on fishery participants. The indicators are quantifiable and measurable tools used to identify signs of stress in the stocks or the fishery. Based on changes over time in indicator levels, the Bottom fish Plan Team (BPn may identify 11yellow light" situations (i.e., where stress is first detected) and recommend that either management action or additional study be undertaken or "red light" situations where immediate management action is needed. (1)
- The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Councils (Councils) propose an amendment to the Fishery Management Plan for Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic (FMP) that adds "live rock" to the fishery management unit. Live rock means certain living marine organisms or an assemblage thereof attached to a hard substrate (including dead coral or rock). In addition to corals, these organisms include anemones, sponges, tube worms, bryozoans, sea squirts, and algae. (1)
- The most important fish ( economically, culturally and socially) in the Pacific are oceanic and pelagic, meaning they live in the near-surface waters of the ocean, often far from shore. Tuna, billfish and other large pelagic species are among the world's most popular fish sought for food and sport. These fish are noteworthy for their rapid growth and, for the tunas, high rates of reproduction, as well as their remarkable swimming speed and stamina. Unlike nearshore pelagic species or bottom-dwelling fish that spend most of their lives near islands, pelagic fish move freely in the oceanic environment. Variations in the distribution and abundance of these nomadic species are often related to differences between their life history profiles, migration patterns and habits that are affected by ever-changing environmental influences, such as water temperatures, current patterns and the availability of food. (1)
- The reasons why changes are being proposed are discussed in the section titled "Purpose and Need for Action". Proposed Alternatives are summarized under "Proposed Actions". A brief overview of the current stock assessment and findings of the Reef Fish Stock Assessment Panel (RFSAP) is in "Status of the Gag Stock" followed by a synopsis of spawning potential ratio (SPR). A detailed discussion of the rationale, biological impacts, socioeconomic impacts, and regulatory impacts of both the alternatives presented is in "Management Alternatives and Regulatory Impact Review". The "History of Management" provides a summary of all changes to the management of groupers since the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan was implemented. (1)
- The recreational fisheries in the Gulf region are larger than other east coast regions in terms of landings and participants. During 1995 and 1996, an average of about 4.0 million persons participated in marine recreational fishing in the Gulf states (National Marine Fisheries Service [NMFS] 1997) (Page Campbell, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department [TPWD], personal comm). They made approximately 26. 7 million trips annually and landed approximately 205 million pounds of fish. Marine recreational fishermen in the Gulf states spent $3.5 billion and created an overall economic impact of$7.0 billion (ASFA, 1997). (1)
- This American Samoa Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in American Samoa. (1)
- This document assesses impacts to terrestrial and marine habitats within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM or Monument) at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) in light of a rapidly changing climate. It frames the existing problem(s) and proposes a path forward with respect to investigations and other actions warranted to better understand, predict, and adapt to climate-related impacts at Lalo. It lays out a plan to engage the larger inter-agency working group in this exercise, in a robust and sustainable manner necessary to protect and maintain healthy ecosystems and ecosystem services within PMNM in the coming decades. (1)
- This Hawaii Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Hawaii Archipelago. (1)
- This is a regulatory amendment, sometimes known as a framework procedure amendment, to the Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan. A regulatory amendment is used to implement changes to the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for a reef fish Stock or Stock complex, along with any changes to fishing regulations size limits. bag and trip limits. etc.) that are needed to achieve the TAC. The TAC is a level of fishing intended to obtain Optimum Yield and to prevent overfishing, or to follow a recovery plan when a stock is overfished. Regulatory fishing amendments differ from a plan amendments in that they are used to set TACs and associated regulations, whereas plan amendments are used to make changes in the basic policies and procedures defired in a fishery management plan. A regulatory amendment is limited in its scope and follows a specific procedure which is described later in this document. (1)
- This Mariana Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). (1)
- This Pacific Remote Island Areas Fishery Ecosystem Plan (FEP) was developed by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council and represents the first step in an incremental and collaborative approach to implement ecosystem approaches to fishery management in the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA) of Baker Island, Johnston Island, Ja.rvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Wake Island and Palmyra Atoll. (1)
- Alaska (10)
- Alaska, Gulf of (Alaska) (3)
- American Samoa (88)
- Atlantic Coast (13)
- Atlantic Coast (Fla.) (4)
- Atlantic Coast (South Atlantic States) (10)
- Atlantic Coast (U.S.) (6)
- Atlantic Ocean (13)
- Baker Island (5)
- Belize (8)
- Bermuda Islands (3)
- Biscayne Bay (3)
- Bonaire (4)
- California (17)
- Caribbean Area (36)
- Caribbean Sea (31)
- Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (Calif.) (3)
- Colombia (4)
- Coral Triangle (4)
- Cordell Bank (3)
- Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Calif.) (3)
- Culebra (3)
- Culebra Island (3)
- Dry Tortugas (10)
- Dry Tortugas (Fla.) (12)
- Dry Tortugas National Park (3)
- Fiji (6)
- Florida (129)
- Florida, South (3)
- Florida Keys (14)
- Florida Keys (Fla.) (8)
- Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (24)
- Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (Fla.) (6)
- Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (5)
- Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (Tex.) (17)
- Georgia (8)
- Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (3)
- Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary (Ga.) (7)
- Great Barrier Reef (Qld.) (8)
- Guam (55)
- Guánica (3)
- Gulf Coast (6)
- Gulf Coast (Fla.) (3)
- Gulf Coast (U.S.) (7)
- Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (3)
- Hawaii (177)
- Hawaiian Islands (3)
- Honduras (3)
- Howland Island (4)
- Indonesia (4)
- Islands of the Pacific (40)
- Jamaica (4)
- Jarvis Island (4)
- Jarvis Island (Line Islands) (5)
- Johnston Island (4)
- Kaneohe Bay (4)
- Kingman Reef (Line Islands) (4)
- Leeward Islands (10)
- Line Islands (18)
- Mariana Islands (19)
- Marshall Islands (3)
- Maui (17)
- Maui (Hawaii) (4)
- Mexico, Gulf of (64)
- Micronesia (Federated States) (7)
- Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (3)
- Negril (3)
- Netherlands Antilles (4)
- North Atlantic Ocean (49)
- North Carolina (5)
- Northern Mariana Islands (44)
- North Pacific Ocean (28)
- Oahu (7)
- Pacific Area (3)
- Pacific Coast (14)
- Pacific Coast (U.S.) (8)
- Pacific Ocean (64)
- Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (9)
- Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument (Line Islands) (11)
- Palau (11)
- Palmyra Atoll (Line Islands) (4)
- Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (12)
- Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Hawaii) (9)
- Philippines (7)
- Puerto Rico (94)
- Saint Croix (16)
- Saint John (15)
- Saint Thomas (9)
- Saint Thomas (Island) (5)
- Saipan (5)
- South Atlantic Bight (6)
- Texas (7)
- Tutuila Island (4)
- Tutuila Island (American Samoa) (4)
- United States (214)
- United States Virgin Islands (102)
- Vieques Island (4)
- Virgin Islands (5)
- Wake Island (7)
- Washington (State) (6)
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