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NOAA Cooperative Institutes

NOAA Institutional Repository

The NOAA Cooperative Institutes are academic and non-profit research institutions that demonstrate the highest level of performance and conduct research that supports NOAA's Mission Goals and Strategic Plan. Currently, NOAA supports 17 Cooperative Institutes consisting of 58 universities and research institutions across 23 states and the District of Columbia. This collection consists of documents (technical reports and memorandum, as well as journal articles) that have been produced by these institutes in support of NOAA research through the use of NOAA funding support.

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Showing 1 - 20 of 10495 results
  • The GOES Eastern United States Fire Emissions Inventory
    The GOES Eastern United States Fire Emissions Inventory
    Fite, Charles H. ;
    Kumar, Aditya
    2025 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 130(24) | PDF
    Prescribed wildland and agricultural fires are common in the eastern United States (U.S.), but their small size and short durations have led polar-orbiting satellite data sets to underestimate their emissions due to omission. The higher temporal resolution of the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) improves fire detection, enabling development o ...
  • Altimetry for the future Building on 25 years of progress
    Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
    Abdalla, Saleh ;
    Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi
    2021 | Advances in Space Research, 68(2), 319-363
    In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and mo ...
  • Invasive grasses increase fire occurrence and frequency across US ecoregions
    Invasive grasses increase fire occurrence and frequency across US ecoregions
    Fusco, Emily J. ;
    Finn, John T.
    2019 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2019, 116 (47) 23594-23599
    Fire-prone invasive grasses create novel ecosystem threats by increasing fine-fuel loads and continuity, which can alter fire regimes. While the existence of an invasive grass-fire cycle is well known, evidence of altered fire regimes is typically based on local-scale studies or expert knowledge. Here, we quantify the effects of 12 nonnative, invas ...
  • Predictability and Prediction of Southern California Rains during Strong El Nino Events A Focus on the Failed 2016 Winter Rains
    Predictability and Prediction of Southern California Rains during Strong El Nino Events: A Focus on the Failed 2016 Winter Rains
    Zhang, Tao ;
    Hoerling, Martin P.
    2018 | Journal of Climate, 31(2), 555-574.
    The failed Southern California (SCAL) winter rains during the 2015/16 strong El Nino came as a surprise and a disappointment. Similarities were drawn to very wet winters during several historical strong El Nino events, leading to heightened expectations that SCAL's multiyear drought would abate in 2016. Ensembles of atmospheric model simulations an ...
  • The Rapid Deployments to Wildfires Experiment RaDFIRE Observations from the Fire Zone
    The Rapid Deployments to Wildfires Experiment (RaDFIRE): Observations from the Fire Zone
    Clements, Craig B. ;
    Lareau, Neil P.
    2018 | Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. (2018) 99 (12): 2539–2559.
    The Rapid Deployments to Wildfires Experiment (RaDFIRE) was a meteorological field campaign aimed at observing fire–atmosphere interactions during active wildfires. Using a rapidly deployable scanning Doppler lidar, airborne Doppler radar, and a suite of other instruments, the field campaign sampled 21 wildfires from 2013 to 2016 in the western Uni ...
  • Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
    Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
    Gristey, Jake J. ;
    Chiu, J. Christine
    2019 | J. Climate (2019) 32 (15): 4805–4828.
    The spectrum of reflected solar radiation emerging at the top of the atmosphere is rich with Earth system information. To identify spectral signatures in the reflected solar radiation and directly relate them to the underlying physical properties controlling their structure, over 90 000 solar reflectance spectra are computed over West Africa in 201 ...
  • Combining Model and Observational Data Using Machine Learning for ShortTerm Severe Weather Hazard Prediction
    Combining Model and Observational Data Using Machine Learning for Short-Term Severe Weather Hazard Prediction
    Loken, Eric D. ;
    Clark, Adam J.
    2025 | Artif. Intell. Earth Syst., 4, e240102 | PDF
    The Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) is a convection-allowing ensemble that rapidly assimilates high-resolution radar, satellite, and other observational data to enhance forecasting capabilities at 0–6-h lead times. However, data latency and model spinup can reduce WoFS’ utility, especially within the first hour after initialization. On the other han ...
  • A Thermodynamic Pathway Leading to Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Shear
    A Thermodynamic Pathway Leading to Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones in Shear
    Chen, Xiaomin ;
    Zhang, Jun A.
    2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46(15), 9241-9251. | PDF
    Abstract Understanding physical processes leading to rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) under environmental vertical wind shear is key to improving TC intensity forecasts. This study analyzes the thermodynamic processes that help saturate the TC inner core before RI onset using a column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) framew ...
  • Methane source attribution in a US dry gas basin using spatial patterns of ground and airborne ethane and methane measurements
    Methane source attribution in a US dry gas basin using spatial patterns of ground and airborne ethane and methane measurements
    Mielke-Maday, Ingrid ;
    Schwietzke, Stefan
    2019 | Elem Sci Anth, 7(1), p.13.
    An intensive coordinated airborne and ground-based measurement study was conducted in the Fayetteville Shale in northwestern Arkansas during September and October 2015 to compare and explain potential discrepancies between top-down and bottom-up estimates of regional natural gas (NG) methane (CH4) emissions. In situ mobile downwind measurements are ...
  • Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
    Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
    Jensen, Eric J. ;
    Kärcher, Bernd
    2018 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 123(21), 12210-12227.
    Recent laboratory experiments have advanced our understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation at low temperatures. We use these laboratory results, along with field measurements of aerosol composition, to constrain a parameterization of heterogeneous nucleation rate dependence on temperature and supersaturation. We apply this nucleation parameteriz ...
  • Clarifying regional hydrologic controls of the Maran River Peru through rapid assessment to inform systemwide basin planning approaches
    Clarifying regional hydrologic controls of the Marañón River, Peru through rapid assessment to inform system-wide basin planning approaches
    Hill, Alice F. ;
    Stallard, Robert F.
    2018 | Elem Sci Anth, 6(1): 37, 2018.
    We use remote sensing to enhance the interpretation of the first baseline dataset of hydrologic, isotopic and hydrochemical variables spanning 620 km of the upper Marañón River, in Andean Peru, from the steep alpine canyons to the lower lying jungle. Remote, data-scarce river systems are under increased hydropower development pressure to meet risin ...
  • Temporal and spatial variability of ammonia in urban and agricultural regions of northern Colorado United States
    Temporal and spatial variability of ammonia in urban and agricultural regions of northern Colorado, United States
    Li, Yi ;
    Thompson, Tammy M.
    2017 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(10), 6197-6213
    Concentrated agricultural activities and animal feeding operations in the northeastern plains of Colorado represent an important source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3). The NH3 from these sources contributes to regional fine particle formation and to nitrogen deposition to sensitive ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), located ∼ 80 km to ...
    Supporting Files
  • Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024
    Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024
    Cheng, Lijing ;
    Abraham, John
    2025 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 42(6), 1092-1109 | PDF
    Heating in the ocean has continued in 2024 in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, despite the transition from an El Niño to neutral conditions. In 2024, both global sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached unprecedented highs in the historical record. The 0–2000 m OHC in 2024 ...
  • The Expanding Footprint of Rapid Arctic Change
    The Expanding Footprint of Rapid Arctic Change
    Moon, Twila A. ;
    Overeem, Irina
    2019 | Earths Future, 7(3): 212-218
    Arctic land ice is melting, sea ice is decreasing, and permafrost is thawing. Changes in these Arctic elements are interconnected, and most interactions accelerate the rate of change. The changes affect infrastructure, economics, and cultures of people inside and outside of the Arctic, including in temperate and tropical regions, through sea level ...
  • Resolving Seasonal Ice Velocity of 45 Greenlandic Glaciers With Very High Temporal Details
    Resolving Seasonal Ice Velocity of 45 Greenlandic Glaciers With Very High Temporal Details
    Vijay, Saurabh ;
    Khan, Shfaqat Abbas
    2019 | Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 1485-1495.
    Seasonal glacier ice velocities are important for understanding controlling mechanisms of ice flow. For many Greenlandic glaciers, however, these measurements are limited by low temporal resolution. We present seasonal ice velocity changes, melt season onset and extent, and ice front positions for 45 Greenlandic glaciers using 2015–2017 Sentinel‐1 ...
  • Population assessment of tropical tuna based on their associative behavior around floating objects
    Population assessment of tropical tuna based on their associative behavior around floating objects
    Capello, M. ;
    Deneubourg, J. L.
    2016 | Scientific Reports 6 (36415)
    Estimating the abundance of pelagic fish species is a challenging task, due to their vast and remote habitat. Despite the development of satellite, archival and acoustic tagging techniques that allow the tracking of marine animals in their natural environments, these technologies have so far been underutilized in developing abundance estimations. W ...
  • Breakthrough in Marine Invertebrate Cell Culture Sponge Cells Divide Rapidly in Improved Nutrient Medium
    Breakthrough in Marine Invertebrate Cell Culture: Sponge Cells Divide Rapidly in Improved Nutrient Medium
    Conkling, Megan ;
    Hesp, Kylie
    2019 | Scientific Reports, 9(1)
    Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are among the oldest Metazoa and considered critical to understanding animal evolution and development. They are also the most prolific source of marine-derived chemicals with pharmaceutical relevance. Cell lines are important tools for research in many disciplines, and have been established for many organisms, including f ...
  • Evaluation of turbulence measurement techniques from a single Doppler lidar
    Evaluation of turbulence measurement techniques from a single Doppler lidar
    Bonin, Timothy A. ;
    Choukulkar, Aditya
    2017 | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 10(8), 3021-3039.
    Measurements of turbulence are essential to understand and quantify the transport and dispersal of heat, moisture, momentum, and trace gases within the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Through the years, various techniques to measure turbulence using Doppler lidar observations have been proposed. However, the accuracy of these measurements has rarel ...
  • Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon
    Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon
    Daly, Elizabeth A. ;
    Brodeur, Richard D.
    2015 | PLOS ONE. 2015; 10(12): e0144066.
    The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981-1985; 1998-2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in c ...
  • Global AirSea Fluxes of Heat Fresh Water and Momentum Energy Budget Closure and Unanswered Questions
    Global Air–Sea Fluxes of Heat, Fresh Water, and Momentum: Energy Budget Closure and Unanswered Questions
    Yu, Lisan
    2019 | Annual Review of Marine Science, 11(1), 227-248
    The ocean interacts with the atmosphere via interfacial exchanges of momentum, heat (via radiation and convection), and fresh water (via evaporation and precipitation). These fluxes, or exchanges, constitute the ocean-surface energy and water budgets and define the ocean's role in Earth's climate and its variability on both short and long timescale ...
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